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Glossary

https://t.me/med1917

access— availability accommodator— one who aids, assists aerobic— living in the presence of air/oxygen airborne precautions— use of protective devices

that reduce the spread of airborne droplet transmission of infectious agents

amylase— an enzyme that converts starch into

sugar

anaerobic— living without air/oxygen antecubital— before the crease of the forearm and

upper arm

anticoagulant— any agent that prevents coagulation antigen— a substance that creates an antibody when

introduced into blood or tissue

aorta— the largest artery that carries blood from the

heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body

arterial puncture— puncture of the radial, femoral,

or brachial artery with the purpose of obtaining an arterial blood sample for testing pH, O and CO

arteriole— the small terminal branch of an artery

arteriotomy— an incision into an artery artery— a tubular, muscular, and elastic-walled

articulation— speaking in a distinct, clear manner ASAP— as soon as possible aseptic— free from infection atherosclerosis— a disease in which arteries are

atria— the two chambers of the heart that receive

autoimmune— rising from and against the body’s

avoider— one who shuns, bypasses, evades

that ends in capillaries

vessel that carries blood from the heart through the body

severely narrowed by lipid deposits on the inner walls

blood from the veins and force it into the ventricles

own tissues

bacteremia— the presence of bacteria in the circu-

lating blood

basilic vein— prominent vein of the forearm

located on the inside edge of the antecubital fossa.

battery— intentionally touching a person without

authorization to do so

Betadine— an iodine solution bevel— the slanted edge at the tip of a needle bile— a yellow or greenish liquid secreted by the

liver that aids in digestion

bilirubin— a reddish-yellow pigment in urine,

blood, or bile

bloodborne pathogens— pathogenic microorgan-

isms that can be present in blood and can cause disease

butter y needle— a needle and tubing connected

with a plastic wing-shaped holder that is used for fragile veins; it may be used attached to a syringe or with a luer adapter

CAP (College of American Pathologists)— a

medical society comprised exclusively of pathologists serving over 15,000 physician members and the laboratory community worldwide that is widely considered the leader in providing laboratory quality improvement programs

capillary— a small blood vessel connecting arteri-

oles with venules

capillary action— the process by which blood auto-

matically  ows into a thin tube during a capillary blood collection procedure

capillary puncture— also called a skin puncture;

this refers to puncturing the skin by means of a lancet to obtain a blood sample. This sample is a mixture of blood from arterioles, venules, and capillaries.

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).

Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

223

224

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GLOSSARY

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention)—

Health and Human Services. Its function is to promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury

central venous catheter— an arti cial line placed

into the patient’s body with the purpose of obtaining blood samples, administering drugs, supplying nutrition, and transfusing blood products

cephalic vein— prominent vein in the forearm

utilized for venipuncture

circulatory system— the system that comprises

blood, blood vessels, lymphatics, and heart, and is concerned with the circulation of the blood and lymph

cirrhosis— in ammation of an organ, particularly

the liver

CLIA 1988— the Clinical Laboratory Improve-

ment Amendments of 1988, mandating that all laboratories must be regulated according to the same standards, regardless of location, type, or size

clot— a clump of material formed out of the con-

tents of blood

CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Insti-

tute; formerly NCCLS)—

standards for specimen collection and handling to protect the patient from injury and negative outcomes

coagulation— cessation of bleeding; formation of a

clot. The clotting process consists of the action of blood vessels, platelets, and coagulation factors

colitis— in ammation of the colon collaborator— one who assists, acts as a partner communication— the transmission of information competence— pro compromiser— one who adapts, adjusts, negotiates con dentiality— the protected right of health pro-

fessionals not to disclose information pertaining to a client that is obtained during the delivery of health care services

con ict— clash, confrontation, difference, opposi-

tion, unrest

contact precautions— protective measures that re-

duce the risk of transmission of diseases through direct or indirect contact

contaminated— referring to the presence of blood

or infectious material on an item or surface

controller— one who rules, manages

an agency of the Department of

, and disability

an institute that sets

ciency

, skill, knowledge

courtesy— respect, consideration, attention, man-

ners, politeness

credibility— integrity, trustworthiness, honesty cupping— a technique of bloodletting in which a

vacuum is induced into a cup or glass. The glass is placed over the skin and the vacuum brings blood to the surface. The skin is cut and blood is allowed to  ow.

