Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Motivation of labor activity. Study aid
.pdf
91
Table 7
№
Incentives to work
Motives for influence
1
Money
Welfare
2
3 4
5
6 7 8 9 10
11
12
Exercise 3. Practical exercise “Identification of incentives and
disincentives of personnel.”
Purpose: to study a method for determining the effectiveness of the
incentive system used in the organization depending on the categories of
personnel.
Exercise.
1. Provide a 5×5 image of incentives and disincentives, motives and
antimotives used in the organization for various categories of personnel.
2. Rank them in order of importance for employees by filling out the
tab. 8 and 9.
3. Identify the compliance (non-compliance) of the applied incentive
system with the interests of employees.
4. Suggest possible ways to improve it, taking into account the
identified system of employee motivations.
Stages of work.
1. First, students work individually, filling out the tab. 8 and 9 using
the example of your organization for a specific category of personnel.
2. A comparison is made of the data obtained on the incentives used
and their correspondence to the motives of the organization’s employees.
92
3. The shortcomings of the current incentive system applied to this
category of personnel are determined, and possible ways to eliminate
them, taking into account the identified system of employee motives.
Table 8
Image of the incentives and motives
of the organization's employees
Stimulus
Rank for this position
Motive
Rank for this position
1. 1.
2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5. 5.
Table 9
Image of anti-incentives and anti-motives
of employees of the organization
Anti-stimulus
Rank for this
position
Antimotive
Rank for this
position
1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
Exercise 4.
Determine the validity of each of the factors of motivating labor
organization for various groups of Russian workers (in percentage terms:
absolutely true — 100 % and then in descending order) and compare these
indicators with similar indicators for those employed in Western countries.
Fifteen motivating factors in work organization:
1. Any actions of the company’s personnel, including management,
must always be meaningful.
93
2. Most people experience joy from work by being responsible for it,
satisfying their need for personal involvement in the results of activities
and working with people. Targeted recognition of an employee’s
performance by colleagues or outsiders is of great importance.
3. In their workplace, everyone wants to show what they are capable
of and what they mean to others. In this regard, the employee strives to
take part in shaping decisions on issues of his competence and provide
consulting services to other employees.
4. Everyone strives to express himself in the results of his work,
noticed by everyone. Therefore, the criteria for completing tasks must
always be high so that the dignity of the employee does not suffer, and the
results are specific and personal.
5. Almost everyone has their own point of view on how to improve
their work. The employee must have the desire to implement his plans
without fear of sanctions and relying on the interested support of
management.
6. It is important for a person to feel that he is indispensable to the
team. The manager must make this clear to the entire team, but within
reasonable limits.
7. Every person strives for success. Success is goals achieved. The
employee will invest maximum energy in achieving those that he set for
himself or in the development of which he took an active part.
8. Success without recognition leads to disappointment. Recognition
and encouragement should be both material and moral.
9. By the way, with what speed and in what form employees receive
information, they assess their real importance in the eyes of management.
If access to information is difficult, employees will feel humiliated.
10. Decisions regarding changes in the work of employees cannot be
made without their knowledge, even if the changes are positive.
11. Everyone needs information about the quality of their work. An
ordinary worker needs it more than a manager. Information must be
prompt, large-scale and timely.
94
12. Every job benefits from the greatest possible degree of selfcontrol.
13. Most people strive to acquire knowledge in the process of work.
Therefore, increased requirements, which provide a chance for further
development, are accepted much more readily than lower ones.
14. Employees react sharply if their efforts and outstanding results
only lead to additional workload. Especially if it doesn't balance out
monetarily. This is how initiative dies.
15. Work should allow the employee to be his own boss all the way
from costs to results.
Exercise 5.
Leaders have always been well aware that people can be intentionally
influenced to successfully accomplish organizational goals. The very first
technique used was the carrot and stick method. Describe situations in
which the carrot and stick approach can be effectively used today.
Exercise 6. “Formation of diagnostic skills.”
Accumulation of experience of motivation.
Think about the last time you really felt motivated to do something
particularly well: in a class, at work, while pursuing a hobby, or while
relaxing (for example, playing golf, running, or singing songs).
1. Describe this activity and how you felt while doing it.
2. Was your motivation genuine or superficial, or perhaps a
combination of both?
3. What needs did you try to satisfy during this activity?
4. What results did you hope to get from doing this job well?
5. How likely do you think it was that you could achieve the results
you wanted if you tried?
6. How would you characterize your level of expectations regarding
this activity? Why were your expectations at this level?
95
7. Have you ever compared what you put into an activity and what
you get out of it with your reference's similar inputs and outputs? Why
not? How did you feel after making this comparison and how did it affect
your behavior?
