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Файл:Дефектология сборник текстов и упражнений по английскому языку. Учебное пособие для СПО
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IV. Arrange A and B in pairs of synonyms:
a) identity, child, to raise, to encourage, difficult, individual, rivalry, to help;
b) embolden, to foster, kid, originality, to aid, hard, competition, personal.
V. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.
1. ………… one child at a time is hard enough.
2. Parents of twins have an even more ………… job.
3. It is important that twins don’t become so ………… that one becomes
merely a missing part of the other.
4. The sibling rivalry may be …………. .
5. The special ………… that twins share can lead to problems.
6. Twins think no person will ever know them as well as their ………... .
7. They think like each other and do the same things, marry similar …………
and live in virtually identical houses.
8. A twin …………… that losing the other would be like losing a part of her
own body.
Bonded, intimacy, difficult, raising, sibling,
avoided, declared, partners.
VI. Answer the questions.
1. Is raising twins a difficult job?
2. How may the sibling rivalry be avoided?
3. Do parents of twins have to help their children preserve identities?
4. Twins are individuals fist and twins second, aren’t they?
5. Can the special intimacy lead to problems?
6. Why is it difficult for twins to develop close relationships with others?
7. Do you agree that losing your twin would be like losing a part of your
own body?
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18. WHAT PRICE MORE TIME WITH THE CHILDREN
Text 18.
You are going to read an article in which four fathers talk about their
experiences:
1. Read the headline and try to predict what difficulties might be
mentioned in the article.
2. Skim-read each section to find out:
• what arrangement each father/couple has made for childcare;
• the effect on each father’s career.
3. Match each of the statements below to the father (A, B, C or D) it refers
to. Notice how the prompts paraphrase the language of the article.
A. David Batup.
B. George Beattie.
C. Tom Spenser.
D. Stephen Lowe.
He had a physical indication that all was not well. 1 …
His company providers on-site care for employees’ children. 2 …
He acknowledges the help of friends. 3 …
He is aware that his child/ren react to him differently when he has more
time. 4 …
He appreciates understanding attitudes at work. 5 …
His wife plays the major role in child care. 6 …
He is aware that being a man limits his chances to socialize with other
parents. 7 …
He admits to worrying about work while involved in childcare. 8 ...
His experience of childcare has made him more aware of the feelings
of others. 9 …
He has suffered from sleep deprivation. 10…
He is not satisfied with his relationship with his children. 11 …
Sometimes he feels out of place among his colleagues. 12 …
He refused the chance of advancement at work. 13 …
What price more time with the children?
Men who try to balance the demands of family life and career face difficult
choices. We report on how four of them are coping.
A. When David Batup separated from his wife, his children lived with him after
he was given custody. David continued to work full time.
We came home from a family holiday and the next thing, my wife had left me.
It came as a complete shock. I felt panic. I was on my own with two children, aged
53
nine and thirteen, while trying to hold down a job as a senior manager with
responsibility for a large budget in a computer company. Not only did we have
practical problems to sort out, but we were overwhelmed by our emotions.
Friends gave me a lot of support. For the first few weeks they helped me collect
and deliver the children while I was at work. They helped me find an au pair. And
they gave me a listening ear.
The emotional upheaval was the most difficult aspect to come to terms with. I
had also been involved with the children and we were close. But it was a whole new
ball game having primary responsibility for home and children.
My manager was very supportive. As long as I achieved my work goals, he was
satisfied.
The time following the separation was painful for all of us. But I have learnt to
express my feelings. It has taught me how to be a better manager, too. I know how to
play a supportive role to members of my staff.
B. George Beattie, 46, works nights as a senior supervisor with a large parcels
delivery company while his wife, Lynn, works days in the catering industry.
We rut our plan into action when our children were four and two. The big
question was: would I be able to manage on a maximum of five hours’ sleep per
night? Well, five years on we are still doing it.