customer— anyone to whom a service or a product

is provided

cyanotic— displaying blueness of the skin, as from

imperfectly oxygenated blood

cytopathology— the science involved with disease

at the cellular level

decontamination— the use of physical or chemical

means to destroy bloodborne pathogens on a surface to the point where they are no longer able to transmit infectious particles

deontology— an ethical theory based on moral

obligation or commitment to others

diastole— the resting phase of the heart muscle’s

contraction

distal— situated away from the center of the body dorsal— relating to the back side droplet precautions— protective measures that

produce the risk of transmission of diseases that can be transmitted through contact with mucous membrane of the nose, mouth, or eyes

edematous— swollen due to an accumulation of

excess  uid in the tissue

egoism— an ethical theory that considers self-

interest the goal of all human actions

embolus— an abnormal particle (like an air bubble)

circulating in the blood

engineering controls— physical and mechani-

cal devices designed to reduce or eliminate the hazards of transferring potentially infectious diseases

enzymes— protein substances produced by living

cells; they are essential to life, as they act as catalysts in metabolism

erythrocyte— red blood cell ethics— an area of philosophy that examines val-

ues, actions, and choices to determine right and wrong

GLOSSARY

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225

etiology— the science and study of diseases and

their causes and origins

evacuated collection system— a venous blood

collection system that involves a double-pointed needle and vacuumized collection tubes. The vacuum draws blood into the tube

excretory organs— organs that discharge wastes

from the body

external customer— someone to whom a service is

provided who is not employed by the health care facility

 ltrates—  uid that remains after a liquid is passed

through a membranous  lter

gauge— needle bore size gauze— loosely woven cotton fabric, available in

sterile packets

granulocyte— a cell with granule-containing

cytoplasm

HBV— hepatitis B virus HCV— hepatitis C virus hematoma— a swelling or mass of blood, usually

clotted, in an organ or tissue, caused by a ruptured blood vessel due to injury

hematopoiesis— the formation of blood cells in the

body

hemochromatosis— a disorder of iron

metabolism

hemoconcentration— increased localized blood

concentration of molecules such as cells, proteins, and coagulation factors

hemoglobin— an iron-containing protein pigment

present in red blood cells. It functions primarily to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body

hemostasis— the process of coagulation, or clot

formation, that repairs vessel damage and stops blood loss

heparin— a drug used as an anticoagulant HICPAC (Healthcare Infection Control

Practices Advisory Committee)— a com-

mittee whose primary function is to issue recommendations for preventing and controlling nosocomial infections in the form

of guidelines, resolutions, and informal communications

HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and

Accountability Act)—

for the privacy of health insurance

histopathology— science involved with the disease

of tissue

HIV— human immunode ciency hub— clear humors— 

, plastic section of the needle uids in the body

a federal protection law

virus

insulin— hormone that regulates the metabolism of

glucose

internal customer— someone to whom a service is

provided who is an employee of the health care facility

interstitial  uid—  uid between the tissues

JCAHO (Joint Commission on Accredita-

tion of Healthcare Organizations)—

known as the Joint Commission. An independent, not-for-pro and accredits health care organizations in the United States

t organization that evaluates

Now

lancet— a small surgical blade used to puncture the

skin

lateral— referring to the side latex allergy— an allergic reaction that can

result from repeated exposures to proteins in natural rubber latex through skin contact or inhalation

leech— a blood-sucking worm utilized in

bloodletting

leukocyte— white blood cell ligate— to tie a blood vessel with silk thread, wire,

or 

lament to stop bleeding

listening— paying attention, making an effort to

hear and understand

loyalty—  rm lymphocyte— a leukocyte produced in the

lymphoid tissue; lymphocytes are the cellular elements of lymph and play a role in the body’s immune system

lymphostasis— lack of 

system; stoppage of lymph  ow

allegiance

uid drainage in the lymph

226

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GLOSSARY

median cubital vein— vein in the antecubital area

that is most commonly used for venipuncture

message— any communication, written or oral, from

one person to another

monocyte— a large leukocyte formed in bone

marrow

, with abundant cytoplasm and a kidneyshaped nucleus; ingests bacteria and debris in tissues

morning rounds— a batch of laboratory test orders

scheduled for early morning collection

Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act— a

bill signed November 6, 2000, that contains an amendment to OSHA’s bloodborne pathogen standard to ensure more widespread use of safer medical devices to prevent dangerous needlesticks. The legislation requires employers to identify and provide safer equipment for their staffs

