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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5536_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK OF
DRUGS & ALCOHOL
RELATED HEALTH ISSUES
3G E-LEARNING
Illustrated Handbook of
Drugs & Alcohol Related Health Issues
3G E-LEARNING
© 2017
Edition 2018
3G E-learning LLC
90 Church Street
FL 1 #3514
New York, NY 10008
United States of America
www.3ge-learning.com
email: info@3ge-learning.com
Authored and Edited by 3G E-learning LLC, USA
ISBN: 978-1-68094-643-7
Printed in United States of America
All rights reserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher.
This book contains information obtained from highly regarded resources. A Wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but
the authors, editors, and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the legality of all materials
or the consequences of their use. The authors, editors, and the publisher have attempted to trace
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let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Registered trademark of products or corporate
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Notice: Registered trademark of products or corporate names are used only for explanation and
identification without intent of infringement. Case Studies and/or Images presented in the book are
the proprietary information of the respective organizations, and have been used here specifically
and only for educational purposes. Although care has been taken to check accuracy of formulas and procedures, the detailed methods should be tested further on a small scale before being
adopted commercially.
For more information visit about 3G E-Learning LLC and its products, visit www.3ge-learning.com
EDITORIAL BOARD
Aleksandar Mratinković is born on
May 5, 1988. in Arandjelovac, Serbia.
He has graduated on Economic
high school (2007), The College of
Tourism in Belgrade (2013), and also
has a master degree of Psychology
(Faculty of Philosophy, University
of Novi Sad). He has been engaged
in different elds of psychology
(Developmental Psychology, Clinical Psychology,
Educational Psychology and Industrial Psychology) and
has published several scientic works
Hazem Shawky Fouda has a PhD.
In Agriculture Sciences, obtained his
PhD. From the Faculty of Agriculture,
Alexandria University in 2008, He
is working in Cotton Arbitration
& Testing General Organization
(CATGO).
Dr. Sandra El Hajj, Ph.D. in Health
Sciences from Nova Southeastern
University, Florida, USA is a health
professional specialized in Preventive
and Global Health. With her 12 years
of education obtained from one of the
most prominent universities in Beirut,
in addition to two leading universities
in the State of Florida (USA), Dr. Sandra made sure
to incorporate interdisciplinary and multicultural
approaches in her work. Her long years of studies
helped her create her own miniature world of knowledge
linking together the healthcare eld with Medical
Research, Statistics, Food Technology, Environmental
& Occupational Health, Preventive Health and most
noteworthy her precious last degree of Global Health.
Till today, she is the rst and only doctor specialized in
Global Health in the Middle East area.
Dan Piestun (PhD) is currently a
startup entrepreneur in Israel working
on the interface of Agriculture and
Biomedical Sciences and was formerly
president-CEO of the National Institute
of Agricultural Research (INIA) in
Uruguay. Dan is a widely published
scientist who has received many
honours during his career including being a two-time
recipient of the Amit Golda Meir Prize from the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, his areas of expertise includes
stem cell molecular biology, plant and animal genetics
and bioinformatics. Dan’s passion for applied science
and technological solutions did not stop him from
pursuing a deep connection to the farmer, his family and
nature. Among some of his interest and practices counts
enjoying working as a beekeeper and onboard shing.
Felecia Killings is the Founder and
CEO of LiyahAmore Publishing, a
publishing company committed to
providing technical and educational
services and products to Christian
Authors. She operates as the Senior
Editor and Writer, the Senior Writing
Coach, the Content Marketing
Specialist, Editor-in-Chief to the company’s quarterly
magazine, the Executive and Host of an international
virtual network, and the Executive Director of the
company’s online school for Authors. She is a former
high-school English instructor and professional
development professor. She possesses a Master of Arts
degree in Education and a Bachelor’s degree in English
and African American studies.
Fozia Parveen has a Dphil in
Sustainable Water Engineering from
the University of Oxford. Prior to this
she has received MS in Environmental
Sciences from National University
of Science and Technology (NUST),
Islamabad Pakistan and BS in
Environmental Sciences from Fatima
Jinnah Women University (FJWU), Rawalpindi.
Igor Krunic 2003-2007 in the
School of Economics. After
graduating in 2007, he went on to
study at The College of Tourism,
at the University of Belgrade
where he got his bachelor degree in
2010. He was active as a third-year
student representative in the student
parliament.Then he went on the Faculty of science,
at the University of Novi Sad where he successfully
defended his master’s thesis in 2013. The crown of his
study was the work titled Opportunities for development
of cultural tourism in Cacak“. Later on, he became part
of a multinational company where he got promoted to a
deputy director of logistic. Nowadays he is a consultant
and writer of academic subjects in the eld of tourism.