We had a tight schedule. Lynn would leave home at 8.30 in the morning and
was back by 5.30, just in time to take over while I went out fifteen minutes later to
start my night shift at 6 pm.
At one point, I began having stomach pains. I was going to bed at 3.15 in the
morning, when I got home from work. Lynn would take the children downstairs so
that I could get more sleep. So you can imagine how exhausted I felt with the
children during the day.
When Robert started playgroup, I took my turn on the rota to look after the
children. But it’s not that easy being a man in a world of mothers with their young
children.
Three years ago, the manager put pressure on me to go for the night manager’s
job. I wasn’t interested because I valued my time at home with the children so much.
I did not want to miss out on collecting them and having that couple of hours with
them before Lynn came home from work. And with Lynn’s well-paid job, we could
afford my passing up promotion. Some of my colleagues thought I should go for the
promotion, but I stuck to my guns and I am pleased that I did.
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C. Tom Spenser, 43, is a consultant physician. His wife, Penny, works three
days a week as a pediatrician and looks after their two children on the other days.
From Monday to Friday, I only see the children for an hour at the end of the day.
In the holidays, the children have time to adjust to having Dad around and get
to know him again. They become more spontaneous with their cuddles and seem to
feel more able to talk about the things that are important to them.
Penny and I decided before starting a family that I would be the one who would
make work my focus and she would focus on the children. Over the years, there have
been many periods of a few days when I have ‘played at’ being househusband
because Penny’s work has taken her away. I found it frustrating, knowing that my
work was piling up at the hospital while I was at home. In such a situation, you can’t
get work out of your mind, so you aren’t fully with the children.
I do have some regrets that I haven’t spent as much time with the children as I
would have liked. The shortage of quality time together obviously affects my
relationship with them.
D. Stephen Lowe, 36, and his wife, Janet, work at management level in
multinational companies. When Janet had a child, they both wanted to continue their
careers.
Janet and I had decided to place Hannah in my workplace nursery because it
was the most practical solution. I have experienced a side of my daughter’s life I
would never have seen, and that I doubt most fathers who work full time ever see.
I love the joy on her face when she recognizes me coming in the distance and I
also value watching her play with other children. At the same time, I feel like a fish
out of water in the nursery, because I am the only dad who drops off and collects his
child 0 the others are all mums.
Before I became a father, I was ambitious and single-minded about my career. I
had a great deal of job satisfaction and career progression. Janet and I were very
happy when she became pregnant. We both wanted to continue our careers. I went to
my company’s childcare information service for advice. They helped us to make the
decision to put our baby into their workplace nursery.
I have had the odd telephone call in the time Hannah has been there. My first
reaction is “Damn!” because it won’t be good news. There is potentially a conflict
between Hannah’s needs and the demands of my work, but I would always put my
daughter first. The fact that senior management is sympathetic makes a big
difference.
55
19. PARENTS ARE TOO PERMISSIVE
WITH THEIR CHILDREN NOWADAYS
Text 19.
Few people would defend the Victorian attitude to children, but if you were a
parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood: children were to be seen and
not heard. Freud and company did away with all that and parents have been
bewildered ever since.
The child’s happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, but what
about the parents’ happiness? Parents suffer constantly from fear and guilt while
their children gaily romp about pulling the place apart. A good old-fashioned
spanking is out of the question: no modern child-rearing manual would permit
such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout … Certainly a
child needs love … and a lot of it. But psychologists have succeeded in
undermining parents’ confidence in their own authority. And it hasn’t taken
children long to get wind of the fact. In addition to the great modern classics on
child care, there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so
much unsolicited advice flying about, mum and dad just don’t know what to do
any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids
are in charge and parents’ lives are regulated according to the needs of their
offspring. When the little dears develop into teenagers, they take complete
control. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent rebellion against parents
all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for instance,
parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely spoils the fun. What
else can the poor parents do but obey?
