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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5770_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Index
363
EBV, 68
non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lymphadenopathy, 65, 66
reactive lymphadenopathy, 57, 58
suppurative lymphadenopathy, 70, 71
tuberculous lymphadenopathy, 60, 61
Plane grayscale ultrasonography
HNSCC, 71–74
malignant lymphoma nodes, 79
Plaque echogenicity, 216
Plaque size, 215
Plaque ulceration and plaque surface irregularities, 215
Pleomorphic adenoma, 167, 173, 181, 244, 246, 247, 312, 316, 334,
337
Polypoid sinusitis, 297
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), 46
Posterior enhancement artifact, 11, 12, 263
Posterior fossa malformations, hemangioma, arterial anomalies,
coarctation of aorta and cardiac defects, eye anomalies,
sternal anomalies (PHACES syndrome), 187, 196
Posterior lymphadenopathy
HNSCC, 84
tuberculous lymphadenopathy, 84
Posttraumatic changes
foreign bodies, 134
hematoma, 133
seroma, 134
Power Doppler ultrasonography, 12, 53, 70, 75, 79
Preseptal disease, 310
Primary epithelial malignancy, 248–250
Primary hyperparathyroidism, 280
Primary parathyroid hyperplasia, 280
Principles of ultrasound physics
artifacts in imaging, 9, 10
comet-tail artifact, 10
mirror image artifact, 11
posterior enhancement artifacts, 11
reverberation artifact, 10
shadowing artifact, 11
Doppler effect, 11–13
in tissues
acoustic impedance, 8, 9
attenuation, 9
contact coupling, 9
reection, 8, 9
refraction, 8
sound speed/velocity, 8
spatial resolution, 9
transmission, 8, 9
untrasound waves
generation and reception, 8
sound waves, 7
Psammoma bodies, 266
Pseudoaneurysm, 184
Pseudohypoparathyroidism, 191
Pseudotumors, 250, 251, 254, 311–313, 316
PTC skip metastasis, 85
Pulse repetition frequency (PRF), 108
Pulsed-wave (pw) Doppler, 26, 108
Purulent intranodal foci, 196
R
Radiation-induced sialadenitis, 241, 242
Radiation therapy, 227, 230
Ranula, 139, 142, 190, 245, 246
Reactive cervical lymphadenopathy, 198
Reactive hyperplasia, 53
Reactive lymphadenitis, 68
Reactive lymphadenopathy, 84
characteristics, 53
plain grayscale ultrasonography, 53, 57, 58
qualitative elastographic assessment, 58
quantitative elastographic assessment, 60
Real-time elastography, 349, 353
Recurrent T4 laryngeal cancer, 327
Reinke’s edema, 328
Retinoblastoma, 315
Reverberation artifact, 10
Rhabdomysarcoma, 315
S
Salivary cyst, 140
Salivary gland lymphoma, 246
Salivary gland tumors, 179, 181, 182, 333–335
carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, 335, 336
cystadenolymphoma, 333, 335–337
incidence of, 333
pleomorphic adenoma, 334
Sarcoidosis, 240, 241
Sarcomas, 190
Schwannomas, 123, 174–176, 184
Secondary epithelial malignancy, 248–250
Secondary hyperparathyroidism, 193, 280, 285
Septic thrombosis of internal jugular vein, 223
Seroma, 134
Shadowing artifact, 11
Shear-wave elastography (SWE), 235, 240, 242, 243, 246,
249, 353
Sialadenosis, 243
Sialendoscopy, 48
Sialolithiasis, 245
extraction of stones, 48, 49
fragmentation of stones, 48
stones for drainage, mobilization of, 47, 48
Sinugenic orbital complication, 310
Sjögren’s syndrome, 235, 237–240, 250, 336–338
Skin tumors and subcutaneous tissue
atheroma, 96, 97
stulas, 106
hemangioma, 107
inltration of skin by metastatic disease, 104, 105
lipomas, 97, 102
lymphatic malformations, 108
vascular malformations, 107, 108
venous malformations, 108
Skull base metastasis, 127
Small carotid body tumor, 125