nephron— structural and functional unit of the

kidney

neutrophil— leukocyte that engulfs and digests

pathogens found in tissues. Its granules stain with neither basic nor acid dyes

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational

Safety and Health)—

sible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related disease and injury. It is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

nosocomial— a disorder associated with being

treated in a hospital, but unrelated to the patient’s primary condition

a federal agency respon-

osteomyelitis— an in ammatory disease of the

bone, resulting from infection

pathogens— disease-producing agents patient-focused care— an approach to health care

in which services are simpli ed, decentralized, and placed close to the patient

Patient’s Bill of Rights— a protection of rights for

the health care patient, such as the rights to human dignity, privacy, con dentiality consent, and refusal of treatment

peripheral circulation— includes both the

systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation

personal protective equipment (PPE)— special-

ized clothing or equipment worn by a professional for protection against a hazard.

phenylalanine— amino acid essential for the

growth in children and for the metabolism of protein

phlebotomist— an individual trained and skilled in

obtaining blood samples for clinical testing

plantar— relating to the sole of the foot plasma— the yellow  uid component of blood point-of-care testing— collection of a blood sample

and immediate testing at the site of client care

polycythemia— abnormal increase in the number

of erythrocytes in the blood

portal vein— a short vein that receives branches

from several veins leading from abdominal organs and then enters the liver

pulmonary circulation— the 

lungs

, informed

ow of blood to the

obligationism— an ethical theory that attempts to

resolve ethical dilemmas by balancing distributive justice with the promotion of good and the prevention of harm

occult— hidden OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health

Administration)— a federal agency that de-

velops and promotes occupational safety and health standards, develops and issues regulations, conducts investigations and inspections, and issues citations and proposes penalties for noncompliance with safety and health standards and regulations

quality assurance— established policies and proce-

dures to ensure that laboratory testing is carefully monitored from beginning to end, including collection of specimens

re ective listening— repeating what has been

heard back to the speaker

reliability— accurate, dependable performance respiratory system— consists of the nose, nasal cav-

ity

, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

responsiveness— readiness to provide prompt

service

GLOSSARY

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227

risk management— the monitoring of patterns and

trends in the health care environment to assure the safety of patients and professionals

routine collection— orders collected per individual

laboratory policy

saline— a solution containing sodium chloride used

as a plasma substitute and a means to correct electrolyte imbalances

security— assurance, certainty, safety septicemia— the presence in the bloodstream of

infectious microorganisms or their toxins

sharp— an object that can penetrate the skin such as

a needle, scalpel, broken glass, broken capillary tube, or lancet

social contract theory— an ethical theory based on

the assumption that the least advantaged are the norm, with income, liberty, opportunity, and selfrespect distributed equally

standard precautions— combines many of the

basic principles of universal precautions with techniques of body substance isolation

stat— at once, immediately. From the Latin word

statim

sterilize— to use a physical or chemical procedure

to destroy all microbial life

syringe— a device used for drawing out (or inject-

ing) a quantity of  uid

systemic circulation— the 

body, exclusive of the pulmonary circulation

systole— the active, or contracting, phase of the

heart muscle’s contraction; the upper number of a blood pressure reading

ow of blood to the

tangibles— things that are actual and concrete teamwork— the subordination of the individual’s

tasks or goals to the common purpose of the group

teleology— an ethical theory that determines right

or good based on an action’

tetany— a disorder characterized by muscular

twitching, cramps, and convulsions

s consequences

thrombocyte— platelet thromboplastin— a lipoprotein that promotes blood

clotting; found in platelets

thrombosed— occluded, or blocked, by a blood clot thrombus— a clot of blood formed within a blood

vessel and remaining attached to its point of origin

timed collection— orders collected at a speci ed

collection time

tourniquet— a length of rubber or synthetic rub-

ber tied around the arm to arrest blood  ow increase venous  lling

tunica adventitia— an enclosing tissue that makes

up the outer layer of the artery wall

tunica intima— the innermost membrane of the

artery wall

tunica media— the middle layer of the artery wall

and

understanding— appreciation, sensitivity,

comprehension

universal body substance precautions— an

approach to infection control that considers all human blood and certain body  uids to be infectious and handles them as such infectious

urinary system— consists of the kidneys, ureters,

urinary bladder, and urethra

urine—  uid secreted by the kidneys urobilinogen— compound formed in the intestine

