Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Тренажер по английскому языку – 2 углубленный курс подготовки к централизованному тестированию и экзамену
.pdf
18. I couldn’t understand what he … about all that time.
1) spoke 3) speaks
2) is speaking 4) was speaking
19. My dear father used to say that a cat in gloves … no mice.
1) caught 3) was catching
2) is catching 4) catches
20. We didn’t even guess that he … driving courses since last month.
1) had been attending 3) had attended
2) have been attended 4) was attending
(Direct and Indirect Speech)
Косвенная речь – это преобразованная на основе особых правил
прямая речь, обрамленная речью рассказчика.
1. Утверждение в прямой речи представляет собой простое или сложное повествовательное предложение. При изменении его в косвенную речь образуется сложноподчиненное предложение. Слова автора становятся главным предложением, а прямая речь трансформируется в придаточное дополнительное предложение, вводимое
союзом (который часто опускается).
2. Видо-временная форма глагола-сказуемого придаточного предло
жения в косвенной речи будет употребляться в соответствии с правилом согласования времен. Изменения форм глагола представлены в таблице в разделе «Согласование времен».
Sara: «I have lost my umbrella.»
Главное предложение Придаточное предложение
Sara
Сара говорит,
Sarato me
Сара сказала мне,
(that)
что
that
что
she her umbrella.
она потеряла свой зонтик
she her umbrella.
она потеряла свой зонтик
231
-
3. В косвенной речи происходит следующая замена наречий места и
времени, а также указательных местоимений.
now
here
this, these
today
tomorrow
yesterday
next (week)
last (week)
ago
4. Утверждения в косвенной речи вводятся обычно глаголами
и to .
Глагол to может употребляться как в прямой, так и в косвенной
речи:
• в том случае, когда нет указания на лицо, которому делается
сообщение. За ним следует придаточное предложение, которое
вводится союзом :
The teacher , «The dictation is very difficult.»
Учитель сказал: «Диктант очень сложный».
The teacher the dictation was very difficult.
Учитель сказал, что диктант очень сложный.
• или же тогда, когда лицо, к которому обращена прямая речь извест
но. За ним следует косвенное дополнение с предлогом
, а затем придаточное предложение с союзом :
The professor the student, «Your test is very good.»
Профессор сказал студенту: «Ваша контрольная работа очень хо-
рошая».
The professor the student his test was good.
Профессор сказал студенту, что его контрольная работа очень хо-
рошая.
then
there
that, those
that day
the next day, the following day, the day after
the day before, the previous day
the following week
the previous week
before, previously
-
5. Глагол
речи () и в тех предложениях, где есть обращение к какому-либо лицу. Онвсегда имеет при себе косвенное
дополнение без предлога
232
to в свою очередь, употребляется только в косвенной
Peter said, «Mum, I’ll come home late.»
Питер сказал: «Мама, я приду домой поздно».
Peter told his mother (me, us) that he would come home late.
Питер сказал своей матери (мне, нам), что придет домой поздно.
6. Для передачи косвенной речи используется и ряд других глаголов:
отмечать
информировать
отвечать
и многие другие.
упоминать
объяснять
обещать
говорить в ответ
1. Mary told us that we … the books.
1) can exchange 3) can exchanged
2) could exchange 4) could exchanged
2. Linda says that she … with her aunt’s bags and boxes yesterday.
1) has to help 3) had to help
2) had to helped 4) has help
3. Marina said that she … her ticket.
1) had lost 3) lost
2) have lost 4) loses
4. She told her parents that she … in the reading room at that moment.
1) is working 3) has been working
2) will be working 4) was working
5. Mary explained us that her father … to do all those repairs by himself.
1) wouldn’t be able 3) won’t be able
2) won’t able 4) wouldn’t able
6. Mum says to my Dad that she … cleaning by the noon.
1) will finish 3) would finish
2) will have finished 4) will finished
7. He told me that his mobile phone … out of action all day.
1) is 3) has been
2) was 4) had been
233
8. Janice said yesterday that she wished she … still young.
1) will be 3) had been
2) were 4) has been
9. Tom says that he … this computer yet.
1) hadn’t installed 3) hasn’t installed
2) didn’t install 4) doesn’t install
10. Alex promises me that he … his English.
1) will improve 3) would improve
2) would have improved 4) will have improved
Как специальные, так и общие вопросы в косвенной речи стано-
вятся придаточными предложениями с
Прямой порядок слов
Ann asked me where that dress.
