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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5573_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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- •Foreword
- •Foreword
- •Foreword
- •Contents of Volume I
- •Contents of Volume II
- •Contributors
- •1.1 Introduction
- •1.4.3 Acute Stroke
- •1.4.4 CNS Infection
- •1.4.1 Sepsis
- •1.4.2 Acute Encephalopathy
- •1.4.5 Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
- •1.4.6 Nosocomial Pneumonia
- •1.4.7 Pulmonary Edema
- •1.4.8 Fever
- •References
- •2.1 Introduction
- •2.4 ECG Nomenclature
- •2.4.1 P Wave
- •2.4.2 PR Interval
- •2.4.3 QRS Complex
- •2.4.4 J Point
- •2.4.5 ST Segment
- •2.4.6 T Wave
- •2.4.7 QT Interval
- •2.4.8 U Wave
- •2.4.9 RR Interval
- •2.5.1 P Wave
- •2.5.1.1 Atrial Arrhythmias
- •Atrial Fibrillation
- •Atrial Flutter
- •Atrial Tachycardia
- •Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
- •2.5.1.2 Interatrial Blocks
- •Intermittent Interatrial Block (I-IAB)
- •Advanced Interatrial Block (A-IAB)
- •2.5.2 P-QRS Ratio
- •2.5.2.1 Shortened P-QRS Ratio
- •Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW)
- •Junctional Rhythm
- •Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)
- •2.5.2.3 Prolonged P-QRS Ratio
- •2.5.3 PR Interval
- •2.5.3.1 Shortened PR Interval
- •2.5.3.2 Prolonged PR Interval
- •2.5.3.3 Second-Degree AV Block
- •Advanced AV Block
- •Third-Degree AV Block (Complete Heart Block)
- •2.5.4 PR Segment
- •2.5.4.1 PR-Segment Elevation
- •2.5.4.2 PR-Segment Depression
- •Acute Pericarditis
- •Acute Myocardial Ischemia
- •2.5.5 Q Waves
- •2.5.6 QRS Complex
- •2.5.6.1 Heart Rate
- •2.5.7 QT Interval
- •2.5.8 ST Segment
- •2.5.8.1 ST-Segment Depression
- •2.5.8.2 ST-Segment Elevation
- •2.5.9 T Waves
- •2.5.9.1 Inverted T Wave
- •2.5.9.2 Flattened T Wave
- •2.5.9.3 Peaked T Wave
- •References
- •Further Reading
- •3.1 Introduction
- •3.2.2 Nasogastric Tube
- •3.2.3 Central Venous Catheters
- •3.2.4 Cardiac Devices
- •3.2.5 Arterial Catheters
- •3.3 Cardiopulmonary Abnormalities
- •3.3.1 Pulmonary Edema
- •3.3.2 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- •3.3.3 Atelectasis
- •3.3.4 Aspiration
- •3.3.5 Pneumonia
- •References
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.5 Modes of Mechanical Ventilation
- •4.5.1 Volume Control Ventilation
- •4.5.2 Pressure Control Ventilation
- •4.5.3 Pressure Support Ventilation
- •4.6 Patient-Ventilator Interactions
- •4.6.1 Trigger Dyssynchrony
- •4.6.2 Flow Dyssynchrony
- •4.6.3 Cycle Dyssynchrony
- •4.9.1 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- •4.9.2 Severe Asthma Exacerbation
- •4.11 Summary
- •5.10 Neuromuscular Blockade
- •References
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.3 Pathobiology
- •5.4 ARDS Phenotypes
- •5.5 Lung-Protective Ventilation
- •5.6 Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
- •5.7 Conservative Fluid Management
- •5.8 Moderate-to-Severe ARDS
- •5.9 Prone Positioning
- •5.11 Corticosteroids
- •5.12 Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators
- •5.13 Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
- •5.14 Survivorship
- •References
- •6.1 Introduction/Epidemiology
- •6.2 Physiology
- •6.2.2 Physiology During COPD Exacerbation
- •6.4 Pharmacologic Treatment
- •6.4.1 Bronchodilators
- •6.4.1.1 Mechanism
- •6.4.2 Glucocorticoid Therapy
- •6.4.2.1 Mechanism
- •6.4.2.4 Duration
- •6.4.3 Antimicrobials
- •6.4.3.1 Antibiotic Patient Selection
- •6.4.4.1 Nonpharmacologic Interventions
- •6.4.4.2 Opioids
- •6.4.4.3 Benzodiazepines
- •6.4.4.4 Dexmedetomidine
- •6.4.4.5 Ketamine
- •6.4.5 Adjunctive Therapies
- •6.4.5.1 Magnesium
- •6.4.5.3 Vitamin D
- •6.4.5.4 Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis
- •6.4.5.5 Smoking Cessation
- •6.4.5.6 Bowel Regimen
- •6.4.5.7 Mucolytics
- •6.4.5.8 Nutrition
- •6.4.5.9 Post-Discharge Adjuncts
- •6.5 ICU-Level Interventions
- •6.5.1 Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation
- •6.5.2 High-Flow Nasal Canula
- •6.5.3 Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
- •6.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •7.1 Introduction
- •7.1.1 What Is Asthma?
