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Файл:Грамматика английского языка сборник упражнений. Учебно-практическое пособие
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8. Underline the correct item.
Countries all over the world have superstitions which some people
believe and others don‘t. Several superstitions are the same in many
countries. Many people avoid 1) walking/to walk under ladders, as this is
believed to bring bad luck. Some people expect things 2) go/to go wrong
on the thirteenth day of the month, particularly if it's a Friday. Some say you
must never 3) put/to put up an umbrella inside the house or 4) to place/place
a pair of new shoes on the table. In many places, it is considered unlucky
5) to see/seeing a black cat, while in others this is thought 6) to be/be a
symbol of good luck. 7) Break/Breaking a mirror results in seven years
of bad luck and if you spill salt, you must 8) to throw/throw a pinch
of it over your left shoulder immediately.
These are just a few superstitions which some people believe in.
9. Fill in the correct form of the infinitive or the -ing form.
In the past decade academics have been involved in 1) investigating
(investigate) differences between men and women. Researchers have been
especially interested in 2) ... (discover) what women can 3) ... (do) better
than men. As far as language is concerned, studies show that girls begin 4) ...
(talk) before boys and are capable of 5) ... (produce) more varied and
sophisticated sentences. In addition to 6) ... (have) a better command
of the language, women also appear 7) ... (have) better social skills and are
more likely 8) ... (be) complimentary than men. Another area that has been
investigated is how men and women lead. Women try 9) ... (share) power
and make their employees 10) ... (feel) more worthwhile. Men, on the other
hand, like 11) ... (demonstrate) their authority more formally and seem 12) ...
(care) more about hierarchy. However, it is worth 13) ... (remember) that
study results reflect averages, and there will always be exceptions.
10. Put the verbs in the dialogue into the to-infinitive or the gerund.
Helen has been called to the office of her boss, Andrea.
A: Take a seat, Helen. Would you like 1to have (have) some coffee?
H: Er, no thank you.
A: I asked 2… (see) you 3… (talk) about your work. I think there are
a few things that we need 4… (discuss).
H: Oh dear. Is there some problem? I do love 5… (work) here
and I think I'm getting better at 6… (do) the job.
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A: Yes, I'm sure you are, Helen, but sometimes you are rather slow 7…
(learn). In a hotel of this reputation, we cannot afford 8… (make) mistakes
and I am sorry 9… (say) that you have made rather a lot. There are some
things you are very good at, like 10… (welcome) the guests, 11… (talk)
to them and 12… (give) them any help they require.
H: That's true. I was rather shy when I first started 13… (work) here but
now I'm much better at 14… (communicate) with the guests. They have
often said to me that it is nice 15… (see) such a friendly face at reception.
A: That's good. It's true 16… (say) that you have got much better at 17…
(deal) with people. But you do not pay enough attention to 18… (ensure) that
the administrative part of your job is carried out efficiently.
H: 19… (Keep) the records is not my favourite part of the job, I must
admit ...
A: But it's essential 20… (do) that properly. It's no use 21… (be) nice
to all the guests if you are creating problems for them by 22… (fail) 23…
(carry out) your job efficiently. I know there is a lot of work 24… (do)
at reception, but last week you made three mistakes with the billing. That's
not good enough.
H: Yes, I'm sorry about that, but sometimes the bills are very
complicated 25… (work out).
A: I know, but we can't make mistakes and that's that. And what about
you 26… (accept) that booking for the penthouse suite at the weekend when
we were using it for a conference? It was very careless of you 27… (do) that.
I had to do a lot of 28… (apologize) 29… (calm down) those guests. They
were furious.
H: Yes, it was terrible. I do try 30… (get) everything right but I can't help
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… (make) mistakes sometimes. I just don't know what 32… (do) about it.
A: Well, I do. You've got a month 33… (prove) to me that you can do
the job efficiently, and if you can't, you'll have 34… (start) 35… (look)
for another job.
TASK 14. SENTENCE. PASSIVE VOICE
1. Rewrite the jumbled phrases to make sentences with the correct
word order.
1. to stand/when he arrives/visitors/expects/His Excellency
2. to stay/a legal assistant/I wouldn't like/for long
3. brought/to the team/Amanda/all her expertise
4. has become/a very inexperienced salesman/the Sales Manager
5. into the box/sparkling, diamond encrusted/he placed/18-carat gold
ring/carefully wrapped/the
6. provided/all rubbish/please/in the bins/put
7. so her daughter/the bracelet/bought/for her/Susan liked/it
8. all day long/their resistance/stand/the prisoners/ they/ to/ made/reduce
9. of destruction/all sick/the scenes/us/made/in the film
10. an easy program/trying/first/recommended/the trainer
2. Rewrite the sentences, putting the words into the correct order.
Add commas where necessary.
