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develop. Some Indigos are natural healers and seem to be naturally attuned to Reiki
energy. Some children who have autism and those with Asperger's Syndrome are also
Indigo Children and it is thought that with spiritual counseling and various energy
therapies such as Reiki, Shamballa, and EMF Balancing, among others that these
children may come out of their shells.
Indigo Children are named for the predominant color of indigo (an ink-like
dark blue with a touch of red). The color indigo represents the third eye chakra, the
energy center of psychic activity, which is believed to be wide open on most Indigos.
Indigos experience a thinner "veil" or separation between the earth and the spirit
worlds, and they are able to access information many cannot. Most of the behaviors
of Indigos are explainable by this aspect of a thinner veil.
Learning about Indigo Children will improve our ability to work with children.
It will also help us to better understand the new energy coming into the Earth, for the
Indigos will bring in the new energy and help us learn to live with each other in
greater harmony. They are here to enlighten the world and bring us into ascension
whether we are ready or not. Who better to lead us to new ways of behaving,
thinking, and feeling than the children who are already behaving, thinking and feeling
differently? Is it not more likely to come from the children than older ones who have
lived longer in the culture that opposes those changes?
A sentiment expressed by many Indigos is summarized by Tegan: "If I could
wish anything for this world, it would be for people to feel compete understanding,
acceptance and love for all their fellow souls on this planet!"
ASSIGNMENTS
1. Form the given words using -ing, find out the sentences from the text
and translate them into Russian:
To learn, to think, to behave, to feel, to understand, to come, to care, to counsel,
to watch, to eat.
2. Point out suffixes of the given derivative words, translate them into
Russian:
Directions, gifted, talented, disturbed, homelessness, devastation, improvement,
physically, extremely, emotionally.
3. Describe Indigo Children using the following expressions:
Not like to follow directions; gifted and talented; disturbed by the problems in
the world; solve these problems and improve the world; physically and extremely
emotionally sensitive; empathic and caring; have strong psychic talents.
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3. UNDERSTANDING — WHY SCHOOL VIOLENCE
IS HAPPENING
Text 3.
I. Read and translate the text.
I would like to comment about this most recent incident of school violence in
Santana High School and the other school violence that has been threatened in many
schools so recently. The perpetrators of these acts are Indigo Children as are many
other children in our schools today and these acts can be prevented.
First of all, what's an Indigo Child? Indigos are often very intelligent and
creative, but also nonconformist and have great distaste for 'systems' and any sort of
authority. Many have symptoms of attention deficit disorder and may be coded as
such, but most of them CAN focus on something they find interesting and of value.
They are often very emotionally sensitive. Indigos are either very compassionate and
caring or are just the opposite and rather callous and apathetic. I believe Indigos who
are callous and the most likely ones to become violent are those who have put up so
much emotional shielding because of emotional pain as a child that they no longer
care and do wish to cause harm to people in revenge for the pain in their lives.
Indigos are usually very intuitive and have metaphysical gifts and talents as well.
They need to be seen as equals no matter what their age.
If Indigos are supported and loved, they will soar and bring great wonders to
the world. If they are not, tragic results such as suicides and school violence can
occur. This information is SO important to bring to the world. Being Indigo is not a
disorder and not all Indigos are bad. It's a Spiritual Evolution that manifests
physically and appears to be a Cultural Revolution. This is the new Aquarian energy.
It is time to change the way we raise and teach our children!
How can we prevent this? By understanding the Indigos by learning how to
work with them effectively, we can prevent this sort of problem. Indigos need to be
seen as equals with adults. They need to be given respect. They need to be given the
FREEDOM to develop, balanced with SUPERVISION and SAFETY limits.
Indigos are going to change the world. They are going to overturn the systems
we currently have, starting with the schools. Things are going to get much worse
before they get better. Let’s take the hint and start changing things so they work for
today’s kids!
II. Give a list of personal qualities of an Indigo Child according to the text.
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4. HEARING DOGS FOR DEAF PEOPLE
Text 4.
You are going to read part of a leaflet about Hearing Dogs for Deaf People.
Choose the most suitable heading A–I for each part (1–7) of the leaflet. There is one
extra heading which you do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).