from the breakdown of bilirubin

values— strongly held personal and professional

beliefs about worth and importance

vein— a vessel that carries blood back to the heart venipuncture— a puncture of a vein with the pur-

pose of withdrawing blood

ventricles— the two chambers of the heart that

receive blood from the corresponding atria and force it into the arteries

venule— a small vein connecting the capillaries with

the larger systemic veins

Index

https://t.me/med1917

abdominal aorta, 67 ABO blood typing, 168 access, de nition, 205 accommodator

as con ict style, 198–199, 201 de nition, 197

acid phosphatase (ACP) test, 168–169 activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

test, 169 aerobic, de nition, 129 AIDS (autoimmune immunode ciency syndrome)

as biological hazard, 40 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test, 169 alcohol (ethyl/legal/medical) test, 169 aldolase test, 169 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test, 169 American Certi cation Agency (ACA), 209 American Hospital Association, patient

rights and, 19

American Medical Technologists

(AMT), 209

American Society of Clinical Pathologists

(ASCP) on arterial punctures, 4 as certifying agency, 209–210

ammonia test, 170 amylase test, 170 anaerobic

blood cultures and, 133 de nition, 129

anion gap, 176 antecubital

alternative sites, 149–151 bloodletting and, 8 de nition, 3, 97–98

antibody testing, 177, 180 anticoagulant, de nition, 79, 88 antinuclear antibody (ANA) test, 170

aorta

de nition, 59, 62

location, 67 arterial blood gases test, 170 arterial puncture, de nition, 3–4 arteries

blood  ow and, 63

de nition, 59, 63

 rst ligation of, 7

overview of systemic circulation and, 67 arteriole, de nition, 59 arterioles

blood  ow and, 63

de nition, 63 arteriotomy, de nition, 3 articulation

as communication skill, 189–191

de nition, 187 ASAP (as soon as possible)

de nition, 97

prioritizing orders and, 99 aseptic, de nition, 97–98 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test, 171 atherosclerosis

cholesterol test and, 172

de nition, 167

triglycerides test and, 181 atria, de nition, 59, 60 avoider

as con ict style, 198–199, 201

de nition, 197 axillary vein, 66, 68

B lymphocytes, function/life span of, 72 Baptist Health South Florida, 25 basilic vein, 66, 68

de nition, 3, 97

Harvey and, 7

and site selection for venipuncture, 102

228

INDEX

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229

basophils, de nition/function/life span of, 71–73 battery, de nition, 3, 21 Becton Dickinson Eclipse Needle, 85 Bellevue Hospital Center (New York), 25 Betadine, de nition, 79, 83 bevel, de nition, 79, 83–84 bile

bilirubin test and, 171 de nition, 167

bilirubin

bilirubin test and, 171 de nition, 167

urinalysis test and, 181–182 bilirubin test, 171 biohazard symbol, 50–51 biological hazards

chemical safety and, 52–53

electrical safety and, 53–54

engineering controls and, 42–44

glove removal and, 48–50

hand washing and, 45–46

hepatitis B vaccine and, 50–51

housekeeping and, 50

latex allergies and, 51–52

material safety data sheets (MSDS) and, 53

one-handed recapping method, 47

PPE and, 47–48

radiation safety and, 54

UBSP and, 40–41

work practices and, 44–45 bladder, 161–162 bleeding bowls, 9–10 bleeding, prolonged, 75 bleeding time test, 136–140, 171 blood

ABO blood typing, 168

B lymphocytes, 72–73

basophils, 71–72

clotting of, 74–75

complete blood count (CBC) test, 173

composition of skin puncture blood, 119

eosinophils, 71–72

erythrocytes, 71–72

hematopoiesis and, 69–70

leukocytes, 71–73

major components of, 69–70

monocytes, 72–73

neutrophils, 71–72

occult blood in stool test, 178

plasma and, 66, 69 Rh typing test, 180 T lymphocytes, 72–73 thrombocytes (platelets), 72–75 transfusions as complicating factors of site

selection, 105 blood bank department of pathology laboratory, 27 blood collection. See collection procedures (special) blood collection equipment