1. enormous they old staying building grey are an in.
2. and looks now old he tired rather.
3. young met student charming we medical a.
4. angry an man is young he aggressive.
5. heavy her gold a gave necklace he beautiful.
6. moment at rather seem the unhappy you.
7. thoughtful a be man young seems very he to.
8. impractical is time-wasting expensive the and project.
9. beginning hair grey turn to is my.
10. young actress a Diana successful well-respected and is.
3. Fill in: what (a/an), how, so or such (a/an).
Example: What a strange man he is!
1. ... inconsiderate of you!
2. It was ... lovely meal!
3. ... sweet she is!
4. ... shiny hair she has!
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5. ... nice eyes he's got!
6. The journey was ... long!
7. He's ... interesting person!
8. ... awful day I had!
9. ... tasty biscuits!
10. ... high he jumps!
11. Her pies are ... delicious!
12. They are ... noisy neighbours!
13. ... warm the sea is!
14. ... odd thing to do!
15. ... dirty Tommy is!
16. ... nice weather we're having!
4. Put each verb into the simple present passive or active.
Gorillas (find) 1 … in several countries in central Africa. They are
about 1.6 metres tall, and they (cover) 2 … with black or brown hair.
Gorillas‘ lives (spend) 3 … in groups. Each group (have) 4 … five to ten
gorillas in it. The gorillas in a group (walk) 5 … about 0.5 to 1.0 km per
day, looking for food. They (not eat) 6 … all the leaves in one part
of the forest before moving on; some leaves (leave) 7 … on the trees and
plants. At night gorillas (sleep) 8 … in nests; these nests (make) 9 …
of branches and leaves. The number of gorillas living in Africa today (not
know) 10 …, but it is certain that this number is getting smaller. Why?
Because in the countries where the gorillas (live) 11 …, more and more
trees (cut down) 12 ... every year.
5. Write the passive verbs in the correct tenses.
1. Potatoes … to Europe from South America in the 1500s. (bring)
2. Your class … by Mrs Nash on Monday next week. (teach)
3. Five hundred years ago, Latin ... by people all over Europe. (speak)
4. I'm working at home today because my office … (paint)
5. Someone‘s been using my desk — all my papers … (move)
6. ‗Two‘ and ‗too‘ … the same. (pronounce)
7. How many languages … in 2100? (speak)
8. What kind of oil … in Mexican cooking? (use)
9. ‗Where‘s your car?‘ ‗It … .‘ (repair)
10. Oh, dear, I'm late — my name … yet? (call)
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6. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct active or passive tense.
А. Tea 1) … (make) from the leaves of the tea plant. At first, it
2) … (use) as a medicine, but it 3) … (become) an everyday drink
in the 3rd century AD.
First, the leaves 4) … (pick) from the plant and they 5) … (spread) onto
a cloth. They 6) … (leave) there for up to twenty hours. Next, the leaves are
rolled up until they 7) … (break) into small pieces. Finally, the leaves 7) …
(dry). 8) … (pack) into containers the tea is sent to different countries. It 9)
… (sell) to customers as loose leaves, as tea bags and as instant tea.
10) … (make) tea, we 11) … (boil) water and 12) … (pour) it over
the dry tea in a teapot. This 13) … (leave) for three to five minutes. We can
then add milk, lemon or sugar. In Britain, it was the custom 14) … (serve)
tea in the afternoons with sandwiches and cakes. This custom 15) … (start)
by the Duchess of Bedford around 1840. Today, tea 16) … (drink) all over
the world.
B. People of all ages 1) … (love) eating ice cream. It 2) … (be)
a wonderful dessert, especially when it 3) … (decorate) with tasty syrups
and whipped cream.
Ice cream 4) … (introduce) to Europe from the East. In 1670, Francisco
Procopio 5) … (open) a café in Paris, serving ices and sherbets. The ices and
sherbets 6) … (become) so popular that by 1676 there 7) … (be) 250 ice
makers in Paris.
The main ingredients which 8) … (use) for ice cream are milk, cream,
sugar and eggs. These ingredients 9) … (combine) to make a mixture which
10) … (put) in a large container and 11) … (refrigerate) for several hours.