A. It’s not just the dog that needs to learn.
B. Will any dog do?
C. Becoming someone’s ears
D. Understanding deafness
E. A fair exchange
F. Many benefits
G. An expression of gratitude
H. Learning to live with others
I. What do hearing dogs do?
Hearing Dogs for Deaf People
(0 1 )
Dogs acting as guides for the blind are now a familiar sight in most cities. Less
familiar are ‘Hearing Dogs for Deaf People’, but in Britain more than 600 such
animals exist. In 1982 an innovative programme was established to provide deaf
adults with dogs to alert them to sounds in the home such as the doorbell, alarm
clock, telephone or smoke alarm. Instead of barking, they use a paw to gain attention
and then lead the deaf person to the sound source.
(1 )
Small and medium-sized dogs make the best hearing dogs. They don’t have to
be pure bred, though guard dogs and fighting breeds are considered unsuitable. The
dogs must be between the ages of seven weeks and three years. They are selected for
their high intelligence and friendly disposition, keen responses to sound and
willingness to please.
(2 )
Dogs come from many sources, including rescue centres. In this way unwanted
and abandoned dogs can be trained to lead active and useful lives in return for good
appreciative homes. Even those dogs that do not pass the initial assessment or are
later considered to be unsuitable are found good homes as family pets.
(3 )
Immediately after selection, they spend several months with a Puppy
Socialiser. These are volunteers who take the dogs into their homes for anything up to
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six months. In this time, the dog learns to obey simple commands and becomes
acquainted with all aspects of everyday life, particularly how to get on with other
animals and children.
(4 )
Once the dogs have got through this initial stage, their training in earnest
begins. Kindness and reward are used to teach them. Sounds training, which lasts
sixteen weeks, takes place in purpose-built training houses. These houses are
designed to simulate the home of the dog’s future owner (after all, not all telephones
or doorbells sound the same).
(5 )
The deaf person also needs time to adapt to the dog with the help of the
trainers. For this reason one week before the sounds training is completed, the owners
are invited to stay in a flat at the training centre. This is then followed by three
months living with the dog in their own home before the final assessment which, if
passed, qualifies the dog as a hearing dog for a deaf person.
(6 )
The practical value of a hearing dog is immediately obvious but the therapeutic
value should not be underestimated. Many people who have hearing dogs find their
confidence and independence increases and as a result they go out more and
participate in activities which they have previously avoided. The hearing dog, with its
yellow coat, instantly tells people that the person they are talking to has a hearing
loss. They should then know to face the person and speak clearly, and not too fast,
allowing the deaf person to read their lips.
(7 )
Although the programme is expensive to run, it has clearly made an enormous
difference. One owner, Paul Bullock, has the following to say about his dog: “Popeye
has given me confidence, saved my life, made new friends for us, made others more
aware of deafness and broken down some of the barriers that deafness causes. He is
my friend and confidant and I talk to him all the time, but above all, he is my ears. I
owe Popeye far, more than he owes me”.
Active vocabulary
deaf [def] – глухой;
blind [blaınd] – слепой;
attention [ә`ten(ә)∫n] – внимание;
willingness [`wılıŋnıs] – готовность;
to get on with smb. – ладить с кем-либо;
confidence [`konfıd(ә)ns] – уверенность;
independence [ındı`pendәns] – самостоятельность.
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ASSIGNMENTS
I. Translate into Russian.
The blind, a deaf person, to gain attention, the sound source, friendly
disposition, rescue centres, unwanted and abandoned dogs, reward, sounds training,
the therapeutic value, to participate in activities, to read smb’s lips, to speak clearly.
II. Translate into English.
Способность к пониманию, инновационная программа, ладить с кем-либо,
доброта, приспосабливаться, уверенность, избегать, самостоятельность,
практическая ценность, ухо.
III. Give a short answer:
1. When was an innovative programme established to provide deaf adults with dogs?
2. What do hearing dogs use to gain attention and lead the deaf person to the
sound source?
3. Who helps the deaf person to adapt to the dog?
4. What breeds are considered suitable as a hearing dog for a deaf person?
5. What is the practical value of a hearing dog?
6. What is the therapeutic value of a hearing dog?
IV. What is the subject matter and the main idea of the text?
V. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Глухому человеку также нужно время для того, чтобы привыкнуть к
собаке.
2. Глухие люди, у которых есть слышащие собаки, чаще выходят на улицу.
3. Собака в желтой одежде говорит людям о том, что человек, с которым
они разговаривают, с потерей слуха.
4. Слышащим людям следует повернуться лицом к глухому человеку и
говорить понятно и не слишком быстро, позволяя глухому, читать по губам.
