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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_6009_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
x
http://pdf-radiology.com
Acknowledgments
http://pdf-radiology.com
Text Editors
Arthur G. Gelsinger, MA
Terry W. Ferrell, MS
Lisa A. Gervais, BS
Karen E. Concannon, MA, PhD
Matt W. Hoecherl, BS
Megg Morin, BA
Image Editors
Jerey J. Marmorstone, BS
Lisa A. M. Steadman, BS
Illustrations
Lane R. Bennion, MS
Richard Coombs, MS
Laura C. Sesto, MA
Art Direction and Design
Tom M. Olson, BA
Laura C. Sesto, MA
Lead Editor
Nina I. Bennett, BA
Production Coordinators
Angela M.G. Terry, BA
Rebecca L. Hutchinson, BA
Emily C. Fassett, BA
xi
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Sections
http://pdf-radiology.com
Section 1:
Normal Anatomy and Techniques
Section 2:
Devices and Instrumentation
Section 3:
Congenital and Genetic Disorders
Section 4:
Disorders of Alignment
Section 5:
Trauma
Section 6:
Degenerative Diseases and Arthritides
Section 7:
Infection and Inammatory Disorders
Section 8:
Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses
Section 9:
Vascular Disorders
Section 10:
Complications
Section 11:
Remote Complications
Section 12:
Dierential Diagnosis
Section 13:
Peripheral Nerve and Plexus
Section 14:
Image-Guided Procedures
xiii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
http://pdf-radiology.com
SECTION 1: NORMAL ANATOMY AND
TECHNIQUES
4 Normal Anatomy Overview
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
10 Craniovertebral Junction
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
20 Cervical Spine
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
30 Thoracic Spine
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
36 Lumbar Spine
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
44 Measurement Techniques
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
50 Normal Postoperative Change: Disc Space
Bryson Borg, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
54 Normal Postoperative Change: Epidural Space
Bryson Borg, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
58 Metal Artifact
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
SECTION 2: DEVICES AND
INSTRUMENTATION
62 Devices and Instrumentation Overview
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
64 Plates and Screws
Lubdha M. Shah, MD
68 Cages
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
72 Subaxial Posterior Instrumentation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
74 Transpedicular Screw Fixation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
76 Cervical Artificial Disc
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
77 Lumbar Artificial Disc
Lubdha M. Shah, MD
78 Interspinous Spacing Devices
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
80 Scoliosis and Devices Instrumentation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
82 Pumps and Catheters
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
SECTION 3: CONGENITAL AND GENETIC
DISORDERS
BONY VARIATIONS
86 C2-C3 Fusion
Kevin R. Moore, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
87 C1 Assimilation
Kevin R. Moore, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
88 Ponticulus Posticus
Kevin R. Moore, MD
89 Ossiculum Terminale
Kevin R. Moore, MD
90 Paracondylar Process
Kevin R. Moore, MD
91 Condylus Tertius
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
92 Posterior Arch Rachischisis
Kevin R. Moore, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
93 Split Atlas
Kevin R. Moore, MD
DIAGNOSES
94 Odontoid Hypoplasia/Aplasia
Kevin R. Moore, MD
95 C1 Dysmorphism/Hypoplastic Arch
Kevin R. Moore, MD
96 Chiari 1
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
97 Complex Chiari
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
98 Chiari 2
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
99 Chiari 3
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
100 Myelomeningocele
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
101 Lipomyelomeningocele
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
102 Lipoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
103 Dorsal Dermal Sinus
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
104 Simple Coccygeal Dimple
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
105 Dermoid Cysts
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
106 Epidermoid Cysts
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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107 Tethered Spinal Cord
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
108 Segmental Spinal Dysgenesis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
109 Caudal Regression Syndrome
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
110 Terminal Myelocystocele
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
111 Anterior Sacral Meningocele
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
112 Occult Intrasacral Meningocele
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
113 Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
114 Klippel-Feil Spectrum
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
115 Failure of Vertebral Formation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
116 Vertebral Segmentation Failure
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
117 Diastematomyelia
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
118 Neurenteric Cyst
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
119 Os Odontoideum
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
120 Lateral Meningocele
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
GENETIC
122 Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
126 Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
130 Down Syndrome
Kevin R. Moore, MD
131 Mucopolysaccharidoses
Kevin R. Moore, MD
132 Achondroplasia
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
133 Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
134 Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
151 Instability
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
SECTION 5: TRAUMA
VERTEBRAL COLUMN, DISCS
154 Fracture Classification
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
160 Atlantooccipital Dislocation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
162 Ligamentous Injury
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
163 Occipital Condyle Fracture
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
164 Jefferson C1 Fracture
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
166 Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
168 Odontoid C2 Fracture
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
170 Burst C2 Fracture
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
171 Hangman's C2 Fracture
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
172 Apophyseal Ring Fracture
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
173 Cervical Hyperflexion Injury
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
174 Cervical Hyperextension Injury
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
175 Cervical Burst Fracture
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
176 Traumatic Disc Herniation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
177 Thoracic and Lumbar Burst Fracture
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
178 Fracture Dislocation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
179 Chance Fracture
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
180 Anterior Compression Fracture
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
181 Sacral Insufficiency Fracture
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
138 Introduction to Scoliosis
142 Scoliosis
146 Kyphosis
148 Degenerative Scoliosis
149 Scoliosis Instrumentation
150 Spondylolisthesis
SECTION 4: DISORDERS OF ALIGNMENT
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
CORD, DURA, AND VESSELS
182 Posttraumatic Syrinx
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
183 Presyrinx Edema
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
184 Spinal Cord Contusion-Hematoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
185 Idiopathic Spinal Cord Herniation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
