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8. People who are overweight run a risk of a heart attack or
stroke.
9. With a look of horror, he asked if the doctor thought he had
cancer.
10. I only had time for a quick snack.
11. Of course you can bring your date to the party.
12. There is a direct correlation between exposure to sun and skin
cancer.
13. She’s been dating him for months, but it’s still not very serious.
14. What percentage of the U.S. population are overweight?
15. The spice imparts an Eastern flavor to the dish.
16. He worked in a hospital for ten years nursing cancer patients.
17. She’s starving herself in order to lose weight.
18. Ferocious beasts oppose good forces in fairy tales.
19. It is possible that in the course of time a cure for cancer will be
found.
20. This is the spice used extensively in Eastern cooking.
21. A snack might be anything, from a chicken leg or a hot dog to
a bar of chocolate.
22. Snack foods are regarded as having very little benefit to your
health.
23. What an ingenious gadget!
24. The illness was diagnosed as cancer.
25. With her ingenuous smile, she looked like a child.
II. Paraphrase using the active vocabulary:
1. This is a very clever device for the kitchen.
2. She looked very beautiful and made me stare at her like an
imbecile.
3. He answered aggressively as if he was hurt deeply.
4. I want a small meal right now; otherwise I would suffer from
the lack of food.
5. He is so annoyed because of his obesity.
6. Clever new ideas can change the world.
7. He feels thirsty because of his physical condition caused by a
131
8. I haven’t had a romantic relationship with anybody since I
broke up with Judith.
9. She felt as if she hadn’t been given enough of good movies.
10. I don’t have time even for a small meal.
11. Being a millionaire, she’s able to afford everything.
12. I’m hungry; I want to have a bite.
13. She is very beautiful, every man dreams of going out with her.
14. David is annoyed, because the main course is too hot.
III. Below are words from the active, each followed by a group
of synonyms and antonyms. Decide which is a synonym
and which is an antonym referring to the context the word
is used in:
ferocious: wild, savage, tender, aggressive, violent, strong, fierce,
cruel, peaceful, destructive, angry, gentle
ingenious: clever, suitable, smart, flexible, inadequate, skillful,
creative, stupid, resourceful, imaginative, outstanding, extraordinary
overweight: obese, fat, slim, thick, thin, blimp, slender, plump
IV. Translate into English using the active vocabulary:
1. Подливка, приправленная ароматными специями, очень
подходит к любому мясному блюду.
2. Ежегодно от рака умирают тысячи людей.
3. Курение увеличивает риск заболевания раком.
4. Шторм невероятной силы разразился на побережье.
5. Похудев на 20 килограмм, моя сестра стала выглядеть, как
картинка.
6. Люди, страдающие ожирением, часто прибегают к помощи
пластической хир
7. Он такой тучный, ему надо сесть на диету.
8. Моя бабушка страдает от высокого давления.
9. Как насчет того, чтобы перекусить? Я бы съел тост с
плавленым сыром и выпил чашечку кофе без кофеина.
10. Бобы могут заменять мясные блюда по калорийности, но
не по вкусу.
ургии.
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11. Приправь специями пирог, он будет намного вкуснее.
12. Она очень изобретательна в умении добиваться всего, чего
захочет.
13. Очень важно следить за уровнем холестерина в крови.
14. Врачи говорят, что овсяная каша полезна для здоровья.
15. Не стоит морить себя голодом месяцами, чтобы потом
снова набрать вес.
16. Эта книга п
лишним весом.
17. Она оказалась очень изобретательной и быстро решила
проблему.
18. Я считаю, что продукты, содержащие отруби, отврати-
тельны на вкус, но очень полезны.
19. Мне кажется, салат следует приправить низкокалорийной
сметаной. Никто из гостей не расстроится, ведь многие
сидят на диете.
20. Я скорее бу
отвратительные безвкусные овсяные хлопья.
21. В прошлую пятницу в Нью-Йорке был сильный снегопад,
но многие жители проявили изобретательность и смоглитаки добраться до работы.
22. Я стараюсь похудеть, но ничего не получается. Меня это
приводит в отчаяние!
V. Divide the text into parts, distribute them between the
members of the group and translate them into Russian. Try to
reproduce the author’s humor in translation.
редлагает очень разумные методы борьбы с
ду морить себя голодом, чем есть эти
ESSAY TOPICS
1. Fast food restaurants are a
2. Russian society is becoming more and more Americanized
from the point of view of eating habits.
3. Is it possible to make up a balanced diet based only on junk
food?
4. “One should eat to live, not live to eat.” Can this statement be
referred to fast food?
beneficial business.
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ROUND-UP ACTIVITIES
1. Use the Internet, books, and other sources to find pictures
illustrating the foods mentioned in the unit. Work as a group to
create a picture gallery of American food.
