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Ultrasound
ACoreReview


Ultrasound
ACoreReview
EDITORS
RuchiShrestha,MD
AssistantProfessor
DivisionofAbdominalImaging
DepartmentofRadiology
UniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine
Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania
Ka-KeiNgan,MD
AssistantProfessor
DivisionofAbdominalImaging
DepartmentofRadiology
UniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine
Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania

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Copyright©2018WoltersKluwer
Allrightsreserved.Thisbookisprotectedbycopyright.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,
includingasphotocopiesorscanned-inorotherelectroniccopies,orutilizedbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystemwithoutwritten
permissionfromthecopyrightowner,exceptforbriefquotationsembodiedincriticalarticlesandreviews.Materialsappearinginthisbook
preparedbyindividualsaspartoftheirofficialdutiesasU.S.governmentemployeesarenotcoveredbytheabove-mentionedcopyright.To
requestpermission,pleasecontactWoltersKluweratTwoCommerceSquare,2001MarketStreet,Philadelphia,PA19103,viaemailat
permissions@lww.com,orviaourwebsiteatlww.com(productsandservices).
987654321
PrintedinChina
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Shrestha,Ruchi,editor.|Ngan,Ka-Kei,editor.
Title:Ultrasound:acorereview/editors,RuchiShrestha,Ka-KeiNgan.
Othertitles:Ultrasound(Shrestha)|Corereviewseries.
Description:Philadelphia:WoltersKluwerHealth,[2018]|Series:Corereviewseries|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2017032189|ISBN9781496309815(paperback)
Subjects:|MESH:Ultrasonography|ExaminationQuestions
Classification:LCCRC78.7.U4|NLMWN18.2|DDC616.07/543076—dc23LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017032189
Thisworkisprovided“asis,”andthepublisherdisclaimsanyandallwarranties,expressorimplied,includinganywarrantiesastoaccuracy,
comprehensiveness,orcurrencyofthecontentofthiswork.
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Contributors
AnilK.Dasyam,MD
AssociateProfessor
DivisionofAbdominalImaging
DepartmentofRadiology
UniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine
Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania
MyraFeldman,MD
AssistantProfessorofRadiology
ClevelandClinicImagingInstitute
SectionofAbdominalImaging
Cleveland,Ohio
KellyHaarer,MD
AssistantProfessor
DivisionofAbdominalImaging
DepartmentofRadiology
UniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine
Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania
SafwanS.Halabi,MD
ClinicalAssistantProfessor
DivisionofFetalandPediatricRadiology
DepartmentofRadiology
StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine
Stanford,California
MatthewT.Heller,MD,FSAR
AssociateProfessor
DivisionofAbdominalImaging
DepartmentofRadiology
UniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine
Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania
MadeleneC.Lewis,MD
AssociateProfessor
Women’sImaging

DepartmentofRadiology
MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina
Charleston,SouthCarolina
Ka-KeiNgan,MD
AssistantProfessor
DivisionofAbdominalImaging
DepartmentofRadiology
UniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine
Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania
TheodoreSchroeder,MD
DivisionofAbdominalImaging
DepartmentofRadiology
AlleghenyHealthNetwork
AssistantProfessor
DepartmentofRadiologicSciences
DrexelUniversityCollegeofMedicine
Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania
BiattaSholosh,MD
AssistantProfessor
DivisionofAbdominalImaging
DepartmentofRadiology
UniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine
Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania
RuchiShrestha,MD
AssistantProfessor
DivisionofAbdominalImaging
DepartmentofRadiology
UniversityofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine
Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania
ChrisSomerville,MD
CommonwealthRadiology
Richmond,Virginia
PaulJ.Spicer,MD
AssistantProfessor
DivisionsofBreastandMusculoskeletalImaging
DiagnosticRadiologyResidentProgramDirector
DepartmentofRadiology
UniversityofKentucky

Lexington,Kentucky
JulianaJ.Tobler,MD
AssistantProfessor
AbdominalImagingSection
DepartmentofRadiology
UniversityofCincinnatiMedicalCenter
Cincinnati,Ohio