blood collection tubes (venipuncture), 88–90 blood transfer device (venipuncture), 87–88 collection supplies assembly, 105–106 collection tray (capillaries), 80, 92 cotton covering (venipuncture), 80–81 devices (capillaries), 91–93 disinfectant (venipuncture), 83 disposal units (venipuncture), 90–91 gloves (venipuncture), 91 hypodermic needles (venipuncture), 85 lancet (capillaries), 91–92 lancets, 9, 79, 122, 126 multiple-sample needles (venipuncture), 84–85 needle holder (venipuncture), 86 needle types (venipuncture), 83–84 syringe (venipuncture), 86–87 tape (venipuncture), 90 tourniquet (venipuncture), 81–83

wing-tipped (butter y) needles (venipuncture), 86 blood cultures, 133–135, 172 blood dilution, 91–93 blood transfer device (venipuncture), 87–88 blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test, 172 blood vessels

arteries, 63–64, 67

capillaries, 63–65

circulation and, 61–62

cross section, 64

veins, 63–66, 68–69 bloodborne pathogens, de nition, 37 bloodletting

arteriotomy as procedure, 10

cupping as procedure, 11

instruments for, 9

leeching as procedure, 11–12

major points for, 8

scari cation as procedure, 11

venesection as procedure, 9–10 bone marrow, 70, 73 Bowman’s capsule, 160

230

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INDEX

brachial artery, 66–67 brachiocephalic artery, 67 brachiocephalic vein, 68 burns as complicating factors, 105 butter y needles

de nition, 79, 86 procedure using syringe/butter y needle

collection system, 112–114

calcium test, 172 cannula as complicating factor, 105 CAP (College of American Pathologists)

de nition, 37 general information, 39

capillaries

blood  ow and, 63 de nition, 59, 65

capillary action

collection devices and, 121

de nition, 117 capillary pipettes, 91–92 capillary puncture. See also venipuncture (skin

puncture)

de nition, 3–4 carbon dioxide content, 176 carotid artery, 67 CDC (The Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention) de nition, 37 general information, 39

Cedar -Sinai Medical Center (California), 25 cell counts, 73. See also leukocytes central venous catheters (CVC)

de nition, 143 PICC and, 151–153

cephalic vein, 66, 68

de nition, 97–98

certi cation, 209–210 chemical safety, 52–53 chemistry department of pathology

laboratory, 26

chloride, 175–176 cholesterol test, 172 chromosome analysis test, 172–173 circulatory system

blood and, 66–75 blood vessels and, 61–65 de nition, 59

early beliefs of, 6–7 heart and, 60–61

cirrhosis

de nition, 167

magnesium test and, 178 clean-catch urine specimen, 163–165 clinical assignment

expectations for phlebotomists, 31–32 clinical laboratory departments, 26–27 clot

blood cultures and, 134

nition, 3, 6

de clot activators, 88 CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute)

de nition, 37

general information, 40 coagulation, de nition, 59 coagulation department of pathology laboratory, 27 colitis

de nition, 167

magnesium test and, 178 collaborator

as con ict style, 198–199, 201

de nition, 197 collection by routine venipuncture. See venipuncture

(routine)

collection by skin puncture. See venipuncture (skin

puncture)

collection devices

routine venipuncture and, 105–106

skin puncture and, 121–122

urine and, 162–164 collection procedures (special)

bleeding time test, 136–140

blood cultures, 133–135

children, 146–147

elderly, 147–149

infants, 144–146

newborn screening, 130–132

oral glucose tolerance testing, 135–136 collection requisition/order, 99 collection tray, 92 Columbus, Realdus, 7 communication, de nition, 205 communication skills. See also con ict management

listening, 187, 191–192

speaking, 187–191

telephone techniques and, 192–193 compassion of phlebotomist, 14–15

INDEX

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231

competence, de nition, 205 complete blood count (CBC) test, 173 compromiser

as con ict style, 198–199, 201

de nition, 197 conduct, 14 con dentiality

de nition, 3

HIPAA and, 20–21

legal issues and, 21 con ict, de nition, 197 con ict management

con ict styles and, 198–199

problem-solving, 202

situational survey, 200–201 connective tissue, blood as, 66 contaminated

de nition, 37

and OSHA reduction of bloodborne pathogen

exposure, 42 continuous quality improvement (CQI), 21 controller

as con ict style, 198–199, 201

de nition, 197 cortisol test, 173 costs, patient-focused care and, 155–156 courtesy, de nition, 205 creatine kinase (CK) test, 173–174 creatinine clearance test, 174 creatinine test, 174 credibility, de nition, 205 culture urine collection, 165 cupping, de nition, 3, 11 customer, de nition, 205 cyanotic