2. Find recipes of American food. Organize a potluck event with
each student contributing an American dish.
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Unit 7
AMERICAN LIFE STYLE
PREREADING
Answer the questions:
1. How do you usually get to the university? Do you have a car of
your own?
2. If you make up your mind to take up sports, what would you
prefer: to go jogging somewhere nearby or to have a special
training program and a coach? Justify your choice.
TEXT 1
WHY NO ONE WALKS
I’ll tell you this, but you have to promise that it will get no
further. Not long after we moved here we had the people next door
—
round for dinner and I swear this is true
I was astounded (I recall asking them jokingly if they used a light
aircraft to get to the supermarket, which simply drew blank looks
and the mental scratching of my name from all future invitation
lists), but I have since come to realize that there was nothing
especially odd in their driving less than a couple of hundred feet to
visit us. Nobody walks anywhere in America nowadays.
A researcher at the University of California at Berkeley recently
made a study of the nation’s
per cent of people in the United States are ‘essentially’ sedentary and
35 per cent are ‘totally’ sedentary. The average American walks less
than 75 miles a year — about 1.4 miles a week, barely 350 yards a
day. I’m no stranger to sloth myself, but that’s appallingly little. I
rack up more mileage than that just looking for the channel changer.
One of the things we wanted when we moved to America was to
live in a town within walking distance of shops. Hanover, where we
settled, is a small, typical New England college town, pleasant,
sedate and compact. It has a broad green, an old-fashioned Main
Street, nice college buildings with big lawns, and leafy residential
streets. It is, in short, an agreeable, easy place to stroll. Nearly
walking habits and concluded that 85
they drove.
135
everyone in town is within a level five-minute walk of the shops, and
yet as far as I can tell virtually no one does.
I walk to town nearly every day when I am at home. I go to the
post office or library or the local bookshop, and sometimes, if I am
feeling particularly debonair, I stop at Rosey Jekes Café for a
cappuccino. Every few weeks or so I call in at the barbershop and let
one of the guys there do something rash and lively with my hair. All
this is a big part of my life and I wouldn’t dream of doing it other
than on foot. People have got used to this curious and eccentric
behaviour now, but several times in the early days passing
neighbours would slow by the kerb and ask if I wanted a lift.
‘But I’m going your way,’ they would insist when I politely
declined. ‘Really, it’s no bother.’
‘Honestly, I enjoy walking.’
‘Well, if you’re absolutely sure,’ they would say and depart
reluctantly, even guiltily, as if they felt they were leaving the
scene of an accident.
People have become so habituated to using the car for
everything that it would never occur to them to unfurl their legs
and see what they can do. Sometimes it’s almost ludicrous. The
other day I was in a little nearby town called Etna waiting to bring
home one of my children from a piano lesson when a car stopped
outside the local post office and a man about my age popped out
and dashed inside (and left the motor running — something else
that exercises me inordinately). He was inside for about three or
four minutes, then came out, got in the car and drove exactly 16
feet (I had nothing better to do so I spaced it off) to the general
store next door, and popped in again, engine still running.
And the thing is this man looked really fit. I’m sure he jogs
extravagant distances and plays squash and does all kinds of
exuberantly healthful things, but I am just as sure that he drives to
each of these undertakings. It’s crazy. An acquaintance of ours
was complaining the other day about the difficulty of finding a
place to park outside the local gymnasium. She goes there several
times a week to walk on a treadmill. The gymnasium is, at most, a
six-minute walk from her front door. I asked her why she didn’t
walk to the gym and do six minutes less on the treadmill.
136
She looked at me as if I were tragically simple-minded and said,
‘But I have a program for the treadmill. It records my distance and
speed, and I can adjust it for degree of difficulty.’ It had not
occurred to me how thoughtlessly deficient nature is in this regard.
According to a concerned and faintly horrified recent editorial
in the
of its $25 billion-a-year roads budget on facilities for pedestrians.
Actually, I’m surprised it’s that much. Go to almost any suburb
developed in the last thirty years — and there are thousands to
choose from — and you will not find a pavement anywhere. Often
you won’t find a single pedestrian-crossing. I am not exaggerating.
driving across Maine and stopped for coffee in one of those
endless zones of shopping malls, motels, petrol stations and fastfood places that sprout everywhere in America these days. I
noticed there was a bookshop across the street, so I decided to skip
coffee and pop over. I needed a particular book and anyway I
figured this would give my wife a chance to spend some important
private quality time with four restive, overheated children.
discovered that there was no way to get there on foot. There was a
traffic crossing for cars, but no provision for pedestrians and no
way to cross without dodging through three lanes of swiftly
turning traffic. I had to get in the car and drive across. At the time
it seemed ridiculous and exasperating, but afterwards I realized
that I was probably the only person ever even to have entertained
the notion of negotiating that intersection on foot.
walk anywhere, and woe to anyone who tries to make them, as a town
here in New Hampshire called Laconia discovered to its cost. A few
years ago Laconia spent $5 million pedestrianizing its town centre, to
make it a pleasant shopping environment. Aesthetically it was a
triumph — urban planners came from all over to coo and take
photos — but commercially it was a disaster. Forced to walk one
whole block from a car park, shoppers abandoned downtown Laconia
for suburban malls.
