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of authors from throughout the world to bring their experience in treating
various diseases and using a great variety of embolic materials. The text is
organized in a very practical way, by anatomic area as well as clinical
activity, all of which represent increasing clinical importance in daily
practice.
I’m certain this will be an extremely valuable text and reference for
anyone practicing embolization therapy and is an important addition to the
body of interventional literature.
My hardy congratulations to the three editors who brought together the
most distinguished interventionalists in the world from multiple disciplines to
contribute to this text.
Barry T. Katzen, MD
E
PREFACE
mbolization procedures have evolved tremendously in the last two
decades and are among the most common procedures performed by
vascular and interventional radiologists. Embolization, although
previously limited to patients with hemorrhagic conditions, has expended to
areas such as the treatment of hepatic malignancies, vascular malformations,
uterine fibroids, and neurovascular conditions among others. In other words,
it has become a commonly used primary or adjunctive procedure for a
growing number of indications.
Despite the fact that there are several excellent books about vascular and
interventional radiology procedures, the editors felt it was time to provide
comprehensive and dedicated material on embolization procedures.
Embolization Therapy: Principles and Clinical Applications aims to
provide basic and advanced concepts in embolization. The core of this
textbook contains updated and comprehensive reviews on the most
commonly performed embolization procedures. In addition, we have made
sure that less commonly performed procedures are discussed in similar detail
so that interventionalists can expand their portfolio of services that they are
able to offer their patients. We are pleased that we are able to cover the
breadth of this topic in a single source, which would not have been possible
without contributions from dozens of experienced and recognized
interventionalists from around the world. This book truly presents a global
look at embolization, which has become the core of many interventional
practices.
The Editors
T
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
he editors would like to thank all of our vascular and interventional
radiology, neurointerventional radiology, and vascular surgery
colleagues who dedicated time to work on the chapters within this
text. They have not only updated standard of care techniques but also have
shared personal experiences which are summarized in the “Tips and Tricks”
sections of each chapter. It is our hope that this textbook will prove be a
useful tool to introduce new interventionalists to embolotherapy to serve as
an updated source of information for our more experienced physicians.
The editors are very thankful to Sandra Stringer’s efforts, suggestions,
and help in the review process. The editors also would like to thank and
recognize the work of Grace Caputo, development editor; Harold Medina
from Absolute Service, Inc.; and Amy Dinkel from WKH, who each
tenaciously helped to make this project a reality.
CONTENTS
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
PART I Embolic Materials
Section A: Introduction to Embolic Agents
1 Brief History and Classification of Embolic
Agents
Gary P. Siskin, Tara Murray, and Marcelo Guimaraes
Section B: Coils and Plugs
2 Pushable Coils
Keigo Osuga
3 Detachable Coils
Craig R. Greben, Eric J. Gandras, and Jason J. Naidich
4 Vascular Plugs
Sang Joon Park
5 Gelatin Sponge
Miyuki Sone and Yasuaki Arai
Section C: Particulate Agents
6 Polyvinyl Alcohol Particles
Ajita Deodhar and John A. Kaufman
7 Spherical Embolic Agents
Alan D. Birney and Gary P. Siskin
8 Drug-Eluting Beads
Matthew E. Anderson and Sanjeeva P. Kalva
Section D: Liquid Agents
9 Glue
Yasuaki Arai
10 EVOH/DMSO in Peripheral Application
Ricardo Yamada, Andre Uflacker, Austin Bourgeois, Joshua D. Adams, and
Marcelo Guimaraes
11 Sclerosing Agents
Jordan C. Tasse, Bulent Arslan, and Ulku Cenk Turba
Section E: Catheters
12 Catheters and Catheterization Techniques
Susie J. Park and Gary P. Siskin
PART II Clinical Applications
Section A: Intracranial and Spine Embolization
13 Vascular Malformations