- •7.2 Diagnosis
- •7.2.1 Physical Examination
- •7.2.2 Laboratory Data
- •7.2.3 Radiographic Findings
- •7.3.1 Standard-of-Care Therapy
- •7.3.3 Potential Adjunctive Therapies
- •7.3.3.1 Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICSs)
- •7.3.3.4 Intravenous (IV) Aminophylline
- •7.3.3.5 Intravenous (IV) Beta2-Agonists
- •7.3.3.6 Leukotriene Antagonists (LTRAs)
- •7.3.3.7 Intramuscular (IM) or IV Epinephrine
- •7.3.3.8 Inhaled Anesthetics
- •7.3.3.9 Inhaled Helium-Oxygen (Heliox)
- •7.3.3.10 Intravenous Ketamine
- •7.3.4.1 Subcutaneous (SC) Biologics
- •7.4.1 Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV)
- •7.4.2 Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV)
- •7.6.1 Outpatient Follow-Up
- •7.7 Summary
- •References
- •8.1 Introduction
- •8.1.3.2 Anatomic Location
- •8.1.3.3 Chronicity
- •8.1.4 Clinical Presentation
- •8.1.4.1 Symptoms
- •8.1.4.2 Physician Examination
- •8.1.4.3 Cardiopulmonary Compromise
- •8.2.1.1 Clinical Pretest/Scores
- •8.2.1.2 D-Dimer-Level Interpretations
- •8.2.2 Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA)
- •8.2.3 Mortality Risk Assessment
- •8.2.3.1 PE Severity Index Score
- •8.2.3.2 Prognostic Indicators
- •8.3.2 High-Risk PE
- •8.4 Systemic Thrombolytic Therapy
- •8.4.1.1 High-Risk PE
- •8.4.1.2 Intermediate-Risk PE
- •8.4.1.3 Cardiac Arrest
- •8.5.2 Percutaneous Mechanical Interventions
- •8.5.2.2 Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis
- •8.5.3 Surgical Embolectomy
- •8.5.4 Mechanical Circulatory Support
- •8.6.1 PE Response Team (PERT)
- •8.6.3.1 Renal Dysfunction
- •8.6.3.4 Cancer
- •8.6.3.5 Treatment Failure
- •8.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •9.1.2 ECMO Outcomes
- •9.2 ECMO During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (eCPR)
- •9.2.1 Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal
- •9.3 ECMO Management
- •9.3.3 Fluid Management
- •9.4.1 Coagulation Changes
- •9.4.2 Transfusion Thresholds
- •9.4.3.1 Heparin
- •9.4.3.2 Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
- •9.4.4 Monitoring Anticoagulation
- •9.6.2.1 Opioids
- •9.6.2.2 Ketamine
- •9.6.2.3 Propofol
- •9.6.2.4 Benzodiazepines
- •9.6.2.5 Dexmedetomidine
- •9.7.1 Aminoglycosides
- •9.7.2 Beta-Lactams
- •9.7.4 Antifungals
- •9.9 Other Complications
- •9.9.1 Bleeding
- •9.9.2 Thrombosis
- •9.9.3 Neurologic
- •9.10 Conclusion
- •References
- •10.1 Type 1–5 Myocardial Infarctions
- •10.2 Acute Coronary Syndrome (Type 1 MI)
- •10.3 Clinical Presentation/Evaluation
- •10.4 Non-pharmacologic Therapy
- •10.5 Pharmacologic Therapy
- •10.5.1 Fibrinolytics
- •10.5.2 Anticoagulants
- •10.5.2.1 Heparins
- •10.5.2.2 Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
- •10.5.3 Antiplatelets
- •10.5.3.1 Aspirin
- •10.5.3.2 P2Y12 Inhibitors
- •Clopidogrel
- •Prasugrel
- •Ticagrelor
- •10.5.3.3 Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Inhibitors
- •10.5.3.4 Cangrelor
- •10.7 Long-Term Management
- •10.7.1 High Bleed Risk (HBR)
- •10.7.2 Statins
- •10.7.3 Beta-Blockers
- •10.7.5 Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
- •References
- •11.1 Introduction
- •11.2.2 What is Ejection Fraction?
