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Файл:Соединенные Штаты Америки. Учебное пособие
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treat n —
dinner is my treat
enjoyment:
side n
— AmE food served in addition, but not in the same dish: a side
of potato salad.
1. entertainment, food, etc., paid for by another:
. 2. anything that affords particular pleasure or
This trip will be my birthday treat for you.
This
on the side
a side order — ordered separately, along with the main dish: a
side order of cole slaw.
: pork with French fries on the side.
ASSIGNMENTS
I. Translate into Russian paying attention to the active
vocabulary:
1. My grandma usually puts celery into this salad, otherwise it
doesn’t taste right.
2. The fire had consumed half the forest away before it was
stopped.
3. I’ll have waffles with sausage on the side.
4. It is true that microwaves may proliferate as much as television
sets have proliferated.
5. His classmates often laughed at his obesity.
6. The nervous force is consumed equally in mental and in bodily
activities.
7. Nowadays every house is equipped by such conveniences as a
sink, water supply and many others.
8. It’s amazing how many obese people there are in the United
States.
9. It’ll take you several minutes to cover this distance by a trolley
car.
10. Cookies were coated with chocolate. It made them too
nutritious.
11. Some people consume so much food which makes them obese
that it’s hard for them to pass through supermarket aisles.
12. The proliferation of nuclear weapons is a serious problem in
today’s world.
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13. The bride’s guests should take seats on the left side of the aisle.
14. Where’s the peanut butter? — It’s in the fridge, on the bottom
shelf towards the back.
15. Do you like marshmallows toasted on a bonfire? Many kids
think it’s a special treat!
16. I’ll have the chef’s special with a side order of French fries.
17. Obesity can increase the risk of heart attacks.
18. He took his son to the zoo as a birthday treat.
19. I like to knit but it’s very time-consuming.
20. She was looking forward to the day when she would walk up
the aisle.
21. The U.S.A. is a consumer society.
22. Would you like broccoli with your hot dogs? — Yes, I’ll have
some on the side.
23. We import a lot of consumer goods from China.
II. Paraphrase the following sentences using the active
vocabulary:
1. Very fat people are often short of breath because of their
weight.
2. We had to stand in a passage between sections of seats because
there were no vacant seats in the concert hall.
3. I’d like to take you to lunch and I’ll pay for it.
4. Mike decided to take the children to the movies as a special
weekend entertainment.
5. During the 1980s, computer companies increased in numbers
rapidly.
6. The surface of the table was covered with dust.
7. I have always been absorbed with a burning desire to teach
children.
8. I didn’t expect rumors to circulate so fast.
9. I’ll have some veal with boiled potatoes as an addition.
10. Ever since Maggie saw Bill for the first time, it had been her
dream to marry him.
11. Ballroom dancing is a wonderful activity, but it takes up a lot of
time.
12. San Francisc
o streetcars are very popular.
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III. Translate into English using the active vocabulary:
1. Говорят, в Америке очень много тучных людей, и все это
из-за того, что они едят много блюд быстрого
приготовления.
2. Дэн был поглощен идеей совершить плавание по Тихому
океану.
3. Мне не очень нравится арахисовое масло, а американцы
считают, что это объедение.
4. Билл преисполнен чувства вины.
5. Все м
заполнены людьми, так как всем хотелось послушать
выступление любимой группы.
6. Все были так поглощены игрой, что не заметили, как
принесли угощение.
7. Сегодня умывальник и ванна в доме — это уже давно не
роскошь, а часть нашей повседневной жизни.
8. В 80-х годах ХХ в. компьютерные ко
распространялись.
9. Неудивительно, что люди, страдающие ожирением, имеют
много проблем со здоровьем.
10. В этот салат было бы хорошо добавить сельдерея.
11. Он не привык убирать свою комнату, вот почему вся
мебель покрыта толстым слоем пыли.
12. Том страдал от ревности. Он мечтал повести Патрицию
под венец, и ему было невыносим
парнем.
13. Потребительские товары доставляются в Россию cо всего
мира.
14. Я люблю заниматься в спортзале, но это отнимает очень
много времени.
15. Печенье с шоколадной крошкой — это, конечно же, очень
вкусно, но от него можно растолстеть.
16. Ты люби
это такое уж хорошее угощение, но они полезны для
здоровья. Хотя я бы предпочел сливочную помадку и
булочку с корицей.
еста в зале были заняты, даже проходы были
мпании очень быстро
о видеть ее с другим
шь овсяную кашу и хлопья? — Не сказал бы, что
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IV. Below are words from the active, each followed by a group
of synonyms and antonyms. Decide which is a synonym and which
is an antonym referring to the context the word is used in:
treat:
feast, punishment, enjoyment, delight, pleasure
to consume: to
to sell, to
supermarket. Classify them into different categories.
swallow
to proliferate
V. Use the text to make a list of products sold in a
DISCUSSION
1. Why are people so fond of fast food?
2. Do you consider fast food to be healthy and nutritious? Why/
why not?