Moneeb Ehtesham, Imad S. Khan, and J Mocco
14 Intracranial Aneurysms
M. Imran Chaudry, Alejandro Spiotta, Raymond Turner, Harris Hawk,
Jonathan R. Lena, and Aquilla Turk
Section B: Head and Neck Embolization
15 Epistaxis
Long Chen, Ali Akber Hazari, Laura MacNeil, and Kieran Murphy
16 Vascular Tumors
Robert F. James, Lacey B. Martin, John R. Gaughen, Jr, and William J. Mack
17 Carotid Blowout Syndrome
Daniel Do and Claudio J. Schönholz
Section C: Thoracic Embolization
18 Hemoptysis
Miguel A. De Gregorio and Alicia Laborda
19 Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistulas
Mary E. Meek and James C. Meek
20 Chest Tumors
Shinichi Hori
Section D: Trauma Embolization
21 Head and Neck Trauma
Goetz Benndorf
22 Thoracoabdominal Trauma
Lawrence J. Keating and Ashley Adamovich
23 Pelvic Trauma
Pierre E. Bize, Yann Lachenal, and Alban Denys
24 Extremity Trauma
Jaime All and John F. Angle
25 Spine and Bone Trauma
Pierre E. Bize, Yann Lachenal, and Alban Denys
26 Iatrogenic Lesions
Yann Lachenal, Alban Denys, and Pierre E. Bize
Section E: Peripheral Embolization
27 Peripheral Vascular Malformations
Jose Luiz Orlando, Francisco Ramos, and Bruno C. Odisio
28 Dysfunctional Hemodialysis Accesses
Dheeraj K. Rajan and Ricardo Yamada
Section F: Gastrointestinal Arterial Embolization
29 Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Rakesh C. Navuluri and Brian Funaki
30 Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Michael Bret Anderson
Section G: Gastrointestinal Venous Embolization
31 Portal Vein Embolization
David Li, Richard H. Marshall, and David C. Madoff
32 Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous
Obliteration
Luke R. Wilkins and Wael E. Saad
Section H: Hepatic Embolization
H.1 Benign Liver Disease
33 Transcatheter Arterial Embolization of Benign
Liver Disease
Chang Jin Yoon and Jae Hyung Park
H.2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma
34 Bland Embolization
Karen T. Brown
35 Oil-Based Chemoembolization
Marcus Presley and Daniel B. Brown
36 Chemoembolization with Drug-Eluting Beads
Julius Chapiro, Rafael Duran, and Jean-François Geschwind
37 Radioembolization
Ryan M. Hickey, Robert J. Lewandowski, and Riad Salem
38 Combined Therapies
Riccardo Lencioni and Marcelo Guimaraes
H.3 Cholangiocarcinoma
39 Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization
(Conventional and with Drug-Eluting Beads)
and Radioembolization
Julius Chapiro, Rafael Duran, and Jean-François Geschwind
H.4 Metastatic Liver Disease
40 Neuroendocrine Tumors
Joseph J. Zechlinski and William S. Rilling
41 Colorectal Liver Disease
C. T. Sofocleous, P. Sideras, and Elena N. Petre
42 Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion
Krishna Kandarpa
Section I: Intravascular Delivery of Therapeutic
Agents
43 Hepatopancreatic Disease
Ricardo Yamada, Christopher Hannegan, J. Bayne Selby, and Marcelo
Guimaraes
44 Vascular Disease
Mark D. Iafrati and Joseph Zuniga
Section J: Abdominal Aorta Aneurysm Endoleaks
45 Abdominal Aorta Aneurysm Endoleaks
Ajita Deodhar and John A. Kaufman
Section K: Visceral Aneurysms
46 Splenic and Gastrointestinal Aneurysms
Daniel C. Brown, Constantino S. Peña, and James F. Benenati
47 Renal Artery Aneurysms
Carlos Abath, Romero Marques, and Marcos Barbosa de Souza Júnior
Section L: Genitourinary Embolization
L.1 Arterial Embolization
48 Renal Cell Carcinoma
Michael Darcy
49 Renal Angiomyolipomas
Gregory Nadolski and S. William Stavropoulos
50 Intractable Hematuria
Romaric Loffroy
51 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Francisco Cesar Carnevale and Airton Mota Moreira
52 Priapism
Daniel Do and Marcelo Guimaraes
L.2 Venous Embolization
53 Varicocele
Raj Ayyagari and Jeffrey S. Pollak
Section M: Gynecologic Embolization
M.1 Arterial Embolization
54 Uterine Fibroids
James B. Spies
55 Adenomyosis
Paul N. M. Lohle
56 Gynecologic Malignancies
Theresa M. Caridi and Richard Shlansky-Goldberg
57 Pelvic Arteriovenous Malformations
Patricia E. Burrows
58 Postpartum Hemorrhage
Omid Kohannim and Justin McWilliams
M.2 Venous Embolization
59 Pelvic Congestion Syndrome
Howard Richard
Section N: Pediatric Embolization
60 Pediatric Embolization
Sergio Sierre
PART III Practice Development and the Future
of Embolotherapy
61 Strategies for the Development of an
Embolotherapy Service
Gary P. Siskin and John C. Dalfino
Index