Обратный порядок слов
Where this dress?
Rose me
либо
She to
know
She
и т.д
1. Специа
ми местоимениями, которые становятся союзными словами. Легче
всего преобразовать в косвенную речь вопросы к подлежащему,
начинающиеся с вопросительных слов , так как в кос-
234
льные вопросы в косвенной речи вводятся вопросительны-
who – had bought a new house.
why
where
when
what
house
Bill had bought
Bill had
bought.
a new house.
–
венной речи сохраняется структура прямого вопроса и остается
только соблюдать правила согласования времен
2. Остальные специальные вопросы в косвенной речи изменяют свою
структуру: обратный порядок слов заменяется прямым (подлежащее следует непосредственно за союзным словом).
3. Особого внимания требуют предложения, в которых вопрос зада
ется к определению подлежащего, дополнения или обстоятельств.
Как в прямом, так и в косвенном вопросе определение и определяемое слово располагаются рядом:
«What mark have I got?» Mike asked the teacher.
«Какую оценку я получил?» – спросил Майк у учителя.
Mike wanted to know he had got.
Майк поинтересовался у учителя, какую оценку он получил.
4. Некоторые вопросы, особенно с глаголом могут быть переданы:
1) простым предложением, в котором после глагола следуете
прямое дополнение:
What is your name? What is the time?
He asked my name. He asked me the time.
2) придаточным дополнительным предложением с глаголом to ,
где может быть как прямой, так и обратный порядок слов:
Не asked me what my name was.
He asked me what was my name.
-
1. Andy asked the coach how long it usually … to learn to play golf.
1) takes 3) taken
2) took 4) take
2. Alice asked me how long I … .
1) had been waiting 3) was waiting
2) am waiting 4) have been waiting
3. Mark wanted to know what … .
1) had he got mark 3) mark had he got
2) he had got mark 4) mark he had got
4. My friend asked me where I … for my summer holiday.
1) will go 3) would go
2) will be going 4) would have gone
235
5. Nina asks me why I … Mary again.
1) should seen 3) shoulded see
2) should see 4) should to see
6. I asked her what her husband … for a living, when they left Rome.
1) would do 3) will did
2) would done 4) would does
7. The teacher asked who the greatest England’s dramatist … .
1) is 3) was
2) been 4) had been
8. The Englishman wants to know how long I … in Glasgow.
1) had been living 3) am living
2) have been living 4) was living
9. Mother asked me when I … to hear the results of the examination.
1) is expected 3) expected
2) expect 4) would expected
10. The new student asked me who … the tall girl at the front desk.
1) was 3) is
2) were 4) has been
11. I always ask a beautiful girl where … .
1) are the nearest post office 3) will be the nearest post office
2) the nearest post office was 4) the nearest post office is
12. Mother asked me why … .
1) I looked so pale 3) did looked I so pale
2) I look so pale 4) did I look so pale
13. The salesgirl asks what … .
1) I wore gloves 3) I gloves wear
2) gloves I wear 4) I wear gloves
14. The doctor wondered how long … .
1) had I a high temperature 3) I had had a high temperature
2) had I have a high temperature 4) I have had a high temperature
15. Larry asks me what … in my spare time.
1) do I do 3) I doing
2) I do 4) I did
16. The teacher wanted to know how many English books …since May.
1) have we read 3) we had read
2) had we read 4) we have read
236
17. The customer asked the salesman what … .
1) the advantages of this TV-set were.
2) were the advantages of this TV-set
3) are the advantages of this TV-set
4) the advantages of this TV-set are
18. Marina asks me how many people … to my party yesterday.
1) come 3) had come
2) was coming 4) came
19. I asked Nora who … about the exhibition.
1) told her 3) has told her
2) had told her 4) have told her
20. We asked a passer-by how … to the nearest metro station.
1) we could get 3) could we get
2) can we get 4) we can get
They me if
She me if
1. Общие вопросы, начинающиеся со вспомогательного или модаль
ного глагола, вводятся в косвенной речи союзами или ,
которые имеют значение частицы ли Союз или , помещается перед косвенным общим вопросом, который приобретает
структуру утверждения с прямым порядком слов. Вспомогательные глаголы опускаются, остальные
а также модальные глаголы, употребляются по правилу
согласования времен.
their question.
her question.
whether
whether
he could
I can answer
(have
answered,
will answer)
answer
(had
answered,
would
answer)
-
237
«Do you live far from the university?» the dean asked Victor.