3. Do you find such products as French fries, pizza, and hot dogs
tasty?
4. How does junk food affect people’s health? Why is it called
junk food?
5. Is junk food market proliferating in Russia?
6. What is the difference (if any) between American and Russian
fast food?
7. What are your personal preferences in food?
8. Do you keep a diet?
9. Do you think that food is as much a part of a country’s culture
as its language and literature?
10. Do you think the level of education influences people’s
preferences in food?
TEXT 2
waste, to produce, to use up, to devour, to buy,
: to spread, to decrease, to increase
ENOUGH ALREADY
I have finally figured out what is wrong with everything. There is
too much of it. I mean by that that there is too much of every single
thing that one could possibly want or need, except time, money, good
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plumbers and people who say thank you when you hold open a door
for them.
America is of course a land of bounteous variety, and for a long
time after we first moved here I was dazzled and gratified by the
wealth of choice everywhere.
For nearly every type of product — frozen pizzas, dog food, ice
creams, biscuits, crisps — the choices were often literally in the
hundreds. When I was a boy shredded wheat was shredded wheat and
that was it. Now you could have it coated in sugar, in bite-sized
morsels, with slices of genuine banana-like material, and goodness
knows what else. I couldn’t have been more impressed.
Lately, however, I have come to realize that you can get too much
choice. I had this brought home to me the other week when I was at an
airport in Portland, Oregon, standing in a queue of about fifteen
people at a coffee stand. It was 5.45 a.m., not my best time of day, and
I had just 20 minutes till my flight was to be called, but I really, really
needed to get some caffeine into my system. You know how it is.
It used to be if you wanted a cup of coffee that’s what you asked
for and that’s what you got. But this place offered twenty choices —
espresso, latte, caramel latte, breve, macchiato, mocha, espresso
mocha, black forest mocha, americano, and goodness knows what else —
in four different sizes. There was also a galaxy of muffins, croissants,
bagels and pastries. All of these could be had in any number of
variations, so that every order went something like this: ‘I’ll have a
caramel latte combo with decaf mocha and a cinnamon twist, and a
low-fat cream cheese sourdough bagel, but I'd like the pimiento grated
and on the side. Are your poppyseeds roasted in polyunsaturated
vegetable oil?’
‘No, we use double-extra-lite canola extract.’ ‘Oh, that’s no good
for me. In that case, I’ll have a New York three-cheese pumpernickel
fudge croissant. What kind of emulsifiers do you use in that?’
In my mind’s eye, I saw myself taking hold of each customer by
the ears, shaking his or her head thirty or forty times and saying:
‘You’re just trying to get a cup of coffee and a bread product before
your flight. Now ask for something simple and clear off.’
Fortunately for all these people, until I have had my first cup of
coffee in the morning, all I can do is rise, dress myself (a bit) and ask
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for a cup of coffee. Anything else is beyond me. So I just stood and
waited stoically while fifteen people placed complex, time-consuming
and preposterously individualized orders.
When at last my turn came, I stepped up and said: ‘I’d like a large
cup of coffee.’
‘What kind?’
‘Hot and in a cup and very large.’
‘Yeah, but what kind — mocha, macchiato, what?’
‘I want whichever one is a normal cup of coffee.’
‘You want americano?’
‘If that means a normal cup of coffee, then yes.’
‘Well, they’re all coffees.’
‘I want a normal cup of coffee like millions of people drink every
day.’
‘So you want an americano?’
‘Evidently.’
‘Do you want low-cal whipped cream or regular with that?’
‘I don’t want whipped cream.’
‘But it comes with whipped cream.’
‘Look,’ I said in a low voice, ‘it is 6.10 a.m. I have been standing for
25 minutes behind fifteen seriously indecisive people, and my flight is
being called. If I don’t get some coffee right now, I am going to murder
someone, and I think you should know that you are extremely high on
my list.’ (I am not, as you will gather, a morning person.)
‘So does that mean you want low-cal whipped cream or regular?’
And so it went.
This abundance of choice not only makes every transaction take
ten times as long as it ought to, but in a strange way actually breeds
dissatisfaction. The more there is, the more people crave, and the more
they crave, the more they, well, crave more. You have a sense in
America of being among millions and millions of people needing
more and more of everything, constantly, infinitely, unquenchably.
We appear to have created a society in which the principal activity is
grazing through retail establishments looking for things — textures,
shapes, flavours — not before encountered.
And it applies to everything. The last time I went for breakfast, I
had to choose among nine options for my eggs (poached, scrambled,
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sunny side up, over easy, and so on), sixteen types of pancake, six
varieties of juice, two shapes of sausage, four kinds of potato and
eight varieties of toast or muffin. I thought I had finished when the
waitress said: ‘Do you want whipped butter, pat butter, margarine,
butter-margarine blend or butter substitute?’
‘You’re joking,’ I said.
‘I don’t joke about butter.’
‘Then pat butter,’ I said weakly.