186 Traumatic Epidural Hematoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
187 Traumatic Subdural Hematoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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SECTION 6: DEGENERATIVE DISEASES
AND ARTHRITIDES
DEGENERATIVE DISEASE
190 Nomenclature of Degenerative Disc Disease
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
194 Degenerative Disc Disease
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
198 Degenerative Endplate Changes
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
200 Disc Bulge
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
201 Anular Fissure, Intervertebral Disc
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
202 Cervical Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
203 Thoracic Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
204 Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
205 Intervertebral Disc Extrusion, Foraminal
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
206 Cervical Facet Arthropathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
207 Lumbar Facet Arthropathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
208 Facet Joint Synovial Cyst
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
209 Baastrup Disease
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
210 Bertolotti Syndrome
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
211 Schmorl Node
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
212 Scheuermann Disease
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
213 Acquired Lumbar Central Stenosis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
214 Congenital Spinal Stenosis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
215 Cervical Spondylosis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
216 DISH
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
217 OPLL
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
218 Ossification Ligamentum Flavum
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
219 Periodontoid Pseudotumor
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
220 Spondylolysis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
INFLAMMATORY, CRYSTALLINE, AND
MISCELLANEOUS ARTHRITIDES
222 Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
226 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
227 Neurogenic (Charcot) Arthropathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
228 Hemodialysis Spondyloarthropathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
230 Ankylosing Spondylitis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
234 CPPD
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
235 Gout
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
SECTION 7: INFECTION AND
INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
INFECTION
238 Pathways of Spread
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
242 Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
246 Tuberculous Osteomyelitis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
247 Fungal and Miscellaneous Osteomyelitis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
248 Osteomyelitis, C1-C2
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
249 Septic Facet Joint Arthritis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
250 Paraspinal Abscess
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
251 Epidural Abscess
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
252 Abscess, Spinal Cord
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
INFLAMMATORY AND AUTOIMMUNE
253 Acute Transverse Myelopathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
254 Multiple Sclerosis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
255 Neuromyelitis Optica
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
256 ADEM
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
257 Sarcoidosis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
258 Grisel Syndrome
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
259 IgG4-Related Disease/Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
SECTION 8: NEOPLASMS, CYSTS, AND
OTHER MASSES
EXTRADURAL NEOPLASMS
262 Spread of Neoplasms
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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266 Blastic Osseous Metastases
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
267 Lytic Osseous Metastases
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
268 Hemangioma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
269 Osteoid Osteoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
270 Osteoblastoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
271 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
272 Giant Cell Tumor
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
273 Osteochondroma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
274 Chondrosarcoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
275 Osteosarcoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
276 Chordoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
277 Ewing Sarcoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
278 Lymphoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
279 Leukemia
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
280 Plasmacytoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
281 Multiple Myeloma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
282 Neuroblastic Tumor
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
INTRADURAL EXTRAMEDULLARY
283 Schwannoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
284 Meningioma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
285 Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
286 Neurofibroma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
287 Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumors
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
288 Metastases, CSF Disseminated
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
289 Paraganglioma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
INTRAMEDULLARY
290 Astrocytoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
292 Cellular Ependymoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
294 Myxopapillary Ependymoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
295 Hemangioblastoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
296 Spinal Cord Metastases
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
297 Primary Melanocytic Neoplasms/Melanocytoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
NONNEOPLASTIC CYSTS AND TUMOR
MIMICS
CYSTS
298 CSF Flow Artifact
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
300 Meningeal Cyst
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
301 Perineural Root Sleeve Cyst
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
302 Syringomyelia
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
TUMOR MIMICS
303 Fibrous Dysplasia
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
304 Kümmell Disease
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
306 Hirayama Disease
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
308 Paget Disease
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
309 Bone Infarction
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
310 Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
311 Tumoral Calcinosis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
SECTION 9: VASCULAR DISORDERS
314 Vascular Anatomy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
320 Approach to Vascular Conditions
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
324 Type 1 Vascular Malformation (Dural Arteriovenous
Fistula)
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
328 Type 2 Arteriovenous Malformation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
329 Type 3 Arteriovenous Malformation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
330 Type 4 Vascular Malformation (Arteriovenous
Fistula)
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
331 Posterior Fossa Dural Fistula With Intraspinal
Drainage
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
332 Cavernous Malformation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
333 Spinal Artery Aneurysm
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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334 Spinal Cord Infarction
