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Файл:Материальные расчеты технологических процессов переработки природных энергоносителей. Физические процессы. Учебное пособие
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɛɚɥɚɧɫɫɬɚɞɢɢɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹɩɚɪɨɜɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɝɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɝɬ ɤɝɱ
Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɵɣ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ
ɩɚɪɵ
1Ɇɉɢɜɨɞɵ
1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
±1Ɇɉ ±1Ɇɉ
±ɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ ±ɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ
ȼɨɞɚ ȼɨɞɚ
Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɵɣ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ
ɩɚɪɵ
1Ɇɉɢɜɨɞɵ
1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
±1Ɇɉ
±ɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ
ȼɨɞɚ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɝɬ ɤɝɱ
Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɵɣ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ
ɩɚɪɵ
1Ɇɉɢɜɨɞɵ
1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
±1Ɇɉ 1Ɇɉ
±ɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ Ɇɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ
ȼɨɞɚ
ɢɡɪɚɡɧɵɯɨɬɩɚɪɧɵɯɤɨɥɨɧɧɜɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɟɩɨɡ10
ɉɪɢɯɨɞ Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ
ɦɚɫɫ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɝɬ ɤɝɱ
ɦɚɫɫ
Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɵɣ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ
ɩɚɪɵ
1Ɇɉɢɜɨɞɵ
1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɂɬɨɝɨ ɂɬɨɝɨ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɬɝɨɧɤɢɩɚɪɨɜɜɨɞɵ
ɢɡɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɝɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɜɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɟɩɨɡ10
ɉɪɢɯɨɞ Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ
ɦɚɫɫ
ȼɨɞɚ
ɂɬɨɝɨ ɂɬɨɝɨ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɝɬ ɤɝɱ
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɢ
ɬɟɥɶ
1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ
ɦɚɫɫ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɛɚɥɚɧɫɫɬɚɞɢɢɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɢɡɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣɩɨɡ9ɢ11
ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ 1ɦɟɬɢɥ
ɩɢɪɪɨɥɢɞɨɧɚɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɜɟɦɤɨɫɬɹɯɩɨɡ9ɢɩɨɡ11ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɜɟ
ɥɢɱɢɧɭɪɚɜɧɭɸ
ɤɝɬ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
±1Ɇɉ±
ɤɝɬ
±ɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ±
ɤɝɬ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɞɨɥɹɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ 1Ɇɉ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɜɟɧ
±1Ɇɉ±
Â
±ɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ±
Â
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜɫɜɨɞɢɦɜɬɚɛɥ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɛɚɥɚɧɫɫɬɚɞɢɢɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɝɬ ɤɝɱ
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɢ
1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ
Ɇɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ Ɇɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɢ
1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ
Ɇɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ
ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɢɡɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣɩɨɡɢ11
ɉɪɢɯɨɞ Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ
ɦɚɫɫ
ɬɟɥɶ
1Ɇɉ 1Ɇɉ
ɬɟɥɶ
1Ɇɉ
ɂɬɨɝɨ ɂɬɨɝɨ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɝɬ ɤɝɱ
Ɋɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ
ɧɵɣ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ
1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ
ɦɚɫɫ
ɋɜɨɞɧɵɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɬɚ,,,ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɝɨɧɚ
Ɇɚɫɫɚɢɡɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨɩɚɪɚɫɦɬɚɛɥɢɪɚɜɧɚ
ɤɝɬ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɡɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɩɨɜɫɟɦɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚɦɬɟɯ
ɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɦ ɬɚɛɥ ± ɫɜɨɞɢɦ ɜ ɫɜɨɞɧɭɸ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɭɞɚɥɹɹ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵɢɩɨ
ɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɫɜɨɞɧɭɸ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɬɚɛɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɬɚ,,,ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɝɨɧɚ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
ɋɜɨɞɧɵɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣɛɚɥɚɧɫɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɝɬ ɤɝɱ
Ɇɚɫɥɹɧɵɣ
ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɬ
ɉɚɪɚɮɢɧɨ
ɧɚɮɬɟɧɨɜɵɟ
Ⱥɪɨɦɚɬɢɱ ±ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱ
ɋɦɨɥɵ ±ɫɦɨɥɵ