Small parts transduce, 3
Small parts transducers, 3
Snell’s law, 9
Soft tissue inammation, 95
Soft tissues in face, 291
anatomical remarks, 291
and mastoid
abscesses, 303
benign lesions, 303, 304, 306
malignant lesions, 304, 305
technical remarks, 292
Solid epithelial tumors, 189
Solid lesions, 188
Solid thyroid nodules, 265
364
Index
Solid tumors of neck
carotid body tumors, 123
cystic lesion, 129
ectopic thyroid tissue, 124, 128
external auditory canal, cancer of, 132
intraosseous tumor, 131
large metastasis, 127
in laryngeal skeleton, 124
mastoiditis with subperiosteal abscess, 132
metastatic lymph nodes, 124
neurinoma, 123
right neck, swelling of, 130
squamous cell carcinoma, 131
Sonocompression, 112
Sonographic changes after surgery/radiotherapy, 134–137
Spatial resolution, 9
Spectral Doppler US, 58
Sphenoid sinus, 291
Squamous cell carcinoma, 106, 131, 183
Steinkamp/Solbiati index, 53, 58, 73, 74
Stenotic salivary ducts, treatment of, 45, 46
Stenson’s duct, 244
Strain elastography, 235, 237, 238, 240, 242, 243, 246
Strand-like hypoechogeneity, 236
Sturge-Weber syndrome, 187, 196
Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis, 273
Subcutaneous masses, 304
Subcutaneous process, 106
Submandibular lymphangioma, 254
Submandibular metastasis, 83
Submandibular spaces
inammatory lesions of salivary glands, 188
neoplasms, 188, 189
suprahyoid cystic lesions, 190
Submental approach, 173
Submental cervical lymph node, 82
Submucosal glandular cyst, 322
Supercial tumor, 105
Suppurative lymphadenopathy
characteristics, 70
plain grayscale ultrasonography, 70, 71
qualitative/quantitative elastographic assessment, 71
Supraclavicular vascular malformation, 109
Supraglottic cancer, 157
Suprahyoid cystic lesions, 190
Suprahyoid space
masticator space, 190, 191
parotid and submandibular spaces
inammatory lesions of salivary glands, 188
neoplasms, 188, 189
suprahyoid cystic lesions, 190
Suspicious cervical lymph node, 76, 77
Swan-Ganz catheters, 222
Symmetric hyperplasia, 151
T
T1 cancer of left tongue base, 153
T4 cancer of right tonsil, 149
Teratoma, 310
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism, 280, 285
Tertiary parathyroid hyperplasia, 281
Three-dimensional ultrasound, 218, 349, 351
Thrombosis of internal jugular vein, 222, 223
Thymic cysts, 195
Thymus, 194
Thyroglossal cyst, 114–123
Thyroid cancer, 78, 82, 83, 260, 276, 277
Thyroid carcinoma lymph node metastases, 88
characteristics, 76, 77
qualitative/quantitative elastographic assessment, 77
USFNA and USCB, 78
Thyroid, colloid cyst within, 10
Thyroid cysts, 263, 265
Thyroid gland, 191
Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) classication,
277, 278
Thyroid nodules, 192, 194
Thyroid ultrasound
Graves’ disease, 276
nature of lymph nodes, 259
thyroid nodules, evaluation of
content and echo structure, 263, 265–267
echogenicity, 261–263
elastography, 273, 274
heterogeneous thyroid nodule with irregular shape, 270
internal ow, 271, 272
isoechoic nodule, 271
large nodules, 260
large, relatively homogeneous nodule with irregular shape, 271
large thyroid goiter, 260
margins, 268, 269
oval nodule, 270
peripheral ring of ow, 271, 272
pure thyroid cyst, 273
round nodule, 269, 270
small nodules, 260
taller than wide, 270
thyroid nodules guidelines and classication
American Thyroid Association (ATA), 276, 277
TIRADS, 277, 278
thyroid size measurement, 259
thyroiditis, 273, 276
US characteristics, 259
Thyroiditis, 273, 276
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, 192