Children are hardy creatures (far hardier than the psychologists would have us
believe) and most of them survive the harmful influence of extreme permissiveness
which is the normal condition in the modern household. But a great many do not. The
spread of juvenile delinquency in our own age is largely due to parental laxity.
Mother, believing that little Johnny can look after himself, is not at home when he
returns from school, so little Johnny roams the streets. The dividing line between
permissiveness and sheer negligence is very fine indeed.
The psychologists have much to answer. They should keep their mouths shut
and let parents get on with the job. And if children are knocked about a little bit in the
process, it may not really matter too much … Perhaps, there’s some truth in the idea
that children who’ve had a surfeit of happiness in their childhood emerge like stodgy
pudding and fail to make a success of life.
56
Active vocabulary
permissive [pә`misiv] – либеральный;
to bewilder [bı`wıldә] – ставить в тупик;
fear [fıә] – страх;
guilt [gılt] – чувство вины;
romp [romp] – шумно и весело играть;
spanking [`spæŋkıŋ] – порка;
to permit [`pә:mıt] – позволять, разрешать;
permissiveness [pә`mısıvnıs] – вседозволенность;
offspring [`ofsprıŋ] – отпрыск.
ASSIGNMENTS
I. Read the text paying special attention to new words and expressions.
II. Look up the pronunciation of the following words:
psychologist, barbarity, authority, rebellion, violent, creature, survive,
permissiveness, juvenile, delinquency.
III. Translate into Russian.
Adolescent rebellion, old-fashioned spanking, the harmful influence, parental
laxity, sheer negligence, attitude to children, suffer from fear and guilt, modern
household.
IV. Find the English equivalents.
Преступность среди несовершеннолетних, ставить в тупик, чрезмерная
вседозволенность, испортить праздник, отношение к детям, полный контроль,
бродить по улицам, крайне важный.
V. Arrange A and B in pairs of synonyms:
A. bewilder, fear, guilt, permit, adolescent, parental, laxity.
B. confuse, fault, parents, allow, young, negligence, fright.
VI. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.
1. The child’s happiness is.....................
2. Parents ........... ..... fear and guilt while their children gaily romp about
pulling the place apart.
3. Certainly a ........... needs love.
4. The excessive ........ of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good.
5. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent ............ against parents all the
more violent.
6. What else can the poor parents do but .............. ?
7. The spread of juvenile delinquency in our own age is largely due to ..............
laxity.
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8. Most of the children survive the harmful ............. of extreme permissiveness.
9. The dividing line between permissiveness and sheer ....... is very fine indeed.
10. There’s some truth in the idea that children who’ve had a surfeit of
happiness in their ............... fail to make a success of life.
Permissiveness, all-important, negligence, childhood, rebellion,
suffer from, parental, influence, child, obey.
VII. Answer the questions.
1. Why do parents suffer constantly from fear and guilt while their children
gaily romp about pulling the place apart?
2. What makes adolescent rebellion against parents all the more violent?
3. The young people are going to have a party. Why do they ask their parents to
leave the house? Why does the parents’ presence spoil the fun?
4. Can all children survive the harmful influence of extreme permissiveness?
5. What is the main reason of the spread of juvenile delinquency in our own age?
6. Is the dividing line between permissiveness and sheer negligence very fine
indeed?
7. Do you agree that children who’ve had a surfeit of happiness in their
childhood fail to make a success in life?
58
20. DIFFERENT APPROACHES
TO THE PROBLEMS OF UPBRINGING
Text 20.
Problems of moulding a child’s character
The problem of moulding a child’s character is much spoken of. It is widely
discussed what important features of character and positive qualities adults should bring
up in their children. I think love for children and patience are at the basis of upbringing.