Dr. Tanjina Nur nished her PhD in
Civil and Environmental Engineering
in 2014 from University of Technology
Sydney (UTS). Now she is working
as Post-Doctoral Researcher in the
Centre for Technology in Water and
Wastewater (CTWW) and published
about eight International journal papers
with 80 citations. Her research interest is wastewater
treatment technology using adsorption process.
Dr. Jovan Pehcevski obtained his
PhD in Computer Science from RMIT
University in Melbourne, Australia in
2007. His research interests include big
data, business intelligence and predictive analytics, data and information sci-
ence, information retrieval, XML, web
services and service-oriented architectures, and relational and NoSQL database systems. He
has published over 30 journal and conference papers
and he also serves as a journal and conference reviewer.
He is currently working as a Dean and Associate Professor at European University in Skopje, Macedonia.
Stephen obtained his PhD from
the University of North Carolina
at Charlotte in 2013 where his
graduate research focused on
cancer immunology and the tumor
microenvironment. He received
postdoctoral training in regenerative
and translational medicine, specically
gastrointestinal tissue engineering, at the Wake Forest
Institute of Regenerative Medicine. Currently, Stephen
is an instructor for anatomy and physiology and biology
at Forsyth Technical Community College.
Michelle holds a Masters of Business
Administration from the University
of Phoenix, with a concentration
in Human Resources Management.
She is a professional author and has
had numerous articles published in
the Henry County Times and has
written and revised several employee
handbooks for various YMCA organizations throughout
the United States.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Glossary of Selected Terms ......................................................................................... vii
Preface ........................................................................................................................ ix
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF DRUGS
Introduction ..................................................................................................................2
Basic concept of Drug Related Health Issues ................................................................ 3
Definitions of Drug and Alcohol Problems..................................................................32
General Principles of Management and Intervention ..................................................40
References .................................................................................................................. 82
CHAPTER 2 ALCOHOL
Introduction ................................................................................................................84
Overview of Alcohol ..................................................................................................85
Alcohol Intoxication ................................................................................................. 127
References ................................................................................................................ 157
CHAPTER 3 TOBACCO
Introduction ..............................................................................................................160
Basic Concept of Tobacco ......................................................................................... 162
Pharmacology ..........................................................................................................174
Chronic System Toxicity ............................................................................................190
Smoking Cessation Strategies .................................................................................... 235
References ................................................................................................................ 248
CHAPTER 4 CANNABIS AND AMPHETAMINES
Introduction ..............................................................................................................252
Overview on Cannabis ............................................................................................. 253
Pharmacology ..........................................................................................................266
Amphetamines .........................................................................................................287
References ................................................................................................................ 303
CHAPTER 5 DRUGS RELATED HEALTH ISSUES5
Introduction ..............................................................................................................306
History of Drug Addiction and Drug Abuse .............................................................. 310
What is Drug Abuse and Addiction? ......................................................................... 313
What does a Drug and Alcohol Abuse Counselor do? ...............................................327
Alcohol Abuse Careers .............................................................................................334
Drug and Alcohol Worker .........................................................................................340
References ................................................................................................................ 345
Index ....................................................................................................................... 347
GLOSSARY OF SELECTED TERMS
Alcohol dehydrogenases are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many
organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones
with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ to NADH).
Alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is
bound to a saturated carbon atom.
Alertness is the state of active attention by high sensory awareness such as being watchful
and prompt to meet danger or emergency, or being quick to perceive and act.
Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the
treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.
Behavior is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms,
systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with themselves or their environment.
Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms,
including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, identification and
taxonomy.
Counseling is the activity of the counselor, or a professional who counsels people
especially on personal problems and difficulties.
Customer is the recipient of a good, service, product or an idea - obtained from a seller,
vendor, or supplier via a financial transaction or exchange for money or some other
valuable consideration.
Diazepam is a medication of the benzodiazepine family that typically produces a
calming effect.
Ethanol is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.
Harm reduction is a range of public health policies designed to reduce the harmful con-
sequences associated with various human behaviors, both legal and illegal.
Health is the level of functional and metabolic efficiency of a living organism.
Larynx is an organ in the neck of tetrapods involved in breathing, sound production, and
protecting the trachea against food aspiration.
Marijuana is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug
or medicine.
Marijuana is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug
or medicine.
Metabolism is a term that is used to describe all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the living state of the cells and the organism.
Methadone is an opioid used to treat pain and as maintenance therapy or to help with
detoxification in people with opioid dependence.
Organization is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an
association that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment.
Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action, where
a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made.
Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and
treatment of mental disorders.
Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, embracing all aspects of conscious and
unconscious experience as well as thought.
Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine
structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing or
substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with
substituents.
Symptom is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient,
reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease.
Symptom is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient,
reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease.
Vasculum is a stiff container used by botanists to keep field samples viable for
transportation.
Violence is defined by the World Health Organization as “the intentional use of physical
force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person
World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is
concerned with international public health.