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
335 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
336 Spontaneous Epidural Hematoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
337 Subdural Hematoma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
338 Bow Hunter Syndrome
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
339 Vertebral Dissection
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
340 Carotid Dissection
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
341 Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
SECTION 10: COMPLICATIONS
344 Complications Overview
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
346 Myelography Complications
Bryson Borg, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
347 Vertebroplasty Complications
Bryson Borg, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
348 Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
349 Epidural Abscess, Postop
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
350 Disc Space Infection
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
351 Meningitis
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
352 CSF Leakage Syndrome
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
353 Pseudomeningocele
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
354 Direct Cord Trauma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
355 Vascular Injury
Bryson Borg, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
356 Epidural Hematoma, Spine
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
357 Instrumentation Failure
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
358 Bone Graft Complications
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
359 rhBMP-2 Complications
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
360 Heterotopic Bone Formation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
361 Recurrent Disc Herniation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
362 Peridural Fibrosis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
363 Arachnoiditis/Adhesions
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
364 Arachnoiditis Ossificans
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
365 Accelerated Degeneration
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
366 Postsurgical Deformity
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
367 Radiation Myelopathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
SECTION 11: REMOTE COMPLICATIONS
370 Remote Complications Overview
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
372 Donor Site Complications
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
373 Deep Venous Thrombosis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
374 Pulmonary Embolism
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
375 Aspiration Pneumonia
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
376 Acute Myocardial Infarction
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
377 Cerebral Infarction
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
378 Cerebellar Hemorrhage
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
379 Intracranial Hypotension
Anne G. Osborn, MD, FACR and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
380 Extraaxial Hematoma, Brain
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
381 Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage
Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
382 Retroperitoneal Lymphocele
Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
383 Ophthalmic Complications
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
384 Esophageal Perforation
Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
385 Acute Pancreatitis
R. Brooke Jeffrey, MD
386 Pseudomembranous Colitis (Clostridium difficile)
R. Brooke Jeffrey, MD
387 Rhabdomyolysis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
388 Bowel Perforation
R. Brooke Jeffrey, MD
389 Ureteral Trauma
Michael P. Federle, MD, FACR
SECTION 12: DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
392 Basilar Invagination
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
396 Basilar Impression
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
400 Cranial Settling
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
402 Platybasia
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
404 Intrinsic Skull Base Lesion
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and C. Douglas Phillips, MD, FACR
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408 Foramen Magnum Mass
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD and C. Douglas Phillips, MD, FACR
SECTION 13: PERIPHERAL NERVE AND
PLEXUS
414 Normal Plexus and Nerve Anatomy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
418 Superior Sulcus Tumor
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
419 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
420 Muscle Denervation
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
421 Brachial Plexus Traction Injury
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
422 Idiopathic Brachial Plexus Neuritis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
423 Traumatic Neuroma
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
424 Radiation Plexopathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
425 Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
426 Peripheral Neurolymphomatosis
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
427 Hypertrophic Neuropathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
428 Femoral Neuropathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
429 Ulnar Neuropathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
430 Suprascapular Neuropathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
431 Median Neuropathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
432 Common Peroneal Neuropathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
433 Tibial Neuropathy
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
SECTION 14: IMAGE-GUIDED
PROCEDURES
CERVICAL SPINE
436 Medial Branch Block, Cervical Spine
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
438 Facet Joint Injection, Cervical Spine
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
440 Selective Nerve Root Block, Cervical Spine
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
442 Epidural Steroid Injection, Cervical Spine
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
448 Selective Nerve Root Block, Thoracic Spine
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
450 Epidural Steroid Injection, Thoracic Spine
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
LUMBAR SPINE
452 Medial Branch Block, Lumbar Spine
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
454 Facet Joint Injection, Lumbar Spine
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
456 Selective Nerve Root Block, Lumbar Spine
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
458 Epidural Steroid Injection, Lumbar Spine
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
VERTEBRAL BODY
460 Vertebroplasty
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
462 Kyphoplasty
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
464 Sacroplasty
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
466 Vertebral Biopsy
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
INTERVERTEBRAL DISC
468 Percutaneous Discectomy
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
470 Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
471 Nucleoplasty
Lubdha M. Shah, MD and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
472 Disc Aspiration/Biopsy
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
PELVIS
474 Pelvis Anatomy
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
476 Sacroiliac Joint Injection
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
478 Sacral Nerve Root Block
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
480 Piriformis Steroid Injection
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
THORACIC SPINE
444 Medial Branch Block, Thoracic Spine
446 Facet Joint Injection, Thoracic Spine
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
Donald V. La Barge, III, MD, MBA and Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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