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Файл:Тренажер по английскому языку – 2 углубленный курс подготовки к централизованному тестированию и экзамену
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1. Для передачи в косвенной речи просьб и приказаний используются главным образом глаголы и а содержание просьбы
или приказа передается глаголом в форме инфинитива с частицей
Приказания запрещающего характера передаются в косвенной
речи сочетанием o с инфинитивом.
my present job.
my present job.
2. После глаголов, которые выражают повелительное наклонение,
обязательно наличие косвенного беспредложного дополнения
.
Наиболее употребляемые глаголы
приказывать
командовать
просить
требовать
предупреждать, предостерегать
советовать
рекомендовать
запрещать
3. Если автор просьбы (распоряжения) неизвестен или нет необходи
мости его упоминать, передающие косвенную просьбу,
«Do not interrupt the grown-ups, Sally.»
«Сэлли, не перебивай взрослых. »
Sally not to interrupt the grown-ups.
Сэлли попросили не перебивать взрослых.
4. Предложения типа
в косвенной речи вводятся преимущественно глаголами и
, кроме того, изменяется структура модели. За глаголом
Позволь помочь тебе
Давай сделаем это вместе
241
-
непосредственно следует инфинитив с частицей to, а после глагола
t следует герундий (-ing), либо дополнительное придаточное
предложение с глаголом плюс инфинитив:
«Let me post your letters, Polly.»
«Поли, позволь я отправлю твои письма».
He Polly’s letters.
Он предложил Поли отправить ее письма.
«Let’s go to a movie.»
«Пошли в кино».
I that we to a movie.
Я предложил пойти в кино.
а русский язык косвенная просьба или косвенный приказ чаще
5. Н
переводятся придаточным дополнительным предложением, но
возможно также употребление инфинитивной конструкции:
I not to interfere.
Мне сказали (велели), чтобы я не вмешивался.
Мне сказали (велели) не вмешиваться.
invite, advise, recommend, warn.
1. Consult the time-table – said the office manager.
2. He said: «Take off your coats and hats, put on these overalls and begin
your work, boys».
3. Please, ask questions – the speaker said to the audience.
4. Don’t stay in the way of the traffic – said the militiaman.
5. Take off your coats and come in – said the hostess to us.
6. Send your son to a sports camp – said the teacher.
7. Visit your mother this summer, Mary – said Ann.
8. Come and stay a couple of days with us, Ann – Mary said.
9. Please, don’t speak so loudly in the museum – said the guide.
10. Don’t go skating on such thin ice – said the instructor.
242
1. Let’s ask the militiaman the way to the Planetarium – said Brian.
2. Let’s better go by air, boys – said Cyril.
3. Let me help you, Mary – said Nina.
4. Let me give you a lift – the driver of the car said to me.
5. Shall I carry this case for you, Ann? – said Cyril.
6. Shall I sit with your baby? – said Mary to me.
7. Shall I post your letters for you? – he asked.
1. Mary said: «I must go now.»
2. Helen said: «They should try a little harder»
3. The teacher said: «You may stay if you like.»
4. Jack said: «I can’t hear what the lecturer is saying.»
5. Susan said: «You ought to take an umbrella; it’s raining.»
6. The coach said: «You can do it better if you try.»
7. Mary said: «I must get up early every morning.»
8. The doctor said: «You will have to stay in bed for a week.»
9. The doctor said: «You may not smoke in the hospital.»
10. Lily said: «He had better pay me back.»
11. Alex said: «We can come soon.»
Слова приветствия, прощания, знакомства, извинения, благодар-
ности, поздравления и т. п., звучат в косвенной речи описательно.
Hello – said Bob.
Bob greeted me.
Боб поздоровался со мной.
1.Steward said that he … any dessert as he was full.
1. hadn’t wanted 3. doesn’t want
2. didn’t want 4. wasn’t wanted
243
2. Derek said that he and Belinda … Adam yesterday.
1. saw 3. had seen
2. have seen 4. was seeing
3. When I called, Susie said she… the dog a bath so she asked me to phone
back .
