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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5535_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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- •Foreword
- •Preface to the Fourth Edition
- •Preface to the Third Edition
- •Contributors
- •Commonly Used Abbreviations in Medical Laboratories
- •Contents
- •29. Biochemical Processes of the Body Under Normal and Pathogenic Conditions
- •Normal and Abnormal Biochemical Processes of the Body
- •Basic Physiology and Biochemistry of the Body
- •Interrelated Metabolic Processes of the Body
- •Functions of Various Organs
- •Biochemical Changes in the Body Under Pathologic Conditions
- •Basic Clinical Biochemistry
- •Diagnostic Biochemical Profiles
- •Review Questions
- •30. Specimen Collection and Processing for Biochemical Analyses
- •Specimens of Biochemistry and their Handling
- •Types of Specimens
- •Review Questions
- •31. Techniques of Analytical Chemistry
- •Introduction to Analytical Chemistry
- •Analytical Chemistry and Clinical Chemistry
- •Applications of the Principles of Analytical Chemistry
- •Instrumentation for Proteomics
- •Osmometry
- •Analytic Techniques for Point-of-Care Testing (POCT)
- •Review Questions
- •32. Automation in Clinical Biochemistry
- •Introduction
- •History of Laboratory Automation
- •Present State of Laboratory Automation
- •Benefits of Automation in Clinical Laboratories
- •Classification of Automated Systems
- •Steps of Automation in Biochemical Analysis
- •Quality Control and Preventive Maintenance
- •Computers in Clinical Laboratories
- •Automation in the Clinical Laboratories of Developing Countries
- •Point-of-Care Testing: A New Approach
- •Time-Saving Devices and Kits
- •Conclusion
- •Review Questions
- •33. Routine Biochemical Test Procedures
- •Introduction
- •Routine Diagnostic Tests in Clinical Chemistry
- •Blood Glucose
- •Serum Protein
- •Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
- •Uric Acid
- •Creatinine
- •Bilirubin
- •Diagnostic Enzymology
- •Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
- •Lipid Profile
- •Thyroid Function Tests
- •Electrolytes
- •Acid–Base Balance and Blood Gases
- •Review Questions
- •34. Biochemical Test Profiles
- •Analytes Commonly Tested in Chemistry Profiles
- •Kidney (Renal) Function Tests
- •Liver Function Tests
- •Cardiac Function Tests
- •Lipid Metabolism
- •Carbohydrate Metabolism
- •Thyroid Function Tests
- •Other Tests of Organ Functions
- •Gastric Function Tests
- •Pancreatic Function Tests
- •Test for Malabsorption
- •Review Questions
- •35. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology
- •Drug and Drug Addiction
- •Diagnostic Screening in Emergency
- •Comments on Commonly used Drugs
- •Classification of Illegal Drugs and Their Uses
- •Toxicology Laboratory and Forensic Medicine
- •Drug Screening in Clinical Chemistry Laboratory
- •Laboratory Assay of Drugs and Poisoning
- •Laboratory Investigation of Drug Abuse
- •Investigation for New Illegal Drugs
- •Popularity of Immunoassay
- •Laboratory Screening for Heavy Metal Poisoning
- •Point-of-Care Testing
- •Review Questions
- •36. Introduction to Histotechnology and Cytotechnology
- •Introduction to Histophathology and Exfoliative Cytology
- •Basic Terminology
- •Histopathology Laboratory Equipment
- •Laboratory Supplies
- •Reagents
- •Routine and Special Staining: A Review
- •Review Questions
- •37. Laboratory Techniques in Histology
- •Overview
- •Logging in of Specimens
- •Preparation of Tissues
- •Processing of Tissues
- •Special Stains and Staining Techniques
- •Routine Staining Procedure in Histology
- •Post Staining Processes
- •Stains for Particular Substances
- •Stains for Microorganisms
- •Staining Kits from Commercial Companies
- •Frozen Section Technique
- •Handling and Embedding Small Tissue Fragments
- •Review Questions
- •38. Laboratory Techniques in Diagnostic Exfoliative Cytology
- •Introduction to Exfoliative Cytology
- •Four Phases of Exfoliative Cytology
- •Collection of Specimens
- •Preparation of Specimens
- •Cytological Stains and Staining Techniques
- •Identifying Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Cells
- •Review Questions
- •Evolution of Tissue/Cellular Level Diagnostics
- •Drying of Paraffin Sections
- •Postanalytical Phase of IHC
- •Panel Markers in IHC
- •Evolution of PCRs
- •Point of care PCR for Clinical Diagnosis
- •Medical Terminology
- •Suffixes and Prefixes in Medical Terminology
- •Glossary of Technical Terms
- •Appendices