8. Have you ever been concerned about procedural correctness and
has it affected your motivation?
96
TEST
“Work Motivation”
1. The concepts of “motive” and “motivation” are related as follows:
a) the concept of “motive” is already the concept of “motivation”;
b) the concept of “motivation” is narrower than the concept of
“motive”;
c) these concepts are synonyms;
d) the concept of “motive” is a variation of the concept of
“motivation”.
2. One of the theories of motivation is the theory:
a) two factors by Ch. Spearman;
b) instrumental;
c) dominants by A.A. Ukhtomsky;
d) value exchange.
3. The founder of research in the field of achievement motivation is
considered to be:
a) D. McClelland;
b) R. Atkinson;
c) H. Heckhausen;
d) K. Rojnos.
4. The more difficult the activity is for the subject, the lower the level
of motivation for it is optimal according to the law:
a) pregnancy;
b) Blondel;
c) Yerkes-Dodson;
d) emotional constancy.
97
5. Motive is...
a) conscious and unconscious human needs necessary for personal
development;
b) creation of internal psychological motivations for activity;
c) motivation to perform activities and actions based on human
needs;
d) the desire to achieve one’s interests to the detriment of another.
6. Stimulation is...
a) a creation of internal psychological motivations for activity;
b) a set of motives that encourage activity and determine its
direction;
c) external and internal factors that motivate an employee to work;
d) the desire to influence others.
7. Which group of motivation theories include A. Maslow, D.
McClelland, F. Herzberg?
a) meaningful;
b) procedural;
c) classical;
d) quantitative;
d) administrative.
8. Process theories of motivation include:
a) Herzberg’s two-factor theory;
b) expectancy theory;
c) Alderfer's ERG theory;
d) theory of A. Maslow;
e) theory of A. Fayol.
9. What is the conventional name for V. Vroom’s theory of
motivation?
a) expectancy theory;
b) theory of justice;
98
c) X, Y theory;
d) Vroom's pyramid;
e) substantive theory.
10. Which group of needs is primary, basic in A. Maslow’s
hierarchy?
a) self-expression, self-determination;
b) public recognition;
c) safe;
d) physiological;
e) social.
11. Which of the following needs are common to all people?
a) self-expression, self-determination;
b) public recognition;
c) safe;
d) physiological;
e) social.
12. How does the dominance of the motive for achieving success
manifests itself in human behavior (choose several answers)?
a) he strives to act better than competing employees;
b) he tries not to differ from other employees;
c) he strives to achieve difficult goals or even exceed them;
d) he finds the best ways to complete tasks;
e) he does not express or defend his point of view, which differs from
the opinion of the majority.
13. Which of the following points does not apply to the main factors
of labor motivation?
a) interesting work;
b) promotion;
c) salary level;
99
d) work experience;
e) working conditions.
14. Which scientist analyzed and compared two motivational theories
X and Y?
a) A. Maslow;
b) F. Herzberg;
c) F. Taylor;
d) D. McGregor;
e) V. Vroom.
15. Which scientist, when classifying motives, singled out hygiene
motives as a separate group?
a) K. Madsen;
b) A. Maslow;
c) F. Herzberg;
d) K. Alfred;
e) V. Vroom.
16. What two groups are modern theories of motivation divided into?
a) classical, progressive;
b) social, economic;
c) substantive, procedural;
d) theoretical, empirical;
e) scientific, practical.
17. The work that has the greatest value from the point of view of
motivation is:
a) placing excessive demands on the employee’s capabilities;
b) requiring significant effort from the employee;
c) does not require significant effort from the employee;
d) not paid in full;
e) paid lower than the previous job.
100
18. The main forms of remuneration are:
a) time-based and piecework;
b) wages and profits;
c) tariffing and indexation;
d) fixed and floating;
e) salary and tariff.
19. According to F. Herzberg, the main factor influencing job
satisfaction is:
a) independence of workers at their workplace;
b) orientation of employees towards achievements;
c) favorable relationship with the manager;
d) freedom to choose the time of rest during the working day;
e) satisfaction of physiological needs.
20. Priority provision of benefits and bonuses to management
employees:
a) increases the work motivation of the company’s personnel;
b) reduces the work motivation of company personnel;
c) does not affect the work motivation of the company’s personnel;
d) strengthens the sense of fairness among employees;
e) is rational and reflects the principles of procedural theories of
motivation.
21. There are two ways to encourage the performer to actively
cooperate:
a) moral and material encouragement;
b) threat of dismissal and salary reduction;
c) persuasion and participation;
d) administration and orders;
e) manipulation and requests.
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]