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ǮǻǼǺǸȇȄǷDZǹǹȇȁǼDZǯǴǺǹǬȁ
ǝǔǟǾǶǴǹǬ
ǍǿȁǯǬǷǾDZǼǽǶǴǵǿȃDZǾǮǬǷȊǾǹȇȁ
ǺǻDZǼǬȂǴǵ
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ǰǷȋǴǹǾDZǼǬǶǾǴǮǹȇȁȀǺǼǸǻǼǺǮDZǰDZǹǴȋdzǬǹȋǾǴǵ
ǜDZǶǺǸDZǹǰǺǮǬǹǺǼDZǰǬǶȂǴǺǹǹǺ-ǴdzǰǬǾDZǷȈǽǶǴǸ
ǽǺǮDZǾǺǸǿǹǴǮDZǼǽǴǾDZǾǬ
ǘǺǽǶǮǬ
ɍȾɄ 657
ɍ
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬ
ɞ-ɪɬɟɯɧɧɚɭɤ ȼȼɆɟɥɶɧɢɤ
ɍɬɤɢɧɚɋɂ
ɍ Ȼɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɣɭɱɟɬɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ : ɤɪɚɬɤɢɣɤɭɪɫɥɟɤ
ɰɢɣɜɫɯɟɦɚɯɢɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯɞɥɹɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯɮɨɪɦɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ / ɋɂ ɍɬɤɢɧɚ – Ɇ : ɂɡɞȾɨɦ ɇɂɌɍ «Ɇɂɋɢɋ», 2017
– 230 ɫ
ISBN -5--71-6
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɊɎ,
ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢ
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞ
ɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣɢɜɫɟɯɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɢɯɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
Ⱦɚɧ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɜ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɍɬɨɱɧɟɧɵɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟ
ɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵɮɢɪɦɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨɭɱɟɬɚɜɚ
ɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɢɦɩɨɪɬɧɵɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɎȽɈɋ ȼɈ ɛɚɤɚɥɚɜɪɨɜɩɨ ɧɚ
ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ
ɢ
ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɟɞɥɹ ɛɚɤɚ
ɥɚɜɪɨɜɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɢ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɩɨ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ Ɇɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɩɨɥɟɡɟɧɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɪɚɛɨɬ
ɧɢɤɚɦ
,6%1978-5-906846-71-6
2
ɋɂɍɬɤɢɧɚ, 2017
ɇɂɌɍ©Ɇɂɋɢɋª7
ɍȾɄ657
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɟ ................................................................................................................. 4
Ɍɟɦɚ 1 ȼɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɤɚɤ ɜɢɞ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ............................................... 5
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȼɗȾ ....................................................... 7
ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ȼɗȾ ....................................................................................... 8
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȼɗȾ ............................................... 15
Ɍɟɦɚ 2 ȼɚɥɸɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɊɎ ..................................................... 17
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ .............................................................. 1 9
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ .............................................................................. 20
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɯ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ............................................................................................... 24
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ................................................. 27
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɡɚɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ.......................... 30
Ɍɟɦɚ
Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ............................................................. 39
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ« .......................................................... 41
Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɣɫɨɸɡɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ©ɟɞɢɧɚɹɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɚɹɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ» ......... 43
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ« ............................. 47
ȼɢɞɵɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɲɥɢɧ« ............................................................. 56
Ɍɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ« ................................................................. 60
Ɍɟɦɚ Ɍɨɪɝɨɜɵɟɨɛɵɱɚɢɉɪɚɜɢɥɚɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ – ɂɧɤɨɬɟɪɦɫ ................................................... 63
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ .............................................................. 6 5
ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ................................................................................ 66
Ɍɟɦɚ Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟɩɨɪɹɞɨɤɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ
ɭɱɟɬɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ................................. 79
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ .............................................................. 7 9
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ............................................................................. 80
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹɢɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɱɟɬɚ .............................. 82
ɍɱɟɬ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɛɚɧɤɚ ........................................................................... 8
3
Ɍɟɦɚ
ɍɱɟɬɚɤɬɢɜɨɜɢɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣɜɚɥɸɬɟ ɉȻɍ .......................... 84
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ .............................................................. 8 6
Ʉɭɪɫɨɜɵɟɪɚɡɧɢɰɵɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢɯ ɭɱɟɬɚ ............................................... 94
Ɍɟɦɚ 7 ɍɱɟɬɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣɧɚ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɫɱɟɬɚɯ .............................................. 98
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ............................................................ 100
ɍɱɟɬɩɨɤɭɩɤɢ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɵ ................................................ 102
ɍɱɟɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣɩɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɵ .......................... 109
Ɍɟɦɚ 8 ɍɱɟɬɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɚɧɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɨɜɤɢ ...................................... 119
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ............................................................ 121
2
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɚɧɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɨɜɤɢ ...................... 122
ɍɱɟɬɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɩɨ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɟ ................ 138
Ɍɟɦɚ 9 ɍɱɟɬ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ........................................................... 149
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ............................................................ 151
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢɢɜɢɞɵɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɚɬɨɜɚɪɨɜɪɚɛɨɬɭɫɥɭɝ ........ 152
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨɭɱɟɬɚɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ........................................................................ 153
Ȼɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɢɣɭɱɟɬɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ................. 163
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɧɭɥɟɜɨɣɫɬɚɜɤɢɇȾɋɩɨɪɹɞɨɤɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɇȾɋ ......................................................................................... 174
Ɍɟɦɚ ɍɱɟɬ ɢɦɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ............................................................ 175
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ............................................................ 177
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ............................................................................. 178
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɢɦɩɨɪɬɧɵɯɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ........................................................................... 183
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤɧɚɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɭɩɥɚɬɵɢ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɇȾɋ« ..................... 187
ɋɯɟɦɚɭɱɟɬɚ ........................................................................................ 193
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɩɢɫɨɤ ................................................................................... 201
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟȺɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɞɟɥɚ ..................................................................................................... 203
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚʋ ©Ɉɛɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɜ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɟ
ɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪɨɜɤɢª .................................. 213
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɉȻɍ©ɍɱɟɬɚɤɬɢɜɨɜɢɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚɜ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɟª ...................................................... 218
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ©ɂɇɄɈɌȿɊɆɋ ª ........................................................................... 224
3
ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɟ
Ʉɭɪɫɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯɡɧɚɧɢɣ
ɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨɭɱɟɬɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɬɭɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɯɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɜɚɥɸɬɧɨɝɨɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨɢɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɋɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɨɟ ɢ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ; ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; ɨɛɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɨ- ɢɦɩɨɪɬɧɵɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ; ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɬɚɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɟ; ɭɱɟɬ
ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯɢɢɦɩɨɪɬɧɵɯɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ
ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɜɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɟɜɤɨɧɰɟɤɚɠɞɨɣ
ɬɟɦɵɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɯɨɞɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɷɬɢɯɡɚɞɚɧɢɣɱɬɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬ ɢɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯɡɧɚɧɢɣ ȼ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ
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