Fourth Edition
Volume 3
Medical
Laboratory
Technology
Procedure Manual for Routine Diagnostic Tests
Including Immunohistochemistry and PCR
Chief Editor
Kanai L Mukherjee
Professor Emeritus (Retd.)
Fulbright Professor
Essex Community College
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Co-Editor
Anuradha Chakravarthy
Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd
New Delhi • Bengaluru • Chennai • Kochi • Kolkata • Lucknow • Mumbai
Hyderabad • Jharkhand • Nagpur • Patna • Pune • Uttarakhand


Disaimer
Branches
th
st
nd
Representatives


to
my wife
Late Bibha Mukherjee
who inspired me to reach higher goals
and suered most during the preparation of this book
and
to the Medical Laboratory Technologists of India
who motivated me to compile this book for them


Foreword
I perased with interest the procedure manual compiled by Dr Kanai L Mukherjee in collaboration with
several Indian and American authors. Most of the sections are written jointly by pathologists, technologists
and instructors in medical technology. Thus, the content presents a blend of their rich practical experience in
clinical laboratory activities.
The manual, in three volumes, covers all areas with the minimum necessary theoretical background. The
clinical significance of laboratory findings has been discussed so that the technicians do not lose sight of
the patient. Each chapter admirably deals with the care and use of laboratory equipment and the preparation
of reagents. Topics like haematology, blood banking, microbiology, serology, clinical pathology, clinical
biochemistry, histopathology, and cytology are well covered. All clinical tests are described step-by-step with
down-to-earth practical details to overcome errors. A brief mention of automation in haematology, clinical
biochemistry, and histology has also been made. The contents can be easily understood by the technologists
of developing countries. The narrative of the text reads as if the author is demonstrating the techniques by the
side of the reader; illustrations supplement the narration.
Dr Mukherjee has many years of experience in the supervision and training of medical laboratory
technicians in the United States. Hence, he has a thorough understanding of the most suitable approach for
training clinical laboratory personnel. He has travelled widely in India as a Fulbright Visiting Professor in
Medical Laboratory Technology (1983-1984) and has admirably tailored this manual to conditions in India
and other developing countries by staying in close touch with the clinical laboratory technologists of India.
This manual will not only serve as an indispensable workbench reference book for the medical laboratories
but will also be a valuable guide for the training of clinical laboratory personnel.
Vijaya Hospital Jaganatha Reddy, MD
Madras 600 026 Ex-President
INDIA Indian Association of
Pathologist and Microbiologists


Preface to the Fourth Edition
In our eort to carry the author’s legacy forward, we have attempted to update the material of the book to cover the
latest developments in the technology and the techniques adopted in the modern medical laboratories. The foremost
areas of recent literature include molecular pathology, laboratory information systems, immunohistochemistry and
polymerase chain reaction in clinical diagnosis (popularly called PCRs).
This edition of the book features the following innovative additions to fully educate the readers in all such elds
which are now utilized in medical laboratory diagnosis.
Volume 1
z Phlebotomy/Venipuncture Procedure covering Specic Venipuncture Guidelines, Special Venipuncture
Considerations, Selection of Venipuncture Site
z Proper Use of Safety Equipment
z Laboratory Information Systems
Volume 2
z Molecular Pathology
z Morphology and Life Cycles of Human Parasites
Volume 3
z Basics of Immunohistochemistry
z Polymerase Chain Reaction in Clinical Diagnosis
z Important Appendices covering drug aecting results of blood studies, electrolytes, blood gas analysis and
isotope studies
We do wish that this three volume title should prove as the essential textbook for medical laboratory technology
students and a valuable reference for the medical laboratory technicians in practice and doctors associated with
diagnostic laboratories.
Publisher
CBS Publishers and Distributor Pvt Ltd
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