Английский язык. Учебное пособие-4

9.What challenges have some of the disabled athletes faced?

10.What events did mentally disabled athletes first compete in at the 1996 Paralympic Games?

4. Find English equivalents from the text.

Достичь вершин, заслужить похвалу, признаваться, насколько смелы и замечательны, малое количество состязаний, маловероятно что примут вызов, сбавить скорость, настолько ожесточенный, с такими результатами, были распроданы, задолго до начала, довольно интересный, следует учитывать, чтобы привлечь зрителей, способствовать более глубокому пониманию, в результате, парусная команда, нижняя часть тела, доказал сам себе, побив мировой рекорд, до сих пор, пострадали от несчастных случаев и болезней, которые привлекли внимание общественности, меняя восприятие людей.

UNIT 11

LIGHTENING BOLT

1. Words to learn.

liken – приравнять, сравнить consecutive – подряд exempt – исключить

beat – побить, победить hamstring – ахиллово сухожилие attend – посетить

annual – ежегодный respectively – соответственно appearance – выступление fail – провал, поражение

mature – тщательно обдуманный stance – отношение

bolt – быстро бежать stride – большой шаг

homestretch – финишная прямая amidst – среди

heyday – апогей, золотая пора venture – коммерческое предприятие cofound – соучредить

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2. Match the words with their definitions.

READING

2. Read the text.

Lightening bolt

Usain Bolt the eight time olympic gold medalist, eleven-time world champion and the world’s fastest sprinter who have been likened as the legendary boxer Muhammad Ali in athletics is the only sprinter to have ever won the Olympic 100m, 200m and 4 x 100m relay gold medals for seven consecutive years, exempting the 2011 false start in the 100m.

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Usain Bolt is a household name in many countries of the world having beaten much records in a lifetime than most athletes. After a hamstring injury during his last racing event everyone has been wondering what Bolt has been up to during his retirement. Here we will explore through his career, his relationships and what he does during his retirement.

Usain St Leo Bolt was born on the 21st of August 1986 at Sherwood Content, Jamaica to Wellesley Bolt and Jennifer Bolt. Usain Bolt attended Waldensia Primary and by the age of twelve, Usain had become the school’s best for the 100m race. Usain won his first annual high school championships medal in 2001where he took home the silver medal for the 200m race with a time record of 22.04 seconds.

At the beginning, Bolt did not take sporting as an athlete seriously, he preferred playing crickets or football. His coach of his cricket team advised him to try out track sporting and he did.

In the 2001 CARIFTA Games, Usain won a silver medal in both the 400m and 200m races with a record of 48.28s and 21.81s respectively.

His first appearance on the world stage was at the 2001 IAAF World Youth Championships in Debrecen, Hungary where he failed to qualify for the 200 m events finals. At the 2002 World Junior Championships Bolt won the 200 m race with a record of 20.61s, at fifteen years he became the youngest world-junior gold medalist.

At the 2003 CARIFTA Games he won four golds and was awarded the Austin Sealy Trophy for the most outstanding athlete of the games. Usain will go on to set championship records in consecutive CARIFTA Games. Beginning with the CARIFTA Games in Bermuda in 2004, Bolt turned professional. He became the first junior sprinter to run 200m in 19.93 s.

After the 2007 Osaka World Championship, Usain took a more serious, more mature stance towards his career as an athlete, he continued to develop himself in the 100m event and on 3 May, 2008, Usain bolted with a record time of 9.76 s improving his personal best from 10.03 s. By 31st May, 2008, Usain set a new 100 m world record at the Reebok Grand Prix in the Icahn Stadium in New York City, he crossed the finish line at 9.72s. In the 100m finals of the 2008 Summer Olympics. Bolt broke his record again with 9.69s, in that Summer Olympics he also broke the record Michael Johnson held in the 200m race with a record time of 19.30s.

In the 2009 World Championship, Bolt set a record of 9.58s winning his first gold medal in the World Championship, he also participated and won the 200 m finals with a 19.19s record.

Usain went on to break more grounds on the 100m, 200m and 4 x 100m relay track events. The Jamaican retired as an athlete after the August 2017

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World Championships in London, in the final race of his career he suffered a hamstring injury only few strides to the final homestretch of the 4 x 100meter relay. Usain Bolt finished that race helped by his teammates amidst cheers from fans.