Then, nuts or chocolate pieces 12) … (add) to make different flavours.
After that, the ice cream 13) … (package) individually and finally it 14)
… (freeze).
C. The Academy Awards Presentation 1) was first organized
(first/organise) in 1929 and since then, it 2) ... (hold) every year. The
presentation 3) ... (attend) by those at the top of the film industry and 4) ...
(watch) on TV by millions of viewers who want to see who 5) ... (present)
with the golden statue which 6) ... (desire) by everyone in the motion picture
world.
The voting for the Academy Awards 7) ... (conduct) secretly
and the results 8) ... (not reveal) to anyone until the envelope 9) ... (open) on
stage in front of the audience. Awards 10) ... (give) for the best individual
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or collective work and 11) ... (separate) into different categories. Up to five
nominations 12) ... (make) in each category. The awards, which 13) ...
(know) as Oscars, 14) ... (consider) to be the highest honour anyone
in the film industry can 15) ... (give).
D. Coffee 1) ... (say) to originate from Kaffa in Ethiopia and most
species of coffee plant 2) ... (find) in the tropics of the Eastern Hemisphere.
The species which 3) ... (think) to be the earliest coffee plant 4) ... (ever,
cultivate) by man is Coffea arabica. Today it 5) ... (grow) mostly in Latin
America.
The coffee shrub 6) ... (reach) a height of 8-10 metres and 7) ... (have)
white scented flowers. It 8) ... (produce) a red fruit which 9) ... (call)
a cherry. The cherry 10) ... (contain) two seeds which 11) ... (join) together.
These seeds, which 12) ... (also/know) as beans, 13) ... (first/roast) and then
they 14) ... (grind) to make coffee. The grounds 15) ... (then/process)
in a variety of different ways. Sometimes they 16) ... (filter) and sometimes
they 17) ... (soak) in water to make the drink which is popular with so many
people. Coffee is available as grounds or as instant coffee powder and 18) ...
(drink) by one third of the world's population.
7. Fill in by or with.
1. She was woken up ... a loud noise.
2. The parcel was tied up ... string.
3. John was told off ... his mother.
4. This picture was painted ... a famous artist.
5. The chair was covered ... a woollen blanket.
6. The walls were decorated ... posters.
7. My car was repaired ... my father.
8. This dessert was made ... fresh cream.
TASK 15. PASSIVE VOICE/CAUSATIVE FORM
1. Rewrite the sentences using have something done.
Example: His teeth are checked twice a year.
He has his teeth checked twice a year.
1. My hair is trimmed once a month.
2. Central heating is going to be installed in our house next month.
3. Sam's burglar alarm was fitted last week.
4. My car is being repaired at the moment.
5. Our new furniture is going to be delivered tomorrow.
6. The windows will be cleaned.
7. A new jumper has been knitted for me.
8. The lock has to be fixed.
9. A new pair of glasses is going to be made for him.
10. She told her son to carry the shopping to the house.
11. Dad is going to arrange for someone to cut the grass.
12. They used to employ a cleaner who cleaned the house.
13. Did the mechanic repair Paul's motorbike?
14. The boss asked his assistant to type the letter.
15. A plumber fixed the dripping tap for Joe.
16. Have you told the secretary to make some photo copies?
17. The chef was cooking Tom's lunch.
18. Did you tell the shop to deliver the sofa to you?
19. My purse was stolen last Friday.
20. Did you employ a painter to decorate your house?
21. The man had asked the porter to take his luggage to his room.
22. When will your glasses be made?
23. She asked him to do the shopping.
24. Their house was burgled last night.
25. He employed a carpenter to build the fence.
26. His shop's windows were smashed in the riot.
27. The gardener cuts their grass once a week.
28. They will ask the porter to carry their bags for them.
29. I must get someone to clean the windows.
30. The hairdresser is styling Lucy's hair.
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31. The doctor has bandaged his arm for him.
32. The dentist was checking Tom's teeth.
33. The cleaner had washed the floor for me.
34. It's worth asking someone to repair the roof.
2. Rephrase the following using have, make or get.
Example: He insisted that Peter left immediately. — He made Peter
leave immediately.
