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Академическое чтение. Учебно-методическое пособие

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☆
ТЕМА IV. СТРАТЕГИИ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОГО ЧТЕНИЯ
Продолжение таблицы 2
However,allthepreviouslymentionedmethodssufferfromsomeseriousdraw­backs(limitations,weaknesses,shortcomings,disadvantages).
(However,)Xfailstofullydenewhat…
Yfailstoacknowledgethesignicanceof…
Theauthoroverlooksthefactthat…
WhatXfailstodoistodrawadistinctionbetween…
Anotherweaknessisthatwearegivennoexplanationofhow…
Noattemptwasmadeto…
Themainweaknessofthestudyis…
TheauthormakesnoattempttodifferentiatebetweendifferenttypesofX.
Themostcommonargumentagainstis…
Offering constructive suggestions
Thestudywouldhavebeenmoreinterestingifithadincluded…
Thesestudieswouldhavebeenmoreusefuliftheyhadfocusedon…
Thestudywouldhavebeenmorerelevantiftheresearchershadasked…
Thequestionnairewouldhavebeenmoreusefulifithadaskedparticipants about
Hedging devices
Itisbelievedthat…
Itisthoughtthat…
Itisawidelyheldviewthat…
Ithasbeenreportedthat…
Ithascommonlybeenassumedthat…
AccordingtoSmith(2002),…
Accordingtorecentreports,…
Accordingtomanyintheeld…
21
ЗВЯГИНЦЕВА А.В. АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ
Продолжение таблицы 2
Smith(2001)holdstheviewthat…
Manyscholarsholdtheviewthat…
Recentresearchhassuggestedthat…
Thereissomeevidencetosuggestthat…
Xmaybe/couldbe/mightbe/arealmostcertainlydueto…
Itmaybe/couldbe/ispossible/isprobable/islikely/isalmostcertainthatX isaresultof…
Thisdiscrepancycouldbeattributedto…
Apossibleexplanationforthismightbethat…
Itseemspossiblethattheseresultsaredueto…
Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthisresult.
Therearetwolikelycausesforthedifferencesbetween…
Apossibleexplanationfortheseresultsmaybethelackofadequate…
Theevidencefromthisstudysuggeststhat…
Takentogether,theseresultssuggestthat…
Thedatareportedhereappeartosupporttheassumptionthat…
Initialobservationssuggestthattheremaybealinkbetween…
ThendingsfromthesestudiessuggestthatXcanhaveaneffecton…
Thesedatamustbeinterpretedwithcautionbecause…
Theseresultsthereforeneedtobeinterpretedwithcaution.
Theseresultsdonotruleouttheinuenceofotherfactorsin…
Thisaccountmustbeapproachedwithsomecautionbecause…
Itisimportanttobearinmindthepossiblebiasintheseresponses.
Comparing and contrasting
XisdifferentfromYinanumberofrespects.
XdiffersfromYinanumberofimportantways.
22
ТЕМА IV. СТРАТЕГИИ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОГО ЧТЕНИЯ
Продолжение таблицы 2
Jonesfound/observeddramatic/distinct/considerable/signicant/notable/ major/onlyslightdifferencesbetween…
ThereareanumberofsimilaritiesbetweenXandY.
Incontrastto…
Comparedwith…
Bycontrast,
Incontrast,
Ontheotherhand,
Similarly,
Likewise,
Inthesameway,
Classifying
Xcanbeclassiedinto….classes/sub-groups/categories.
