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Файл:Дефектология сборник текстов и упражнений по английскому языку. Учебное пособие для СПО
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30. USING MUSIC TO ENHANCE READING SKILLS
Text 30.
Music is a powerful tool and can be used to strengthen the skills needed for
reading. If your child has dyslexia, learning disabilities, or other difficulties learning
to read, exploring music to compensate for the difficulty in learning could be a very
powerful tool. Studies have proven the effectiveness of using music to improve word
identification, letter and sound recognition, and vocabulary. Listed below are some
ways to use the songs to help the development of reading skills:
1. The magic of rhythmic flow of songs can have a positive impact on kids’
vocabulary and recognition of printed words. Because of the constant repetition of the
words, the slower rate, and a child’s familiarity with each word, songs are excellent
choices for reading activities.
2. Pair up pictures with the printed word. Have two picture sheets that can help
your child. Under each picture, the printed phrases are written for your child to
follow along. These song sheets help children to understand the concept of going
from left to right.
3. Combine the pictures and printed words with the songs. Encourage your
child to draw pictures of words to the songs and create your own illustrated books
with the words printed below each picture. These self-made books are fun and
motivating for children.
4. Expose your child to the sounds in words and how those sounds combine to
form words. Songs with rhyming can help children hear the differences in words.
Print the words and use a different color for each final consonant. Your child can
begin not only hearing the similarities and differences in these words but can start
seeing them as well.
ASSIGNMENTS
I. Give equivalents in Russian:
a child’s familiarity, the skills needed for reading, to enhance, the constant
repetition, to expose, self-made, final consonant, to combine, learning disabilities,
powerful tool, a positive impact.
II. Open the brackets using the proper word from the text:
1. Music is a powerful tool and можно использовать) to strengthen (умения)
needed for reading.
2. If your child has (дислексия), learning disabilities, or other difficulties
learning to read ….
3. (поощрять) your child to draw pictures of words to the songs.
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4. The magic of rhythmic flow of songs can have (положительное
воздействие) on kids’ vocabulary and (опознавание) of printed words.
5. (представлять) your child to (звуки) in words and how those (звуки)
combine to form words.
III. Complete the sentences:
1. Music is a powerful tool for…
2. Studies have proven the effectiveness…
3. A child’s familiarity with each word, songs is…
4. These song sheets help children to understand…
5. Encourage your child to draw…
6. These self-made books are fun and…
7. Songs with rhyming can help children hear…
8. Your child can begin not only hearing the similarities and differences in…
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31. DON’T WORRY IN SILENCE!
Text 31.
Don’t worry in silence!
When we are young, sometimes the hardest thing about feelings is actually
sharing them with others, though, I realize now, it is certainly worth making the effort
to do so. Sharing with others helps us to share the load, as it were.
It was not until much later, looking back over my childhood, that I realized that
the first step in sharing was to identify what feelings I actually had! Making a list of
them seemed to help. Was I happy or was I sad? Was it an emotion experienced only
at that particular time or did I tend to feel like that the time?
My problem was that I had not realized that some fears are quite acceptable and
even helpful at times, while others can actually get in the way of enjoying everyday
things such as learning, playing with a friend or experiencing for the first time the
change from Primary to Secondary level. This is when I really should have had a chat
with my parents instead of holding it all inside, as they would have been able to
lessen my anxiety about moving up.
There were times when my anxiety would also be accompanied by a headache,
a stomach ache or dizziness. My grandmother used to tell me that there is a certain
part of the brain that controls that fight or flight feeling. Not that I had any idea what
she was talking about as I must have been only about knee-high at the time!
I recall a small group of us feeling uncomfortable at the idea of meeting new
teachers or moving up to the ‘big’ school. That kind of discomfort at such an age is
natural when faced with something new. Better late than never, I realized that being
shy is not such a bad thing. Nobody actually sets out to be like that, it just happens
naturally. I understood quite quickly that the key to shyness is just to be yourself. No
matter age, it’s healthy to get things off your chest! In fact, I quickly found that some
of my friends had the same feelings and became quite happy to share their secrets.
Sometimes, just inviting a shy child to join in a game a couple of times helped them
to get over their feelings of shyness.