1. Janet persuaded Diane to drive her to the airport .
2. My car radio is being fitted by Gary today.
3. She asked her sister to translate the article.
4. I finally persuaded the landlord to change the locks.
5. My mother insisted that I should wear a dress to the wedding.
6. I'll ask John to pick me up at the station.
7. Sue persuaded her colleagues to change their minds.
8. She is going to ask them to rewrite the assignment.
9. I can't believe he asked me to return the cheque.
10. He insisted that they should stay at home.
11. I'll try to persuade him to give you the money he owes you.
12. The receptionist asked her to wait outside his office.
13. The doctor insisted that she should go to hospital.
14. He asked the porter to carry his luggage.
3. Turn the following into the passive.
Example: They say he is a millionaire.
He is said to be a millionaire.
It is said that he is a millionaire.
1. They expect the plane will be landing soon.
2. They believe he was working illegally.
3. They say he is feeling better.
4. They thought he had been brave to do so.
5. They think he has escaped from prison.
6. They expect he'll pass his exams.
7. They say she lied to the police.
8. They say they miss too many lessons.
9. They know she was always late for work.
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4. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive.
Example: People say that she owns several companies.
It is said that she owns several companies.
She is said to own several companies.
1. Dad is cleaning the floor at the moment.
2. The phone company cut off our telephone yesterday.
3. You must do the washing-up after dinner.
4. She will have typed all the letters by five o'clock.
5. They are interviewing two candidates at the moment.
6. He has torn his shirt again.
7. Mark feeds the dogs every morning.
8. We shouldn't reveal anything to the press.
9. Where have they sent those parcels to?
10. People think that he will win the race.
11. I object to her taking my books without permission.
12. They had sold all the tickets by the time we arrived.
13. People make jam from fruit.
14. They saw him talking to the manager.
15. Who took that beautiful photo?
16.When did they open their shop?
5. Complete the second sentence in these exchanges using the verb
in brackets and any other words given. Use the causative form
with have or get.
Example: A: ‗Your hair looks nice.‘
B: ‗Thanks, I‘ve just...‘ (cut)
B: ‗Thanks, I‘ve just had it cut.‘
1. A: ‗I‘m finding it difficult to read small print nowadays.‘
B: ‗Why don‘t you go and …?‘ (eyes; test)
2. A: ‗What a lovely dress — where did you buy it?‘
B: ‗I didn‘t. I ... by the dressmaker down the road.‘ (make)
3. A: ‗My car‘s been making some funny noises just lately.‘
B: ‗You should …‘ (service)
4. A: ‗Your hair looks different! What have you done to it?‘
B: ‗I ... …, that‘s all.‘ (just; cut)
5. A: ‗This house is freezing.‘
B: ‗Yes, we need ...‘ (central heating; install)
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6. A: ‗The living room looks lovely.‘
B: ‗I‘m glad you like it. We‘ve ...‘ (just; redecorate)
7. A: ‗Why aren‘t you wearing your watch?‘
B: ‗I … at the moment.‘ (repair)
8. A: ‗Oops! Sorry I've spilt some wine on your trousers.‘
B: ‗Don‘t worry. I was going to ... anyway.‘ (clean)
9. A: ‗That tree is blocking the view from my front window.‘
B: ‗Well, you don‘t expect me …, do you?‘ (cut down) .
10. A: ‗I‘ve got a terrible toothache.‘
B: ‗Well, why don‘t you go and …?‘ (that cavity; fill)
6. Complete each space in this text with a suitable word. The first
(0) is given as an example.
It‘s been one of those days and it isn‘t over yet. First of all, I had
to take the car to the garage to have the brakes repaired (0). The car was
in a bad enough state, but we … (1) had it damaged even more by some
idiot as we were waiting at the traffic lights the other day. He bumped into
the back of the car and we told him he would have to pay to … (2) the car
… (3) and he said he would … (4) it paid for by his insurance company.
I certainly hope he does. The mechanic told me I could‘ve ... (5) myself
killed driving the car and that we should‘ve … (6) the brakes checked
months ago.
I left the car at the garage, then went straight to the hairdresser to have
my hair … (7). I wanted to have ... (8) cut really short, so it took ages.
After that, I had to take Bill‘s suit to the dry-cleaner‘s to … (9) it cleaned
after he had had wine … (10) over it at the party last night. Next, I had
to go to the supermarket. When I had finished, my bags were so heavy I
had to … (11) them delivered to my house — and that cost more money.
And the day isn‘t half over yet. I‘ve still got to have my photograph …
(12) for a new passport — my old one … (13) stolen when we had our
house … (14) a few months back. What a life! Things can‘t get worse, can
they?
Inversion
There are at least eighteen types of inversion:
1. neg intro
2. intro adverbial (in, down, prepositional phrase)
3. intro -ed
4. comparative
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