SeriesForeword
Ultrasound: A Core Review covers the most important aspects of ultrasound in a manner that I am
confidentwillserveasausefulguideforresidentstoassesstheirknowledgeandreviewthematerialina
question-styleformatthatissimilartothecoreexamination.
Dr. RuchiShrestha and Dr. Ka-Kei Ngan havesucceeded inproducing a bookthatexemplifiesthe
philosophyandgoalsoftheCoreReviewSeries.Theyhavedoneameticulousjobincoveringkeytopics
andprovidingsuperbimages.Themultiple-choicequestionshavebeendividedlogicallyintochaptersso
astomakeiteasyforlearnerstoworkonparticulartopicsasneeded.Eachquestionhasacorresponding
answerwithanexplanationofnotonlywhyaparticularoptioniscorrectbutalsowhytheotheroptions
are incorrect.There are also referencesprovided for eachquestion for those who want todelve more
deeplyintoaspecificsubject.
The intent of the Core Review Series is to provide the resident,fellow, or practicing physician a
reviewoftheimportantconceptual,factual,andpracticalaspectsofasubjectbyprovidingapproximately
300multiple-choicequestions,inaformatsimilartothecoreexamination.TheCoreReviewSeriesisnot
intendedtobeexhaustivebuttoprovidemateriallikelytobetestedonthecoreexamandthatwouldbe
requiredinclinicalpractice.
AsSeriesEditoroftheCoreReviewSeries,ithasbeenrewardingnotonlytobeanauthorofoneof
the booksbut alsotobe able toworkwithmanyoutstandingindividualsinthe professionofradiology
across the country who contributed to the series. This series represents countless hours of work and
involvementbysomanythatitcouldnothavecometogetherwithouttheirparticipation.Ithasbeenvery
gratifyingtoseethegrowingpopularityandpositivefeedbacktheauthorsoftheCoreReviewSerieshave
receivedfrommanyreviews.
Dr. Ruchi Shrestha, Dr. Ka-Kei Ngan, and their contributors are to be commended on doing an
outstandingjob.IbelieveUltrasound:A CoreReviewwillserve asanexcellentresourceforresidents
duringtheirboardpreparationandavaluablereferenceforfellowsandpracticingradiologists.
BirenA.Shah,MD,FACR
Director,BreastImaging
Director,BreastImagingFellowship
AssociateProfessorofRadiology
VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity
SchoolofMedicine
Richmond,Virginia

Preface
TheABRCoreExaminationisanimage-rich,computer-basedmultiple-choicetestthathasreplacedthe
oralboardsasthequalifyingexaminationforradiologyresidents.Thechangefromanoralexaminationto
the Core Examinationhasledtosignificant changesin boththe contentand formatofthetest.Thereis
nowanincreasedemphasisontheunderstandingofimagingasitrelatestothebroaderclinicalcontextas
wellasnoninterpretiveskills,whichimpactthepracticeofradiology,especiallywithrespecttophysics,
quality,andsafety.Asaresult,thetraditionalmethodsofboardreviewarenolongersufficientforexam
preparation.
This book has been designed as a comprehensive studyguide for radiology residents with a vast
collectionofimage-richmaterialadheringtotheABRquestionandanswerformat.Concisebutthorough
explanations focused on bothimaging features andrelevant clinical considerationsare provided along
withsource references.Thisguidecanalsoserveas preparation fortheCertifying andMaintenance of
Certification(MOC)examinations.
Wededicatethisbooktoourresidentsandfellows,who,withtheircuriosityandenthusiasm,inspire
ustobebettereducatorseveryday.Wewouldliketothankandcommendourcolleaguesfromthevarious
institutionsaroundthecountryfortheircontributionstothisbook.Theirexpertiseandattentiontodetail
hasbeengreatlyappreciated.Thisbookwouldnotexistwithouttheirefforts.Wearealsoverygratefulto
Dr. Biren Shah and the staff at LWW for their guidance. Finally, we are eternally thankful to our
wonderfulfamiliesfortheirsupportandpatiencethroughcountlesshoursofwork.
RuchiShrestha,MD
Ka-KeiNgan,MD
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