Xmaybeclassiedaccordingto/onthebasisof/dependingon/intermsof…
Giving examples
Awell-known/notable/classic/useful/importantexampleofXis…
AnotherexampleofwhatismeantbyXis…
Thisisevidentinthecaseof…
Thisiscertainlytrueinthecaseof…
TheevidenceofXcanbeclearlyseeninthecaseof…
Thiscasehasshownthat…
Thishasbeenseeninthecaseof…
Thecasereportedhereillustratesthe…
Overall,thesecasessupporttheviewthat…
Thiscasestudyconrmstheimportanceof…
Theevidencepresentedthusfarsupportstheideathat…
Thiscasedemonstratestheneedforbetterstrategiesfor…
Asthiscaseveryclearlydemonstrates,itisimportantthat…
Thiscaserevealstheneedforfurtherinvestigationinpatientswith…
23
ЗВЯГИНЦЕВА А.В. АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ
Signaling transition
RegardingX,…
AsregardsX,…
IntermsofX,…
InthecaseofX…
WithregardtoX,…
WithrespecttoX,…
OnthequestionofX,…
AsfarasXisconcerned,…
Asdiscussedabove,…
Asexplainedearlier,…
Aspreviouslystated,…
Asindicatedpreviously…
Asdescribedintheintroduction,…
Продолжение таблицы 2
Aswasmentionedintheintroduction,…
Asexplainedintheintroduction,itisclearthat…
Aswaspointedoutintheintroductiontothispaper,…
Turningnowto…
Letusnowturnto…
Letusnowconsider…
Movingonnowtoconsider…
AnothersignicantaspectofXis…
Inaddition,itisimportanttoask…
UnlikeSmith,Jones(2015)hasargued…
IncontrasttoSmith,Jones(2015)maintains…
24
ТЕМА IV. СТРАТЕГИИ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОГО ЧТЕНИЯ
Продолжение таблицы 2
Despitethis,littleprogresshasbeenmadeinthe…
Statingtheimportanceofthetopic
Xisfundamentalto…
Xhasapivotalrolein…
Xisfastbecomingakeyinstrumentin…
Xplaysavitalrolein…
Xplaysacriticalrolein…
Xshaveemergedas…
Xisessentialforawiderangeoftechnologies.
Xcanplayanimportantroleinaddressingtheissueof…
ThereisevidencethatXplaysacrucialroleinregulating…
Thereisagrowingbodyofliteraturethatrecognizestheimportanceof…
AkeyaspectofXis…
Xisofinterestbecause…
Xisaclassicproblemin…
AprimaryconcernofXis…
Xisadominantfeatureof…
Xisanimportantaspectof…
Xhasbeenstudiedbymanyresearchersusing…
Xhasbeenanobjectofresearchsincethe1960s.
Xhasbeenthesubjectofmanyclassicstudiesin…
Xisanincreasinglyimportantareainappliedlinguistics.
Inrecentyears,therehasbeenanincreasinginterestin…
Recently,researchershaveshownanincreasedinterestin…
Overthepastcentury,therehasbeenadramaticincreasein…
Sinceitwasreportedin2005,Xhasbeenattractingalotofinterest.
25
ЗВЯГИНЦЕВА А.В. АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ
Продолжение таблицы 2
RecentdevelopmentsintheeldofXhaveledtoarenewedinterestin…
Thepastthirtyyearshaveseenincreasinglyrapidadvancesintheeldof…
ThechangesexperiencedbyXoverthepastdecaderemainunprecedented.
InlightofrecenteventsinX,itisbecomingextremelydifculttoignoretheex­istenceof…
Recentevidencesuggeststhat…
Extensiveresearchhasshownthat…
StudiesofXshowtheimportanceof…
Ithaspreviouslybeenobservedthat…
Severalattemptshavebeenmadeto…
Previousresearchhasestablishedthat…
Datafromseveralstudiessuggestthat…
Recentworkbyhistorianshasestablishedthat…
PreviousresearchcomparingXandYhasfound…
TheexistingbodyofresearchonXsuggeststhat…
Thereisagrowingbodyofliteraturethatrecognizes…
SeveraltheoriesontheoriginofXhavebeenproposed.
Existingresearchrecognizesthecriticalroleplayedby…
Itisnowwellestablishedfromavarietyofstudies,that…
RecentlyinvestigatorshaveexaminedtheeffectsofXonY.
Highlighting a problem
Oneofthemainobstacles…
Oneofthegreatestchallenges…
ThemaindisadvantageofXisthat…
Xisassociatedwith…
Themainchallengefacedbymanyexperimentsisthe…
26
ТЕМА IV. СТРАТЕГИИ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОГО ЧТЕНИЯ
Продолжение таблицы 2
Highlighting a controversy in the eld of study
Amuchdebatedquestioniswhether…
OnemajorissueinearlyXresearchconcerned…
Todatetherehasbeenlittleagreementonwhat…
Theissuehasgrowninimportanceinlightofrecent…
ThecausesofXhavebeenthesubjectofintensedebatewithinthescientic community.