5. Слышащие собаки придают глухим людям уверенность.
6. Слышащие собаки устраняют некоторые барьеры, причиной которых
является глухота.
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5. A WORLD OF GESTURES
Without gestures the world would be totally colourless
Text 5.
How do you understand this quotation? How far do you agree with the idea?
ASSIGNMENTS
I. Read the Tip, then read the sentences (A–H) and underline words and
phrases that might help identify their place in the text.
Tip Notice key words such as demonstratives (this, these), pronouns (he, it,
they), possessive adjectives (her, his), linking words & phrases (therefore, however,
for example) to help find the correct missing information.
Read the article and choose from the list A–H the sentence which best fits each
gap 1–6 in the article. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
A. There appears to be a set of rules that most of us silently follow, even in this
everyday situation.
B. Picture, if you will, two drivers arguing heatedly over who exactly had right
of way1 before the accident happened.
C. So, perhaps we should add colour to increase that figure.
D. They can also be threatening, warm or instructive.
E. For example, in Japan, it is considered rude to open one’s mouth wide to
yawn in public.
F. It is recognized throughout the world and never misunderstood.
G. With such a high figure, how can we possibly communicate with others
without using different gestures?
H. This is necessary in order to communicate in a way which is acceptable to
people we meet in other countries.
A World of Gestures
As the global village continues to get smaller and cultures mix more and more,
it is necessary to become more culturally sensitive and aware of body language and
gestures that surround us on a daily basis. As many of us cross over cultural borders,
we are obliged to respect, learn and understand more about the power of this silent
language. 0 H
In the world of gestures, the best advice would be to remember to ask and be
aware. If you see a gesture that is confusing, ask a local person what it means. Then,
be aware of the many body signs and customs around you in order not to offend others.
1
The right to drive across or into a road before another vehicle.
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1___ Nor is acceptable to shout in anger or show excessive behavior of any
kind. Furthermore, blowing one’s nose in public is also unacceptable and will
certainly be seen as an act of rudeness.
Another interesting example of silent body language is that used in lifts. 2___
If there are one or two people in a lift for example, they tend to lean against the walls
of the lift and four people together will probably choose a corner each. A slightly
larger number will more than likely face the door while a crowded lift will show
silent people touching only at the shoulders and generally looking upwards to avoid
eye contact.
However, we also live in a world of more lively gestures, such as those of
drivers of all ages and types. 3___ Arms will certainly be flying showing each other
who did what, fingers will be pointing to indicate guilt and head will be shaking in
negative disbelief at the dreadful quality of the other’s driving!
Without gestures, the world would be totally colourless. Apparently, 60% of all
communication is nonverbal. 4____
Body language and gestures communicate messages just as well as words
perhaps even better. It is quite natural to use our bodies to get a message across. From
calling a waiter over to our table to the teaching gestures of parents to children; we all
use this system of communication.
Gestures are a basic part of our social lives too, with the vocabulary sometimes
being informative of entertaining as in the case of street mime. 5___ Take, for
example the gestures and body movements of two young children playing in the park
or a policeman directing traffic.
Of course, there is one particular gesture that carries certain welcoming
characteristics. 6____ It is a healthy gesture and can get you out of many a sticky
situation. This giant of all gestures is, of course, the smile. Use it freely and often and
win the hearts and respect of others wherever you travel.
II. In pairs, take turns in making different gestures to show that you:
agree, disagree, don’t care, are angry / pleased / nervous / impatient / unsure /
disappointed / surprised / shocked / suspicious, while your partner tries to guess the
message.
III. Read quickly 3–4 paragraphs and choose one custom which you find
amusing and one which you find surprising, telling the class why you think so.
IV. Scan the text and find four words/phrases related to body language and
compare your list with your partner’s.
18
6. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Text 6.
I. Read and translate the text.
Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communication is communication using the body or cultural
symbols other than spoken words.
Nonverbal communication is largely based on the use of the body to convey
information to others, as suggested by the common phrase body language. Facial
expressions are crucial to nonverbal communication. Smiling, for example, is a
symbol of pleasure, although we distinguish between the casual, lighthearted smile, a
smile of embarrassment, and the full, unrestrained smile we often associate with the
«cat who ate the canary». Other facial expressions are used to convey an almost
limitless range of human emotions, including anger, confusion, disgust, pain,
indifference, sadness, and seriousness of purpose.