Usain Bolt after his retirement did not consider a return to the game of athletics rather he tried out being a professional footballer after his heydays in athletics. He joined the Australian football club Central Coast Mariners in August, 2018 and left the team in November, 2018 as the club could not afford paying him. Usain Bolt scored two goals already in a friendly match kick starting his professional football career, each goal was celebrated with his ‘To Di World’ trademark lightening Bolt pose.

Usain is currently trying out new business ventures, he cofounded a company in 2018, Bolt Mobility, a which company produces electric scooters and other mobility devices. In July and November 2019, Usain tried out being a music producer releasing tracks from Jamaican dancehall artistes.

Bolt is currently an ambassador of several international brands. Bolt has also supported athletes especially in his country.

COMPREHENSION EXERCISES

1. Fill in the blanks with a word from the list.

games, supported, records, hamstring, seriously, high, footballer, household, coach, teammates, mature, ambassador, develop, athletics

Usain St Leo Bolt was born on the 21st of August 1986 at Sherwood Content. Usain won his first annual __________school championships medal in 2001where he took home the silver medal Usain Bolt is likened as the legendary boxer Muhammad Ali in athletics. He is a __________name in many countries of the world having beaten much __________in a lifetime than most athletes. At the beginning, Bolt did not take sporting as an athlete__________, he preferred playing crickets or football. His

__________of his cricket team advised him to try out track sporting and he did. At the 2003 CARIFTA Games he won four golds and was awarded the Austin Sealy Trophy for the most outstanding athlete of the__________. Usain will go on to set championship records in consecutive CARIFTA Games. After the 2007 Osaka World Championship, Usain took a more serious, more __________stance towards his career as an athlete, he continued to __________himself. The Jamaican retired as an athlete after the August 2017 World Championships in London, in the final race of his career he suffered a __________injury only few strides to the final homestretch. Usain Bolt finished that race helped by his __________amidst cheers from fans. Usain Bolt after his retirement did not consider a return to the game of

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__________rather he tried out being a professional __________after his heydays in athletics. Bolt is currently an __________of several international brands. Bolt has also __________athletes especially in his country.

2.Choose the right answer.

1.Usain Bolt was born in __________. a) Sherwood Platform

b) Jamaica

c) Waldensia Primary d) Central Coast Mariners

2.Usain Bolt won __________ medals. a) 7

b) 8 c) 11 d) 12

3.Bolt Mobility is __________.

a)Usain Bolt’s music production company

b)A company that produces electric scooters

c)A charity organization founded by Usain Bolt

d)A sportswear brand endorsed by Usain Bolt

4.Usain Bolt’s trademark pose was __________.

a)The "To Di World" lightning Bolt pose

b)The "I’m the fastest man" pose

c)The "Gold medal" pose

d)The "Cool runner" pose

5. Usain Bolt first appeared on the world stage as an athlete in _______.

a)Osaka World Championship in Japan

b)CARIFTA Games in Bermuda

c)IAAF World Youth Championships in Hungary

d)Reebok Grand Prix in New York City

6.Usain Bolt was awarded __________ for the most outstanding athlete of the 2003 CARIFTA Games.

a) Tokyo Trophy b) Shanghai Trophy

c) Austin Sealy Trophy d) Singapore Trophy

7.Usain Bolt first won a gold medal in __________in the World Championship.

a) 100 m b) 200 m

c) 4 x 100 m relay d) Long jump

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8.In __________Usain Bolt retired as a professional athlete. a) August 2016

b) August 2017 c) August 2018 d) August 2019

9.How did Usain Bolt finish the final race of his career at the 2017 World Championships in London?

a) He won with a new world record b) He withdrew due to an injury

c) He was disqualified for false start

d) He finished with the help of his teammates

10.Usain Bolt became the youngest world-junior gold medalist at the age of __________. a) 14 years b) 15 years c) 16 years d) 17 years

3. Answer the questions.

1.Who is Usain Bolt and what is his major achievement in athletics?

2.What was Usain Bolt’s childhood like and where did he attend primary school?

3.When did Usain Bolt win his first medal at the annual high school championships and what was the medal for?

4.What was Usain Bolt’s first appearance on the world stage and where

was it?

5.At what age did Usain Bolt become the youngest world-junior gold medalist and what race did he win at the World Junior Championships?

6.When did Usain Bolt win his first gold medal at the World Championship and what was his record time?