Adults should possess a good sense of humour. It will help him to escape many difficult
situations, their tolerance, tact, wisdom can help them to create a friendly atmosphere in
their families. To my mind, to reach mutual understanding between children and parents
is the main aim of upbringing, but it is not as easy as it sounds. If you want to be good
parents for your dear children follow some pieces of advice:
1. Take a good look at yourself: children consciously or unconsciously imitate
their parents. If you have certain traits that you don’t want your children to inherit,
make a constant effort to get rid of those qualities in yourself. In other words, one of
the most effective ways to child control is self-control.
2. Assert your authority from the beginning: try to make it clear to the children
that they have definite obligations, which include obedience to family rules and
difference to wishes and pleasures of parents. Some people say that selfish parents
make the best parents because those who put the convenience and pleasure of their
children ahead of their own convenience or desires are making a big mistake.
3. Give your child the right amount of love. This is not as easy as it sounds. In
most parents the love instinct is so strong, that the main danger is that it will lead to
overindulgence and spoiling.
4. Don’t expect miracles. This rule is particularly important in trying to cope
with children. It is both unfair and unwise to expect miracles in dealing with children.
If you constantly demand more than a child can give, you damage his confidence.
Modern children grow up physically and mentally very fast. But their rate of
emotional growth is the same as it always was.
5. Try to remember: the children very often don’t have enough time to develop
clear standards of right and wrong. Even when they do know right from wrong, their
powers of self-control are limited. So it is not lust1 to judge them by adult standards.
Active vocabulary
moulding [`mәuldıŋ] – формирование;
tolerance [`tolәr(ә)ns] – терпимость;
obedience [ә`bi:djәns] – подчинение, послушание;
to assert [ә`sә:t] – отстаивать;
1
Very strong desire for something.
59
obligation [˛oblı`geı∫(ә)n] – обязательство;
overindulgence [`әuv(ә)rın`d٨ ldз(ә)ns] – чрезмерная мягкость, потакание;
to inherit [ın`herıt] – унаследовать.
ASSIGNMENTS
I. Read the text and single out the sentences containing the main idea.
II. Read the words aloud and memorize their pronunciation:
Moulding a child’s character, features of character, positive qualities, the basis
of upbringing, to possess of a good sense of humour, to reach mutual understanding,
to lead to overindulgence, to cope with children.
III. Find the English equivalents.
Темп эмоционального роста, следовать советам, самоконтроль, наиболее
эффективные способы, определенные обязательства, дружеская атмосфера,
делать постоянное усилие.
IV. Arrange A and B in pairs of synonyms:
a) adult, possess, feature, bring up, aim, obligation;
b) trait, mature, duty, raise, have, purpose.
V. The following suffixes are used to form different parts of speech.
Nouns -ment; -ness; -sion; -tion; -ty; -al.
Adjectives -ful; -ic; -able; -ous; -y; -ive; -al.
Verbs -ize/ise.
The words in the charts below have all appeared in your previous special texts.
Use your dictionary to find the other parts of speech, and mark the stress.
Noun
Verb
encourage
develop
communication
engage
improvement
improve
decision
organization
complaint
imagine
Noun
Adjective
fair
shameful
ridiculous
hostile
person
ambition
happy
science
health
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VI. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.
1. Give your .......... the right amount of love.
2. Adults should possess of a good sense of .................. .
3. Children have definite obligations, which include ................. to family rules.
4. Tolerance, tact, wisdom can help them to create a friendly.................. in their
families.
5. Modern children ............... up physically and mentally very fast.
6. Children very often haven’t enough time to develop clear ................. of right
and wrong.
7. To reach mutual understanding between children and parents is the main ....
of upbringing.
Obedience, atmosphere, aim, humour, child, grow, standards.
VII. Correct the following sentences:
1. The problem of bringing up children is seldom spoken of at present.
2. Adults should possess a sense of grief.
3. To reach good understanding between parents and their children is not
necessary.
4. Children should inherit all their parents’ traits.
5. Parents should give all their love to their children.
6. Modern children do not grow mentally and physically fast.
7. Parents should judge children by adult standards.
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