There were other times when I felt sad about leaving Primary school, but then
again, it was one of the many normal emotions or moods we have all experienced
during that period of change. Unhappiness was the emotion I felt when I had to say
goodbye to certain dear friends. It made me feel like crying, though, even crying
made me feel better as tears slowly washed away the negative emotions. When the
sadness started to disappear, it felt as if a heavy weight had been lifted from my
shoulders.
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I now realize at the tender age of twenty-eight that, even though, there might
sometimes seem to be no reason to look on the bright side of life, for every bad there
is a good. Also, having friends who think optimistically can help you get on your feet
again and move forward onto a more positive path.
ASSIGNMENTS
I. Read the title of the text. What do you think it is going to be about?
a) people who worry all the time;
b) telling other people about your feelings;
c) taking too much.
II. Now read the first paragraph and find the answer.
Which of the following do you expect to be mentioned in the text? Why?
- happiness; - anxiety; - satisfaction; - loneliness;
- fear; - stress; - sadness.
III. For questions 1–7, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think
fits best according to the text.
1. What do youngsters find most difficult to do?
a) make an effort;
b) realize that life is hard;
c) accept help from others;
d) tell others how they feel.
2. What was the writer’s first move towards sharing her feelings?
a) to look back over the years;
b) to finish writing her lists of feelings;
c) to decide which particular feelings she had;
d) to ask people questions about her feelings.
3. What the writer finally realized about fears is that
a) they all get in the way;
b) they can happen every day;
c) it is better to hold them inside;
d) some are more helpful than others.
4. What does the write mean by ‘knee-high’?
a) too short;
b) too young;
c) too high;
d) too tall.
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5. According to the writer, what is the best way to handle shyness?
a) to be your usual self;
b) to realize that age matters;
c) to understand that it is unhealthy;
d) too realize that it is uncomfortable.
6. When the writer’s sadness began to disappear she felt
a) she had lost weight;
b) she was heavier;
c) more emotional about life;
d) more positive about life.
7. The writer realizes now for the first time that
a) it’s difficult to tell good from bad;
b) she has optimistic friends;
c) you can get on your feet again yourself;
d) there is always a reason to look on the bright side.
IV. Read through the text and underline the words that describe feelings
and emotions then list them under the following headings: positive-negative-
neutral.
Think of five adjectives to add to the lists. Compare your list with your
partner’s.
V. In pairs, discuss what you understand from the sentence below and
whether you agree/disagree with the idea “Sharing with others helps us to share
the load”.
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32. INDEPENDENT SCHOOLS IN BRITAIN
Text 32.
Independent schools in Britain. The idea of Summerhill.
Summerhill is a modern English school, which demonstrates that freedom
works. The main idea of Summerhill is to make the school fit the child, but not the
child for the school.
Summerhill allows children freedom to be themselves. In order to do this the
school quits all discipline, all direction, all moral training, and all religion.
The headmaster and the teachers believe in the child as a good, not a bad
person. They think that his nature is wise and realistic. And if you leave the child to
himself without adults’ instruction of any kind he will develop as he can.
Summerhill is a place where people who have natural ability and wish to be
scholars will be scholars and those who are only fit to sweep the streets will sweep
the streets.
In Summerhill lessons are not compulsory. Children can go to them or not for
years if they want to. There is a timetable only for the teachers. The children have
classes according to their age and sometimes according to their interests.
Summerhill is perhaps the happiest school in the word. The children don’t ery,
because children, when free, have very little hate express. Hate breeds hate, love
breeds love.
Summerhill is a school in which the child knows that he is approved of because
his function is to live his own life. In Summerhill everyone has equal fights.
It is difficult to influence free children, because they have no fear.
I. Answer the questions:
1. When you were a pupil did you have to wear a uniform?
2. Were there many rules and regulations at you school?
3. What forms of punishment were there?
4. Could you choose the subjects you studied?
5. What does independent school mean?
II. Complete the sentences:
1. Summerhill is a modern English school where…
2. The main idea of Summerhill is…
3. Summerhill allows children….
4. The headmaster and the teachers believe in the child….
5. Summerhill is a place where people…
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6. The timetable is only…
7. Lessons are not… for children there.
8. Hate breeds…
9. In Summerhill everyone has equal...
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33. EDUCATION IN AUSTRALIA
Text 33.