Reference to previous research
Thereislittlepublisheddataon…
NopreviousstudyhasinvestigatedX.
TheuseofXhasnotbeeninvestigated.
Therehasbeennodetailedinvestigationof…
Therehasbeenlittlequantitativeanalysisof…
Uptonow,fartoolittleattentionhasbeenpaidto…
Asearchoftheliteraturerevealedfewstudieswhich…
Sofar,however,therehasbeenlittlediscussionabout…
Sofar,verylittleattentionhasbeenpaidtotheroleofX.
Surprisingly,theeffectsofXhavenotbeencloselyexamined.
IncontrasttoX,thereismuchlessinformationabouteffectsof…
PreviousstudiesofXhavenotdealtwith…
ResearchershavenottreatedXinmuchdetail.
MoststudiesintheeldofXhaveonlyfocusedon…
Suchapproaches,however,havefailedtoaddress…
Indicating the focus and aim of the paper
Inthispaper,Iarguethat…
Thispaperattemptstoshowthat…
27
ЗВЯГИНЦЕВА А.В. АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ
Окончание таблицы 2
Thecentralthesisofthispaperisthat…
Inthepagesthatfollow,itwillbearguedthat…
Inthisessay,Iattempttodefendtheviewthat…
Theaimofthisessayistoexploretherelationshipbetween…
Thepurposeofthispaperistoreviewrecentresearchintothe…
Thispaperarguesthat…/givesanaccountof…/discussesthecaseof…/ analysestheimpactof…/attemptstoshowthat…/conteststheclaimthat…/ providesanoverviewof…/reviewstheevidencefor…/reportsonastudy which…/tracesthedevelopmentof…/exploresthewaysinwhich…/ assessesthesignicanceof…/highlightstheimportanceof…/considers theimplicationsof…/criticallyexaminestheviewthat…/proposesanew methodologyfor…/examinestherelationshipbetween…/compares thedifferentwaysinwhich…/investigatesthefactorsthatdetermine…/ describesthedesignandimplementationof…
Stating the purpose of research
Thespecicobjectiveofthisstudywasto…
Anobjectiveofthisstudywastoinvestigate…
Thisthesiswillexaminethewayinwhichthe…
Thisstudysetouttoinvestigatetheusefulnessof…
Thisdissertationseekstoexplainthedevelopmentof…
Thiscasestudyseekstoexaminethechangingnatureof…
Theobjectivesofthisresearcharetodeterminewhether…
ThisresearchexaminestheemergingroleofXinthecontextof…
ThemainaimofthisstudyistoinvestigatethedifferencesbetweenXandY.
Partoftheaimofthisprojectistodevelopsoftwarethatiscompatiblewith…
Therearetwoprimaryaimsofthisstudy:1.Toinvestigate…2.Toascertain…
Thisstudyseekstoobtaindatawhichwillhelptoaddresstheseresearchgaps.
ThepurposeofthisinvestigationistoexploretherelationshipbetweenXandY. [20].
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
I
1. Match the academic synonyms in each list
Nouns Verbs
area system create accomplish
benet eld derive ban
process donation involve record
factor action achieve establish
image advantage clarify study
error term show refuse
feature approach respond obtain
drawback aspect establish explain
source conduct concentrateon reinforce
theory tendency affect grow
period result imply inuence
issue belief prohibit determine
element emotion publish forecast
expansion part evaluate question
outcome appliance conrm release
study target strengthen engage
access topic challenge examine
device origin predict focuson
trend disadvantage undergo remove
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ЗВЯГИНЦЕВА А.В. АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ
Продолжение
Nouns Verbs
method research abandon prove
structure admission analyze organize
component importance eliminate experience
emphasis increase develop increase
contribution citation dene reply
quotation mistake claim reveal
feeling representation survey mean
goal characteristic raise demand
behavior determinant register estimate
2. Fill in the table with appropriate words
Adjective Noun Verb
agreeable agree
creative creation
belief believe
emphasis emphasize
derived derive
signicant signicance
responsive response
valid validate
distribution distribute
analytical analysis
behaved behave
criticism criticize
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