«Ты живешь далеко от университета?» – спросил у Виктора декан.
The dean asked Victor far from the university.
Декан поинтересовался у Виктора, далеко ли он живет от универ-
ситета.
2. Краткие ответы на общие вопросы – в косвенной речи передают
ся путем повторения вспомогательного (или модального) глагола,
который содержится в кратком прямом ответе. Этот глагол может
меняться в соответствии с правилом согласования времен и вводится союзом
– Have you been here before?
– Yes, I have.
He asked me if I had been there before and I said that I
1. The manager asked the customer if … any complaints to make.
1) he had 3) had he
2) he has 4) he had had
2. We ask our teacher if … to have a written test.
1) we were going 3) going we are
2) we are going 4) were we going
3. I asked the lady whether … to have her hair cut.
1) wanted she 3) she wanted
2) did she want 4) she want
4. I asked the examiner if … my exam.
1) I pass 3) had I passed
2) have I passed 4) I had passed
5. Alice asked Ann whether … in photography.
1) she is interested 3) was she interested
2) is she interesting 4) she was interested
6. The manager asked his secretary if … .
1) has the letter been typed 3) the letter had been typed
2) had been the letter typed 4) the letter has been typed
7. Alice asked her guests if … some cookies.
1) they like 3) they would like
2) would they like 4) will they like
-
238
8. Nelly asked the doctor whether … the medicine twice a day.
1) she should take 3) she should took
2) should she take 4) should she took
9. The boys asked the instructor if … a team to play volley-ball.
1) they could made up 3) can they make up
2) they could make up 4) they can make up
10. I asked Mila if … .
1) her poems been published
2) had been published her poems
3) have her poems been published
4) her poems had been published
11. My brother asked me whether … how to handle that play-station.
1) I know 3) I knew
2) did I know 4) I known
12. I asked the office manager if … a telephone call.
1) I could make 3) I can made
2) could I make 4) I could made
13. Nora asked Oleg whether … her a lift.
1) will he give 3) would he give
2) he would give 4) he would gave
14. We asked the secretary if … to have a meeting the next day.
1) they are going 3) were they going
2) are they going 4) they were going
15. I asked Helen if … in the seminar two days before.
1) did she take part 3) she had taken part
2) had she take part 4) she took part
, имеющие значение выбора одного из
двух лиц (предметов, действий, качеств и т. д.) в косвенной речи передаются по правилу общих вопросов.
«Do you does your mother usually do shopping?» my friend asked me.
«Ты или твоя мама обычно ходит в магазин за покупками?» – спро-
сил у меня мой друг.
My friend wanted to know usually did shopping in
our family.
Мой друг поинтересовался, кто обычно в нашей семье ходит в ма-
газин за покупками я или моя мама.
239
«What dishes do you prefer: meat fish?» asked the waiter.
«Какие блюда вы предпочитаете: мясные или рыбные?» – спросил
официант.
The waiter asked me what dishes I preferred:
Официант поинтересовался, какие блюда я предпочитаю: мясные
или рыбные.
Bob wonders if
Tim asked
Katie
whether
if
whether
Tom
Brian
she would pay in cash by credit
has phoned him this morning.
card
1. «What does Fred do? Does he study or work?» the administrator asked.
2. «What did the man do? Did he wait on the platform or did he go away?»
asked the detective.
3. «Who have you just spoken with? Is it a manager or a secretary?» the
mother asked her daughter.
4. «Who did you give the dictionary to? Was that the Dean or the librarian?»
asked the teacher.
5. «Do you want to enter the University or do you want to apply for a job?»
I asked my friend.
6. «How many subjects did you have yesterday? Did you have two or three
subjects?» she asked.
7. «Did you pass your exam in English or did you fail it?» my friend
asked.
8. «Is banana a tree or a bush?» I asked him.
9. « Do you have two or three hamsters?» Brian asked.
10. «Have you washed up all the cups or not?» mother asked.
11. «Are you reading for examination or for your own pleasure?» my friend
asked.
240
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]