1. was giving 3. has been giving
2. gave 4. is giving
4. Marcus said that he … to find a flat for ages before he finally found one
he liked.
1. had trying 3. had been trying
2. was trying 4. tried
5. Debora says she … to quit her job but I don’t believe her.
1. decided 3. was decided
2. has decided 4. decides
6. Our English teacher said that Shakespeare … probably the greatest writer
in English literature.
1. had been 3. has been
2. was being 4. is
7. Richard said that he and Pat … his and her parents for the weekend.
1. had invite 3. invited
2. had invited 4. were invite
8. Charlotte said last night that she really … me.
1. was loving 3. has been loved
2. is loving 4. loved
9. Oliver said to me that he … Linda to be his best friend.
1. had asked 3. is being asked
2. was asking 4. asked
10. Peter promised Francis that he … smoking.
1. stopped 3. were stop
2. would stop 4. will stopped
11. On Monday my boss said I … Wednesday off.
1. could took 3. can take
2. can took 4. could take
12. The receptionist said that if I … to have breakfast I … have to pay extra
money.
1. wanted, would 3. want, will
2. would want, would 4. wanted, will
13. Did Mrs. Morgan say why … ?
1. has she called 3. she had called
2. she called 4. had she called
244
14. Paul said he … here tomorrow at about nine.
1. should was 3. should will be
2. should is 4. should be
15. Dan asked if … to Liverpool that night.
1. I was going 3. I would going
2. I will be going 4. would I go
16. Tonia asked us if … around to watch the football with us.
1. she can came 3. could she come
2. she could come 4. could she came
17. My mum asked me if … my ear pierced.
1. I had had 3. had I have
2. I have 4. have I had
18. He asked her what … between a refugee and an asylum seeker.
1. was being the difference 3. is the difference
2. was the difference 4. the difference is
19. I asked them when … on holiday last time.
1. they were 3. they had been
2. had they been 4. were they
20. Simon asked me how … to get to Manchester the next day.
1. I was going 3. I were going
2. was I gone 4. would I going
21. Megan asked Carl what … him the right to speak like that.
1. has been given 3. gives
2. gave 4. was given
22. The police officer demanded to know whether … anywhere near Fifth
Avenue the previous night.