de nition, 117

heelsticks and, 120 cytogenetics department of pathology laboratory, 27 cytologic study of urine test, 174–175 cytopathology, de nition, 3 cytopathology department of pathology laboratory, 27

decontaminate, de nition, 37 deontology

de nition, 3

as type of ethical theory, 17 dermatitis due to latex allergy, 52

diastole, de nition, 59, 61 diet restrictions, 101 digoxin test, 175 disinfectant (venipuncture), 83 disposal of sharps. See disposal units (venipuncture), 90–91 dorsal

and collection of blood from infants, 145

de nition, 143 dorsal hand vein venipuncture, 145–146, 150–151 dorsalis pedis artery, 67 dorsalis venous arch, 68 drug-free workplace, 215 Duke bleeding time test, 137, 171

sharps

earlobes and skin puncture, 119 edema as complicating factor, 105, 120 edematous, de nition, 97 education

clinical assignment expectations for phleboto-

mists, 26–27

study/testing skills for phlebotomists, 28–31 ef ciency of phlebotomist, 15 egoism

de nition, 3

as type of ethical theory, 17–18 elderly, blood collection in, 147–149 electrical safety, 53–54 electrolytes (Na/K/chloride/CO

test, 175–176 emergency patients, 100 employment, 210–216. See also phlebotomist engineering controls

de nition, 37 and OSHA reduction of bloodborne pathogen

exposure, 42–44

enzymes

acid phosphatase (ACP) test and, 168, 168–169 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test, 169 aldolase test, 169 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test, 169 amylase test, 170 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test, 171 creatine kinase (CK) test, 173–174 de nition, 167 lactic acid dehydrogenase (LD) test, 178 renin test, 180

/content/anion gap)

232

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INDEX

eosinophils

as component of blood, 70

de nition/function/life span of, 71–73 Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO), 214–215 equipment. See also blood collection equipment

blood cultures and, 134

collection tubes. See laboratory tests erythrocyte, de nition, 59 erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), 180–181 erythrocytes

de nition, 66, 69–70

production/function/life span of, 71–72

sedimentation rate (erythrocyte sedimentation

rate, or ESR) test, 180–181

ethics

de nition, 3

theories of, 16–18 ethylenediaminetetracetate (EDTA), 88 etiology

blood cultures and, 133

de nition, 129 evacuated blood collection system, 13. See also blood

collection equipment de nition, 79 performing, 106–111 tube guide, 89–90

excretory organs

de nition, 159 urinary system and, 160

external customer, de nition, 205

fainting, 154 family members, 149 fasting blood sugar (FBS), 176 fasting urine specimen, 162 feel/roll/trace/palpate, 103–104 femoral artery, 67 femoral vein, 68 ferritin test, 176  lter paper collection for newborns, 131–132  ltrate

de nition, 159 of urinary system, 160

 ngerstick

procedure for, 122–123 site selection, 119–120

 rst morning urine specimen, 163  stula as complicating factor, 105  eams, 9–10

 exibility, 213–214 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

on glass capillary tubes, 43

Galen of Roman/Greek medicine, 6–7 gastric artery, 67 gauge, de nition, 79, 83–84 gauze, de nition, 79 geriatric blood collection, 147–149 glass capillary tubes, 43 glove removal, 48–49 gloves (venipuncture), 91, 106 glucose (2-hr postprandial) test, 176 glucose (random/fasting) test, 176 glucose tolerance testing (GTT), 135–136 gowns, 50 granulocyte, de nition, 59 granulocytes

de nition/function/life span of, 71, 73

Groshong Lines, 151–153

hand washing procedure, 45–46 Harvey, William, 7 hazards. See biological hazards HBV (hepatitis B virus)

as biological hazard, 40 de nition, 37 and OSHA reduction of bloodborne pathogen

exposure, 50–51

HCV (hepatitis C virus)

as biological hazard, 40

de nition, 37 hearing loss, 148 heart, anatomy/physiology of, 60–61 heelsticks, 124–126 helpfulness of phlebotomist, 14 hematology department of pathology laboratory, 26 hematoma

de nition, 97–98

as reaction, 154 hematoma as complicating factor, 104–105 hematopoieses, de nition, 59 hematopoiesis, de nition, 69–70 hemoconcentration

de nition, 97

and site selection for venipuncture, 102 hemoglobin A1c test, 177 hemoglobin, de nition, 59, 71

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