1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ
1Ɇɉ ±1Ɇɉ
Ɇɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ ±ɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ
ȼɨɞɹɧɨɣɩɚɪ ɗɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɬɚ,,,ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɝɨɧɚ
ɉɪɢɯɨɞ Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ
ɦɚɫɫ
±ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱ
±ɫɦɨɥɵ
±1Ɇɉ
±ɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɝɬ ɤɝɱ
Ɋɚɮɢɧɚɬ
ɍɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
±ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɨ
ɧɚɮɬɟɧɨɜɵɟ
1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɍɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
±ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɨ
ɧɚɮɬɟɧɨɜɵɟ
1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
ɦɚɫɫ
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 3.12
ɪ
ɉɪɢɯɨɞ Ɋɚɫɯɨɞ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɝɬ ɤɝɱ
ɦɚɫɫ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɝɬ ɤɝɱ
ɦɚɫɫ
ɉɨɬɟɪɢ
1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
±1Ɇɉ
±ɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ
±ɚ
ɍɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
±ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɨ
ɧɚɮɬɟɧɨɜɵɟ
ɨɦɚɬɢɱ
±ɫɦɨɥɵ
Ɋɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ
1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ
1Ɇɉ
Ɇɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ
ȼɨɞɚ
ɂɬɨɝɨ ɂɬɨɝɨ
ɉɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɢɡɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɜ
ɧɚɬɨɧɧɭɜɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɜɱɚɫ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ
ɩɨɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ Ƚɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ Ɍ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɭɬɨɤɢɥɢ
Ɍ Â ɱɝɨɞ
ɉɪɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɩɨɫɵɪɶɸɬɨɧɧɜɝɨɞɉ
ɡɚɱɄɱɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɵɪɶɟɜɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ
Ʉɱ ɉɌ
Ʉɱ ɬɱ
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɧɟɟɜɤɢɥɨ
ɝɪɚɦɦɚɯɧɚɬɨɧɧɭɫɵɪɶɹɢɫɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟɜɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ
ɞɥɹɜɫɟɯɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɭɦɧɨɠɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɚɬɱ ɩɨɥɭ
ɱɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɜ ɱɚɫ ɢ ɜɧɨɫɢɦ ɢɯ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟɝɪɚɮɵɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯɬɚɛɥɢɰ
Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣɩɨɬɨɤ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɝɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩ
ɬɚɛɥ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ
ɩɨɡ24ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣɜɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯɜɱɚɫɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ
 ɤɝɱ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
±ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ±
 ɤɝɱ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
±ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɨɧɚɮɬɟɧɨɜɵɟ
±
 ɤɝɱ
±ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ±
 ɤɝɱ
±ɫɦɨɥɵ±
 ɤɝɱ
±1Ɇɉɬɟɯɧ±
 ɤɝɱ
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
±1Ɇɉ±
 ɤɝɱ
±ɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ±
 ɤɝɬ
ɉɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɢɡɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɜ
ɧɚɬɨɧɧɭɫɵɪɶɹɜɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɧɚɬɨɧɧɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ
ȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨɢɡɬɤɝ
ɫɵɪɶɹɦɚɫɥɹɧɵɣ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɬ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɜɵ
ɯɨɞɢɬɫɦɩɤɝɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨɪɚɮɢɧɚɬɚ
ɉɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫ ɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɨɧɧɭ ɫɵɪɶɹ Ʉɋ
ɧɚɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɧɚɬɨɧɧɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɄɉɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ
Ʉɉ ɬɬ
ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɧɟɟɜɤɢɥɨ
ɝɪɚɦɦɚɯɧɚɬɨɧɧɭɫɵɪɶɹɢɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟɜɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɫɜɨɞɧɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶ
ɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɬɚɛɥ ɭɦɧɨɠɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɚ
ɬɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɧɚ
ɬɨɧɧɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɯɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜɫɵɪɶɹ
Ɉɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɦɚɫɟɥ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɵɪɶɹ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɦɚɫɫɚɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɧɚ ɬɨɧɧɭ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ
ɬɟɞɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɬɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɪɚɮɢɧɚɬɚɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
±ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɝɨɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɬɚ,,,ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɵɣɩɨɝɨɧ±
 ɤɝɬ
±ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨɩɚɪɚɦɚɫɫɵɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨɩɚɪɚɜɡɹɬɵɟɞɥɹɨɬɩɚɪɤɢɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢ
ɬɟɥɹɜɨɬɩɚɪɧɵɯɤɨɥɨɧɧɚɯɫɦɪɢɫɩɨɡ3 ɢ 6ɚ±
 ɤɝɬ
± ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ 1Ɇɉ ɬɟɪɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɡ ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɦ
ɪɢɫɩɨɡ2, 4 – 6ɢɨɬɩɚɪɧɵɯɤɨɥɨɧɧɩɨɡ 3, 6ɚɢɜɨɲɟɞɲɢɟɜɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɯɪɚɮɢɧɚɬɚɢɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬɚ±
ɤɝɬɫɵɪɶɹ
ɗɬɨɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ
ɢɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɟɦ
± ɤɝɬɫɵɪɶɹ
 ɤɝɬ
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɵɪɶɸ
ɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɫɜɨɞɢɦɜɬɚɛɥ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɇɚɫɥɹɧɵɣɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɹɬ ±
1ɦɟɬɢɥɩɢɪɪɨɥɢɞɨɧ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ȼɨɞɹɧɨɣɩɚɪ ±
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɟɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵɩɨɫɵɪɶɸ
Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɣɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɤɝɬ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝ
1Ɇɉ
ȽɈɋɌɊ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ
ɯɯɯ
ɯɯɯ
ɯɯɯ
ȽɅȺȼȺ
ɆȺɌȿɊɂȺɅɖɇɕɃȻȺɅȺɇɋɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȺ
ȾȿɉȺɊȺɎɂɇɂɁȺɐɂɂɊȺɎɂɇȺɌȺ
ɋɊȿȾɇȿȼəɁɄɈȽɈɉɈȽɈɇȺ
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɞɥɹɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɬɨɧɧɜɝɨɞɩɨɫɵɪɶɸ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɜɝɨɞɭ±ɫɭɬɝɨɞ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫȼɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɯɟɦɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
ɧɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɵɺɦɤɨɫɬɢɧɚɫɨɫɵɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢɢɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨ
ɪɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
Ɋɟɰɟɩɬɭɪɚ
±ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɤ ɪɚɮɢɧɚɬɭ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɹɡɤɨɝɨ ɩɨ
ɝɨɧɚɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɧɚɫɬɚɞɢɢɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ±ɧɚɫɬɚɞɢɢɮɢɥɶ
ɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ±
±ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɜɨɞɹɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɧɚɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɨɬɩɚɪɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɡ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɞɟɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚ ɩɨɡ 6 ± ɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɭɧɚɫɬɚɞɢɢɨɬɩɚɪɤɢɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɢɡɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɝɚɱɚɩɨɡ9±
ɩɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸɤɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɭ
ɋɵɪɶɟ±ɝɢɞɪɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɣɪɚɮɢɧɚɬɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɹɡɤɨɝɨɩɨɝɨɧɚɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ȡ
ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯɝɢɞɪɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɦɚɫɟɥɋɌɈ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɫɵɪɶɹɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɐɁɅɜɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯɞɨɥɹɯ
ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɨɧɚɮɬɟɧɨɜɵɟɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ±
ɛɟɧɡɨɥɶɧɵɟɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ±
ɫɦɨɥɵ±
ɫɟɪɚ±
Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶ± ɦɟɬɢɥɷɬɢɥɤɟɬɨɧ ɆɗɄ ɢ ɬɨɥɭɨɥ ɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɦ ɫɨɨɬ
ɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
±ɦɟɬɢɥɷɬɢɥɤɟɬɨɧɆɗɄɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬȽɈɋɌɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ±
ɝɫɦɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹ
±ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ±
±ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ±ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
±ɤɢɫɥɨɬɜɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟɧɚɭɤɫɭɫɧɭɸɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ±
±ɜɨɞɵ±
±ɬɨɥɭɨɥ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ȽɈɋɌ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ± ɝɫɦ
ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹ
±ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ±
±ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ±ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ
±ɧɟɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ±
±ɛɟɧɡɨɥ±
±ɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵɋ
±
Ɍɨɜɚɪɧɵɣɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ±ɞɟɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɦɚɫɥɨ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɞɟɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɐɁɅɜɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ
ɞɨɥɹɯ
ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɨɧɚɮɬɟɧɨɜɵɟɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ±
ɛɟɧɡɨɥɶɧɵɟɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ±
ɫɦɨɥɵ±
ȼɵɯɨɞɞɟɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚɧɚɫɬɚɞɢɢɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɜɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟɧɚɫɵɪɶɟ±ɋɌɈ
ɂɡɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɨɜɵɯɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜɭɞɚɥɹ
ɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɮɢɧɚɬɚ ɜɵɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɪɢ
ɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚɯ
ȼɵɯɨɞɝɚɱɚɧɚɫɬɚɞɢɢɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɜɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟɧɚɫɵɪɶɟ ±
ɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɋɌɈ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɝɚɱɚ
±ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹɞɨɥɹɦɚɫɥɚ±
±ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ±
ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɐɁɅɜɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯɞɨɥɹɯ
±ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɨɜɵɟɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ±
ɛɟɧɡɨɥɶɧɵɟɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɵ±
ɫɦɨɥɵ±
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɨɟɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɢɞɟɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɦɚɫɥɚ
ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɞɟɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɵ
ɪɶɟɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɞɚɧɧɵɦɢɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ȼɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢɞɚɧɧɵɦɢɫɜɟɪɯɚɤɨɥɨɧɧɨɬɝɨ
ɧɹɸɬɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ
±ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚɄ±
±ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚɄ±
±ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚɄ±
±ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚɄ±
±ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚɄ±
±ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚɄ±
±ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚɄ±
ɉɨɬɟɪɢɩɪɢɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɟɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɝɚɱ±ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɟɝɨɫɹɩɪɢɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ
ɆɗɄ±ɨɬɨɛɳɟɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɟɝɨɜɬɜɟɪɞɨɣɮɚɡɟ
ɬɨɥɭɨɥ±ɨɬɨɛɳɟɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɟɝɨɜɬɜɟɪɞɨɣɮɚɡɟ
11 –ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ
1 – ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ 2 – ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ 3 – ɮɢɥɶɬɪ 4, 5, 6 – ɨɬɝɨɧɧɵɟɤɨɥɨɧɧɵɞɥɹɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜɦɚɫɥɚ
Ɋɢɫɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɯɟɦɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɞɟɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɢɡɚɰɢɢɪɚɮɢɧɚɬɚɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɹɡɤɨɝɨɩɨɝɨɧɚ
7 –ɨɬɩɚɪɧɚɹɤɨɥɨɧɧɚɞɥɹɦɚɫɥɚ 8, 9 – ɨɬɝɨɧɧɵɟɤɨɥɨɧɧɵɞɥɹɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜɝɚɱɚ10 – ɨɬɩɚɪɧɚɹɤɨɥɨɧɧɚɞɥɹɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɝɚɱɚ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɛɚɥɚɧɫɚɫɬɚɞɢɢɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɋɯɟɦɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɫɬɚɞɢɢɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɨɡ2ɩɪɢɜɟ
ɞɟɧɚɧɚɪɢɫ
G
G
ɉɨɡ2±
ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ
G
G
¶
Ɋɢɫɋɯɟɦɚɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɨɬɨɤɨɜɫɬɚɞɢɢɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɩɨɡ2)
G±ɪɚɮɢɧɚɬGG¶±ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶG±ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɱɺɬɜɟɞɺɦɧɚ ɬGɫɵɪɶɹ± ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɪɚɮɢɧɚɬɚɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɨ
ɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ
±ɩɚɪɚɮɢɧɨɧɚɮɬɟɧɨɜɵɯɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ±
 ɤɝɬ
±ɛɟɧɡɨɥɶɧɵɯɚɪɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɨɜ±
 ɤɝɬ
±ɫɦɨɥ±
 ɤɝɬ
Ɇɚɫɫɚɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɝɨɜɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵɜɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɦ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɤɪɚɮɢɧɚɬɭ±ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭɪɚɜɧɭɸ
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