- •11.4 Understanding Blood Pressure
- •11.5 Preload vs. Afterload
- •11.6 Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
- •11.6.2 Etiology
- •11.8 Treating Volume Overload
- •11.8.1 Loop Diuretics
- •11.9 Intravenous Vasodilators
- •11.10 Cardiogenic Shock
- •11.10.1 Inotrope Clinical Pearl
- •11.12 Digoxin
- •11.12.3 Loading Dose
- •11.12.4 Maintenance Dosing
- •11.12.5 Monitoring
- •11.12.7 Distribution
- •11.12.8 Drug-Drug Interactions
- •11.12.9 Digoxin Toxicity
- •11.13 ADHF Clinical Pearls
- •11.13.3 Avoid Phenylephrine
- •11.13.4 Use Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
- •11.14 Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy
- •11.15 Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis
- •11.16 Conclusion
- •References
- •12.1 Introduction
- •12.3 Diagnostic Findings
- •12.4.1 Oxygen Therapy
- •12.4.2 Pharmacological Management
- •12.4.3 Mechanical Circulatory Support (MCS)
- •12.5 Pulmonary Hypertension
- •12.6 The Pharmacist’s Role
- •12.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •13.1 Introduction
- •13.2 Atrial Arrhythmias
- •13.2.2 Atrioventricular Blocks
- •13.2.3 Atrial Fibrillation
- •13.2.3.2 Anticoagulation
- •13.2.3.3 Rate vs. Rhythm Control
- •13.2.4 Atrial Flutter
- •13.2.5 Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
- •13.3 Ventricular Arrhythmias
- •13.3.1 Premature Ventricular Complexes
- •13.3.2 Ventricular Tachycardia
- •13.3.2.1 Torsades de Pointes
- •13.3.3 Ventricular Fibrillation
- •13.3.4 Ventricular Arrhythmia Treatment Strategies
- •13.3.4.1 ICD Implantation
- •13.3.4.2 Pharmacologic Treatments
- •13.3.4.3 Catheter Ablation
- •13.4 Conclusion
- •References
- •14.1 Introduction
- •14.3.2 Laboratory Assessment
- •14.3.3 Imaging
- •14.3.4 Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring
- •14.4.1 Distributive
- •14.4.2 Cardiogenic
- •14.4.3 Hypovolemic
- •14.4.4 Obstructive
- •14.5 Management
- •14.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •15.1 Background
- •15.2 Diagnosis
- •15.3 Management
- •References
- •16.1 Introduction
- •16.3 Hemodynamics
- •16.5 Pharmacological Management
- •16.5.1 Hyperosmolar Therapy
- •16.5.3 Barbiturate Coma
- •16.6 Nonpharmacological Treatments
- •16.6.2 Temperature Management
- •16.6.3 Prophylactic Hypothermia
- •16.7 Adjunct Therapies
- •16.7.2 Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis
- •16.7.3 Antibiotic Prophylaxis
- •16.7.4 Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis (SUP)
- •16.7.5 Tranexamic Acid
- •16.7.6 Glucose Targets
- •16.7.7 Steroids
- •16.8 Complications
- •16.8.1 Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity
- •16.8.3 Central Fever
- •16.8.4.1 Diabetes Insipidus
- •16.8.4.3 Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome
- •16.9 Conclusion
- •References
- •17.1 Introductory Case
- •17.2 Introduction
- •17.4 Pathophysiology
- •17.5 Acute Therapies
- •17.5.1 Thrombolytic Therapy
- •17.5.2 Thrombectomy
- •17.5.3 Blood Pressure Management
- •17.5.4 Acute Anticoagulation
- •17.5.5 Antiplatelet Therapy
- •17.6 Early Complications
- •17.6.1 Hemorrhagic Conversion
- •17.6.2 Angioedema
- •17.6.3 Malignant Cerebral Edema
- •17.7 Secondary Prevention
- •References
- •18.1 Introduction
- •18.4 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
- •18.5 Adverse Drug Effects
- •18.7 Anti-seizure Medications
- •18.7.1 Available Parenteral Preparations
- •18.7.1.1 Benzodiazepines: GABAA Receptor Activation
- •18.7.1.2 Other GABAergic Therapies
- •Barbiturates: GABAergic
- •Phenobarbital
- •Pentobarbital Infusion
- •Propofol Infusion: GABAergic
- •18.7.1.3 Second-Line Non-anesthetic ASMs
- •Levetiracetam: Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2A Binding

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