Tissue differentiation technology, 3
Tongue base, tumors of, 151
Tongue cancer, 139, 144, 325
Tonsillar cellulitis, 183
Tonsillar hyperplasia, 151
Tonsils, tumors of, 139, 146, 147
Transcervical approaches, 184
Transcervical-transparotid approach, 171
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography, 218, 221, 224, 226–228
Transcranial sonography, 3
Transcutaneous radiotherapy, 242
Transmandibular approaches, 184
Transoral approach, 184
Transoral robotic surgery (TORS), 184
Transparotid approaches, 184
Triplex-mode ultrasound, 207
Tuberculous cervical lymph nodes (TCLN), 60–65, 67
Tuberculous inammation, 64
Tuberculous lymphadenopathy, 84
characteristics, 60
Doppler ultrasonographic assessment of intranodal vascular
resistance, 61
plain grayscale ultrasonography, 60, 61
posterior lymphadenopathy, 84
qualitative/quantitative elastographic assessment, 62
USCB, 63
Index
365
USFNA, 63
Two-dimensional ultrasound mode (2D mode), 10
Typical lipoma, 101
Typical parathyroid adenoma, 285
U
Ultrafast ultrasound microscopy, 351
Ultrasound
anatomy of neck and head
anterior mouth oor, 34
aortic arch, 19
brachiocephalic artery, 19
carotid artery, 19
carotid bifurcation with a calcied plaque, 29
carotid bulb, 27
cervical plexus, 19, 24
cheek, 36, 39
common carotid artery (CCA), 28
cricoid cartilage (CC), 18, 19
device setting and starting examination, 15
esophagus, 15, 18, 19
external carotid artery (ECA), 30
external jugular vein (EJV), 26
facial artery, 32, 34
hilus-like structure, 33
infrahyoid muscles, 15
isthmus of the thyroid (IST), 17
jaw angle, 32
jugular fossa, 18, 19, 22
jugulofacial vein angle (JVA), 27
lateral neck compartments, 23, 26, 30
left thyroid lobe area, 17
lower medial cervical compartment, 16
masseter muscle, 38, 39
medial neck compartment, 15
mouth oor, 35
omohyoid muscle (OHM), 27
parotid gland, 33, 35, 36
retromandibular vein, 38
submandibular gland, 32, 33
supraclavicular artery, 19
supraclavicular region, 18, 23, 24
thyroid, 15
thyroid cartilages, 18
tongue, 33, 36
tonsils, 35, 37
venous valve, 26
vertebral artery, 31
vertebral vein, 31
future
CEUS imaging, 349
computerized ultrasound image analysis, 352
data acquisition, new developments in, 349–351
elastography, 353
4D ultrasound, 351
molecular imaging, 352
targeted therapy, 352, 353
3D ultrasound, 349, 351
Ultrasound elastography (USE), 77
Ultrasound-guided core biopsy (USCB), 53
head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), 76
malignant lymphoma nodes, 80
thyroid carcinoma lymph node metastases, 78
tuberculous lymphadenopathy, 62
Ultrasound-guided ne-needle aspiration (USFNA), 53
head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), 76
malignant lymphoma nodes, 80
thyroid carcinoma lymph node metastases, 78
tuberculous lymphadenopathy, 62
Unilateral/single-quadrant approach, 279
Upper jugular metastasis, 83
V
Vagal neurinoma, 126, 127
Vagal paraganglioma, 176
Vallecular cyst, 154, 155
Vallecular region, tumors of, 151
Valsalva maneuver, 108, 207, 210
Vascular access/cannulas, 46–48
Vascular anomalies, 188
Vascular malformations, 107, 108, 176, 178, 190, 196
Vascular ultrasonography, 205
Venous hemangioma, 197
Venous malformation, 108, 179
Ventriculograms, 1
Vessel malformation, 255
Viral sialadenitis, 237
Vocal cord paralysis, 175
V-shaped thyroid cartilage, 327
W
Warthin’s tumor, 244, 246, 248, 250, 252, 333, 336, 337
World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB), 4
Z
Zenker diverticulum (ZD), 160, 165