I. Read the following text.
Education in Australia
In Australia most children attend primary school from the age of five. Only two
per cent of children of primary school age are educated at home. Some children who
go to school also take up extra activities such as learning to play a musical instrument
or dancing, and they go to particular classes for these and for school courses they find
difficult or particularly interesting, such as languages, mathematics or computing.
Ninety-five per cent of the population go on secondary school, but a much smaller
percentage pass the final year of secondary school examinations and complete a
university curriculum. At the moment university students and graduates make up less
than a third of the total population. Australian universities are modern and wellequipped. Most teaching is by a combination of lectures, tutorials and practical
classes. The humanities courses like History and Philosophy, usually involve a lot of
extra reading in the library. To become a primary or secondary school teacher, it is
usually necessary to study at a university for three years or more.
II. Tell each other about the education in Australia using the key-words:
• attend primary school;
• are educated at home;
• take up extra activities;
• ninety-five per cent go on;
• modern and well-equipped;
• a combination of;
• to become a school teacher.
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34. DIFFERENT SCHOOLS
Text 34.
You are going to read some information about different schools:
1. Before you read, look at the words in the list below and try to guess how
they might fit in the context of school.
• responsibility;
• parents;
• beautiful green area;
• part of a team;
• family;
• gifted;
• personal tutors;
• happy atmosphere.
2. Skim the text and underline the words that you come across from the
list. Which questions, 1–13, do some of the words relate to?
3. Now read the text and for questions 1–13, choose from the schools
(A–E). Some of the schools may be chosen more than one. When more than one
answer is required, these may be given in any order. There is an example at the
beginning (0).
Which school(s):
• believes that children will follow the example of teachers and staff? 0 F .
• encourage parents to take part in school life? 1 ___
• is seen as one of the best schools in the country? 2 ___
• wants to produce confident children? 3 ___
• is surrounded by greenery? 4 ___
• has a department for children before they go to the preparatory school? 5 ___
• accepts children of all levels of ability? 6 ___
• is particularly suitable for talented children? 7 ___
• has a system where each student is looked after by a particular teacher? 8 ___
• believe in a strong foundation of reading, writing and mathematical skills? 9 ___
• prepares children for secondary school? 10 ___
• are single-sex school? 11 ___
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A. Newland.
Newland House is a preparatory school for both girls and boys. We
accommodate approximately there hundred and ten children in the main school and a
further one hundred and twenty in the pre-preparatory department.
The school aims to create a friendly and happy atmosphere in which the
children can develop their own varied abilities and interests. We offer a wide range of
activities for the children as well as all the requirements for entry into leading
secondary scholar? at the ages of eleven and thirteen.
B. Biggin Hill.
We are a small, caring infant school, situated in a beautiful green area. The
school was built in 1985 and is a modern and attractive single storey building. Our
school provides a secure and friendly atmosphere for children. We aim for high
standards and we provide the best possible educational opportunities for every child.
We know that children’s early education is the basis for all their later learning, and
we take this responsibility very seriously. We believe that every child has the right to
a good, basic education with an emphasis on reading, writing and arithmetic.
Our talented staff work as a team. This ensures that every classroom provides a
learning environment where each child’s needs are met on an individual basis.
We believe that mothers and fathers must play a role in the everyday education
of their children. Many parents, therefore, contribute in different ways to the day to
day running of the school.
Though we are completely separate from Biggin Hill Junior School, the two
schools maintain close and friendly links. Many of our children transfer to the junior
school, which is situated close by, at the age of eight.
C. Breakspear.
We encourage a happy, friendly atmosphere in which children do well. With an
emphasis on every child developing their abilities to the full, we seek to encourage a
love of learning, a sense of enquiry and respect for the needs of others. Most
important for us, however, is helping each child develop his or her self-confidence.
Our professional staff enthusiastically support each child’s needs and try to
provide the best possible environment for all pupils.
We believe that a safe, caring and happy environment is of the utmost
importance. High standards are also part of our general aim, with children and staff
working together to safe and responsible way. Independence and positive self-image
are also encouraged together with general respect for the world in which we live. The
ability to work independently as well as part of a team are further qualities we
consider necessary in today’s world.
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