‘Low-sodium, no-sodium or regular?’
‘Surprise me,’ I answered in a whisper.
To my astonishment, my wife and children love all this. They love
going into an ice cream parlour and being able to choose among
seventy-five flavours of ice cream, and then seventy-five types of
topping to put on that ice cream.
I can’t tell you how I long to go to England and just have a nice
cup of tea and a simple bun, but I’m afraid I am the only person in the
house who feels that way. I trust that my wife and kids will eventually
grow sated by all this, but there is no sign of it happening yet.
NOTES
1. Pay attention to the difference in the following American
and British terms:
AmE biscuit cf. BrE scone — маленькая булочка из пресного
теста, иногда с добавлением сахара, сушеных фруктов и т. д.
AmE. cookie cf. BrE biscuit — сухое печенье
AmE bun — булочка из пресного теста, иногда подслащенная, со
специями, изюмом и т. д. cf. BrE bun — сладкая булочка, пирожное
AmE chips/ potato chips cf. BrE crisps/ potato crisps — чипсы,
хрустящий картофель
AmE line cf. BrE queue — очередь
AmE m
начинкой cf. BrE muffin — плоская булка, которую обычно едят
на завтрак разрезанной пополам и поджаренной, с маслом и
джемом (=AmE English muffin)
uffin — небольшой кекс, выпеченный в форме, часто с
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2. Pay attention to the difference in the following American
and British spellings:
AmE flavor cf. BrE flavour
AmE parlor cf. BrE parlour
CULTURAL ASSOCIATIONS
Look up the following entries in the Dictionary of U. S. Life and
Culture (Жизнь и культура США: Лингвострановедческий
словарь) or other dictionaries and encyclopedias:
a.m.
bagel
cinnamon twist
cream cheese
croissant
decaf
extra-lite
ice-cream parlor
low-cal/ lo-cal
morning person
night person
Oregon
over easy
p.m.
pancake
poached eggs
Portland
pumpernickel
sausage
scrambled eggs
Shredded Wheat
sunny side up
COMPREHENSION CHECK
1. What was the author dazzled by in the U.S.?
2. What are his thoughts about shredded wheat? What kind of
product was it before and what is it like now?
118
3. Why was the author so puzzled when he tried to buy a cup of
coffee in the Portland airport?
4. Comment on his dialogue with the person selling coffee.
5. What did the author mean by “a normal cup of coffee”?
6. How did he feel standing in a long line at such an early hour?
7. According to the author, what does the abundance of choice
breed in people?
8. Is the bounteous variety of choice somehow connected with
American values?
9. Among how many types of eggs and pancakes did he once
have to make a choice?
10. Was it fun or a torture for his wife and children?
11. What kind of person is the author? Characterize him.
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
morsel n — a very small piece of food: just a morsel of cake.
slice n — a thin flat piece of food that has been cut off: a slice of
bread. Cut the meat into thin slices.
to slice v — to cut something into slices: to slice (up) onions; a
sliced loaf. Slice the cucumber thinly.
low-fat/ lo-fat adj — (of food, cookery) containing or using only a
small amount of fat: low-fat skimmed milk; a low-fat way of cooking.
vegetable oil — oil produced from plants, used in cooking and on
salad.
whipped cream/butter — cream/butter that becomes thicker when it
is stirred quickly.
high/low on the list — rated first/last due to the order of importance:
Having to wait hours came high on the list of complaints.
to crave v (for, after) — to have a very strong desire for something: I
crave for a big piece of pizza. She has always craved excitement.
Synonym: to long for.
119
texture n — the way food or drink tastes or feels in your mouth, for
example whether it is rough, smooth, light, heavy, etc.: The two
cheeses were very different in both taste and texture.
margarine n — a food similar to butter made from animal or
vegetable fats, used in cooking or spread on bread, etc. Note: Pay
attention to the pronunciation of the word!
regular adj — AmE of a standard size: Regular or large fries?
to place an order — a request to make or supply goods: I would like
to place an order for ten copies of this book.
topping n — a layer of food that you put on top of a dish, cake, etc. to
add flavor or to make it look nice.
ASSIGNMENTS
I. Translate into Russian paying attention to the active
vocabulary:
1. I crave for a big hamburger.
2. Regular coffee or decaf?
3. Butter can be substituted by margarine in this recipe.
4. Foods which go through a factory process lose much of their
color, flavor and texture.
5. He was craving for a cigarette.
6. For ten months he adhered to a strict no-fat low-salt diet.
7. Slice the potatoes thinly.
8. She had a desperate craving to be loved.
9. He ate it all, down to the last morsel.
10. The bread had a spongy texture.
11. Mark bought a can of tuna in vegetable oil.
12. Use a low-fat spread instead of butter.
13. Would you like to have a morsel of ham with a side order of chips?
14. He cut himself a great thick slice of bread.
15. She craves to walk up the aisle.
16. This cake is coated with sugar, whipped cream and chocolate,
it’s my treat for her birthday.
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