1. Julian had been 3. had Julian been
2. Julian was 4. was Julian
23. Ben said that everything … different the day before.
1. was 3. had been
2. was being 4. were
24. Tina said she didn’t know why … her recently.
1. haven’t they contacted 3. weren’t they contacted
2. they hadn’t contacted 4. they wasn’t contacted
25. The Pattersons said that their eldest daughter … a job.
1. had been got 3. was just got
2. has just got 4. had just got
26. It is interesting to know what … there.
1. they do 3. do they do
2. they are doing 4. are they doing
245
27. She said she … home at that time the following week.
1. would be traveling 3. will be traveling
2. will travel 4. would travel
28. Do you know whose work they ….
1. discuss 3. were discussing
2. are discussing 4. discussed
29. He said that the earth … round.
1. is 3. was
2. been 4. has been
30. Lucy said that East or West home … best.
1. was 3. is
2. been 4. has been
31. I didn’t know he … a new book.
1. wrote 3. writes
2. has written 4. had written
32. He said he … all afternoon.
1. has been sunbathing 3. was sunbathing
2. had been sunbathing 4. is sunbathing
33. The teacher said that the rain and the wind … mountains.
1. were ruined 3. are ruin
2. ruin 4. ruins
34. He said that if he … me, he … the college.
1. was, would enter 3. were, would enter
2. were, will enter 4. was, will enter
35. Tom showed me which exercises he ….
1. does 3. had done
2. has done 4. will do
36. The coach said that if they … well, they ….
1. played, would win 3. played, won
2. play, will win 4. had played, would have won
37. He said that she … to see a doctor.
1. ought 3. might
2. could 4. must
38. I’ve heard that he … back to Moscow tomorrow.
1. came 3. come
2. is coming 4. has come
39. She said that they … to Australia two years before.
1. have been 3. were
2. had been 4. will be
246
40. He asked me how much money I ….
1. had 3. has
2. have 4. will have
41. She asked Tim if he really … that poem.
1. had written 3. wrote
2. has written 4. writes
42. I saw what he ….
1. means 3. is meaning
2. meant 4. has meant
43. He asks if that bicycle … to anyone.
1. belonged 3. is belonging
2. belongs 4. had belonged
44. She thought it … curious.
1. will be 3. was
2. is 4. has been
45. I had no doubt that you … enter the BNTU.
1. will 3. can
2. may 4. would
46. He asks who … his tooth brush.
1. had used 3. used
2. has used 4. using
47. She asked Sue if she … to York before.
1. had been 3. was
2. has been 4. is
48. She advised me not … so much meat.
1. eat 3. eaten
2. ate 4. to eat
49. He threatened to shoot me if I … him the money.
1. didn’t give 3. wouldn’t give
2. don’t give 4. hadn’t give
50. When they came and found what the soldiers of Pharaoh … they
became angry.
1. did 3. had done
2. has done 4. were done
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(Non – Finite Forms of the Verb)
(The Infinitive)
Инфинитив – неопределенная форма глагола – представляет со-
бой неличную глагольную форму, которая только называет действие,
не указывая ни лица, ни числа. Инфинитив отвечает на вопросы что
делать? Что сделать? – читать, прочесть; – покупать,
купить; – продавать, продать.
Формальным признаком инфинитива является частица которая
не имеет самостоятельного значения. Частица to перед инфинитивом
часто опускается.
is very important in our life.
Читать – очень важно в жизни.
Your duty was us about it immediately.
Ваш долг сообщить нам об этом немедленно.
Не began the letter.
Он начал переводить письмо.
They asked us the goods in May.
Они попросили поставить товар в мае.
Не expressed a desire these books.
Он выразил желание заказать эти книги.
I went to the station our teacher.
Я пошел на вокзал проводить нашего учителя.
В английском языке переходные глаголы имеют четыре формы
инфинитива в действительном залоге и две формы в страдательном
залоге.
248
Active Passive
Indefinite
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
I am happy it. Я счастлив слышать это.
относится к настоящему или будущему времени.)
I am happy it. Я счастлив, что услышал это.
относится к прошедшему времени или когда речь идет о завершенном действии).
They happened near the news-agent at the moment.
В тот момент они как раз стояли около газетного киоска.
употребляется, когда действие происходит в данный момент
[временное действие]).
She appeared the book since she took it into her
hands. Оказалось, что она читает книгу с тех пор как взяла ее в руки.
показывает, что действие началось и
продолжается по настоящее время.)
I’m happy the party. Я счастлива, что приглашена на
вечеринку.
She regretted the party. Она сожалела, что
ее не пригласили на вечеринку.
Отрицательная частица not ставится перед инфинитивом:
to ask
to be asking
to have asked
to have been asking
to be asked
to have been asked
1. Как было указано выше, инфинитиву обычно предшествует частица
Если в предложении стоят рядом два инфинитива, соединенные
союзом или , то частица to перед вторым из них обычно
опускается:
I intend on him and this question.
Частица to употребляется:
2. После
для выражения особого
предпочтения.
in tonight.
Я бы предпочел остаться вечером дома.
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3. После некоторых глаголов:
to давать, приносить, позволять
соглашаться
целиться
появляться
приводить в порядок
спрашивать
пытаться
просить, умолять
заботиться
выбирать
решать
требовать
ожидать
не хватать
бороться
гарантировать
происходить
колебаться
надеяться
намериваться
управлять
нуждаться
предлагать
планировать
готовить
претендовать, притворяться
обещать
отказывать
казаться
направляться, заботиться
угрожать
беспокоить
хотеть
желать
He at 10.00.
Он обещал вернуться к 10 часам.
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