Eye contact is another widely used means of nonverbal communication. In
general, eye contact is an invitation to further social interaction. An individual across
the room “catches our eye”, for instance, and a conversation begins. Avoiding the
eyes of another, in contrast, discourages communication. Our hands speak for us too.
Hand gestures commonly used within our culture can convey, an insult, a request for
a ride, an invitation to have someone join us, or a demand that others stop in their
tracks. Gestures of this kind are commonly used to supplement spoken words.
Pointing in a menacing way at someone, for example, gives greater emphasis to a
word of warning, as a shrug of the shoulders adds an air of indifference to the phrase
«I don’t know», and rapidly waving the arms lends urgency to the single word
«Hurry!».
Like all symbols, nonverbal communication is largely culture-specific. A smile
indicates pleasure the world over, but many gestures that are significant within North
American culture mean nothing - or something very different — to members of other
cultures. Indeed, a gesture indicating praise in North America may convey a powerful
insult to those who «read» the performance according to a different set of rules.
Active vocabulary
facial expression [`feı∫(ә)l] [ıks`pre∫(ә)n] – выражение лица;
crucial [kru:∫(ә)l] – важный;
embarrassment [im`bærәsmәnt] – смущение;
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interaction [ıntә`ræk∫(ә)n] – взаимодействие;
to supplement [`s^plımәnt] – добавлять;
a shrug [∫r^g] – пожимание.
ASSIGNMENTS
II. Complete the following sentences:
1. Nonverbal communication includes…
2. Smiling is a symbol of…
3. Human emotions include…
4. Eye contact is a means of…
5. Hand gestures can convey…
6. Why do we say that nonverbal communication is culture-specific?
7. A smile indicates…
III. Give examples of nonverbal communication.
IV. Make up disjunctive questions of the following sentences:
1. Nonverbal communication is based on the use of the body to convey
information.
2. Facial expressions are crucial to nonverbal communication.
3. Eye contact is a widely used means of body language.
4. Hand gestures are also eloquent in communicating with people.
5. Hand gestures supplement spoken words.
6. Body language is largely culture-specific.
7. Nonverbal communication is often difficult to control.
V. Prove the following statements by the facts from the text:
1. Facial expressions are crucial to nonverbal communication.
2. Nonverbal communication is greatly based on the culture we live in.
VI. Define the theme of each abstract.
VII. Think of all possible situations where nonverbal communication plays
a greater part than spoken words.
VIII. Look through the text, find and read sentences on:
• the most common indicators of approval and disapproval;
• universal nonverbal signals.
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7. WHAT BODY LANGUAGE CAN TELL YOU
THAT WORDS CANNOT
Text 7.
The most successful lawyers, teachers, and salespeople, among others, have
one thing in common: a capacity to understand nonverbal signals and use them
advantageously. It is important for people to understand body language - that is,
communication by means of movements and gestures.
For example, the most successful lawyers are those who look at a jury and a
judge and pick up little cues that tip off what people are thinking. An observant
lawyer may notice that the judge is compressing his lips into a thin line as the lawyer
is speaking. That is a common sign people use when they disagree. Such signals are
used constantly, even though people generally don’t realize they are communicating
through their movements, posture and mannerisms.
Nonverbal language is likely to reveal a person’s true feelings, which may be
contrary to what is usually being spoken. There are some common indicators of
approval and disapproval. For example, when people show rapport with each other,
they face each other squarely, they lean slightly toward each other, and there is more
eye contact. If they disagree, they unconsciously turn their bodies away from each
other. Such forms are unmistakable signs of body language.
There are some universal nonverbal signals. One is an automatic raising of the
eyebrows that a person does when he or she meets someone else. It is a natural and
universal form of greeting. Another obvious cue is known as the “hand behind head”,
which signals uncertainty or stress. About 125 nonverbal signals of the type have
been catalogued as recognizable.
Mannerisms we get are almost entirely inborn. Nonverbal behavior occurs
naturally, without being taught and even shows up in newborn infants and in lower
animals. It’s something that Mother Nature provides to help us get along with each
other.
Nonverbal communication is also what we call culture-free; it applies
worldwide. People can go anywhere and understand these signals, even if they don’t
know the spoken language.
Active vocabulary
gesture [`dзest∫ә] – жест;
observant [әb`zә:v(ә)nt] – наблюдательный;
sign [saın] – знак, жест;
movement [`mu:vmәnt] – жест, телодвижение;
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