Boston Globe,
I had this brought home to me last summer when we were
Although the bookshop was no more than 50 or 60 feet away, I
The fact is, Americans not only don’t walk
the United States spends less than 1 per cent
anywhere, they won’t
137
In 1994 Laconia dug up its pretty brick paving, took away the
benches and tubs of geraniums and decorative trees, and put the street
back to the way it had been in the first place. Now people can park
right in front of the shops again and downtown Laconia thrives anew.
And if that isn’t sad, I don’t know what is.
NOTES
1. Pay attention to the difference in the following American
and British terms:
AmE shop — небольшой специализированный магазин
cf. BrE shop — любой магазин (= AmE store)
AmE bookstore cf. BrE bookshop — книжный магазин
AmE sidewalk
дорожка
AmE sidewalk
1
cf. BrE footpath — тропинка, пешеходная
2
cf. BrE pavement — тротуар
AmE gas station cf. BrE petrol station — автозаправочная
станция
AmE downtown cf. BrE town centre — центр города
2. Pay attention to the difference in the following American
and British spellings:
AmE behavior cf. BrE behaviour
AmE neighbor cf. BrE
neighbour
AmE curb cf. BrE kerb
AmE program cf. BrE programme
AmE center cf. BrE centre
CULTURAL ASSOCIATIONS
Look up the following entries in the Dictionary of U. S. Life and
Culture (Жизнь и культура США: Лингвострановедческий
словарь) or other dictionaries and encyclopedias:
Berkeley
billion
downtown
fast-food
138
Main Street
mile
New Hampshire
quality time
shopping mall
squash
supermarket
University of California
yard
COMPREHENSION CHECK
1. Give equivalents in the Russian measurement system for the
following: a couple hundred feet; 1.4 miles; 350 yards; 16 feet;
50 feet.
2. Would it look odd to you if your neighbor who lives within
walking distance of your house drove this distance?
3. What kind of research was recently done at the University of
California?
4. Describe the place where the writer and his family settled.
5. Why do people consider the writer’s behavior to be eccentric
and curious?
6. Why does it look ridiculous to the author when people drive
very short distances instead of walking?
7. Comment on the situation with the lady who had a program for
the treadmill.
8. Are all American towns and suburbs equipped with sidewalks?
9. How does the author prove that there is a lack of pedestrian-
crossings in newly built suburbs and even big cities?
10. Explain the following phrases: “
walk
anywhere, they won’t walk anywhere”; “Laconia spent
$5 million pedestrianizing its town centre.”
11. Why did downtown Laconia in New Hampshire become so
unpopular? What had to be done to make it prosperous again?
139
Americans not only don’t
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
within walking distance (of) — at a distance that one can easily
walk on foot; a rather short distance.
within a five-minute walk (of/from) — at a distance that a person
walks in 5 minutes.
ludicrous
suggestion. What a ludicrous question! Granddad looks
ludicrous in Grandma’s old sunhat.
to jog v — 1. to run slowly and steadily for a long time, esp. for
exercise.
hit something lightly and by accident, to nudge:
jogged her elbow, making her spill her coffee.
jog n —
in the park.
jog to wake her up.
exuberant
exuberant personality / imagination; a picture painted in
exuberant reds and yellows.
healthy; growing quickly and well.
gymnasium n
1. a room or hall with equipment for doing physical exercise,
for example in a school:
2. physical exercises done in a gym, esp. as a school subject:
gym lesson; gym shoes
treadmill n — 1. [esp. in the past] a large wheel turned by the
weight of people or animals walking on steps around its inside
edge, and used to operate machinery. 2. an exercise machine
that has a moving surface that you can walk or run on while
remaining in the same place. 3. work or a way of life that is
boring or tiring because it involves always doing the same
things:
adj —
1. slow, steady run, esp. for exercise:
adj —
I’d like to escape the office treadmill.
absurd, ridiculous, unreasonable:
Also to go jogging: I go jogging every evening.
2. a slight shake, push, or knock:
1. full of energy, excitement and happiness:
2. (of plants, etc.) strong and
[pl. gymnasiums or gymnasia] =
to play basketball in the gym.
3. health club:
I just joined a gym.
gym
a ludicrous
Let’s go for a jog
I gave her a little
[informal] —
2. to
Someone
an
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