7.What is Bolt Mobility and when was it founded?

8.What new business ventures has Usain Bolt been trying out recently?

9.What is Usain Bolt’s current role as an ambassador?

10.Has Usain Bolt supported other athletes?

4. Find English equivalents from the text.

Самый быстрый бегун, сравнивается с легендарным боксером, семь лет подряд, имя известное в каждой семье, травма ахиллова сухожилия, чем Болт занимался на отдыхе, первый ежегодный чемпионат, сначала, первое выступление на мировой арене, провалил квалификацию, продолжил ставить мировые рекорды, отношение к карьере, пересёк финишную линию, всего за несколько шагов до финишной прямой, не думал о возвращении в спорт, золотой век в атлетике, фирменная поза молнии Болта, в настоящее время пробует, средства передвижения, поддерживал спортсменов.

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GRAMMAR

1. Choose the right modal verb.

1.All passengers ... (should/must) wear seat-belts.

2.My tooth hurts. I think I ... (shouldn’t/ought to) see a dentist.

3.I ... (couldn’t/needn’t to) eat sweets when I was a girl.

4.You ... (don’t have to/mustn’t) walk on the grass.

5.You ... (have to/shouldn’t) be kind and polite.

6.He ... (doesn’t have to/shouldn’t) whistle inside a house.

7.Your brother ... (ought to/must) eat healthy food.

8.Strawberry yoghurt ... (mustn’t/doesn’t have to) contain real strawberries.

9.You ... (should/have to) read this book. It’s really nice.

10.Greg ... (can/ought to) spend more time on English grammar.

2.Use must, mustn’t, have to, don’t have to or doesn’t have to.

1.It’s a secret. You ... tell it to anyone.

2.You ... respect your parents.

3.She is very rich. She ... go to work.

4.This party is free. You ... buy any tickets.

5.This is the last bus for Paris and we ... miss it.

6.You ... be on time for the exam.

7.They ... eat too much cake.

8.We’re going to the restaurant, so our mother ... cook tonight.

9.You ... forget to turn off the light before you leave.

10.It’s getting late. I think I ... go now.

11.Boys and girls, you ... hand in your essays by Thursday.

12.Tom ... take a bus because his dad drives him to school every morning.

13.You ... tell me lies. It’s just awful.

14.We ... tidy up our room because our sister did it yesterday.

15.You ... smoke on board the plane.

3.Use can or be able to according to the tense.

1.I ________ swim when I was four.

2.Now I _______use a computer very well.

3.I __________to play the piano when I was seven.

4.I __________to drive a car next year.

5.Now I _________not drive a car.

6.He _______ not speak English when he was four.

7.He _____not speak English very well now.

8.I am afraid he __________(not) to go to England next year.

9.She ______(not) to sing now. She feels bad.

10.I hope she __________ to sing tomorrow when she is better.

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UNIT 12

DOPING IN SPORTS

1. Words to learn/

сrime – преступление сheating – мошенничество prohibit – запретить

stakeholder – заинтересованное лицо convincing – убедительный campaign – кампания

competitor – участник соревнований handle – регулировать

offender – нарушитель, виновник instead of – вместо

cheap – дешевый authorities – чиновники issue – вопрос, проблема partially – частично solve – решить

conscience – совесть, мораль, сознание frequently – часто

vigorous – решительный, активный enhance – усилить, повысить review – критическая оценка approach – подход

2. Match the words with their definitions.

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READING

Read the text.

Doping in sports

Recent years have seen major athletes being caught with doping. Use of performance enhancing drugs is considered as one of the major crimes in sports. This act is considered as cheating and as unethical in sports. Increase in the numbers of sportsmen being caught in anti-doping screening has raised debate on whether use steroids should continue to be prohibited.

Various sportsmen and other stakeholders in sports have made convincing arguments against prohibiting use steroids and other performance enhancing drugs. A lot of finances are being used in financing ant-doping screening. In some ways, anti-doping screenings are seen as campaign against sports and athletes. Regulated use of steroids is okay and should be allowed.

The most used argument against the use of steroids in sports is that it is cheating. Use of steroid is considered to give an individual sportsperson using it an unfair advantage over other competitors. This is true, but it does not support the continuous use of prohibition as a way handling cheating in sports. Fair competition grounds are very important in sports; they encourage competition since each competitor knows that they have a chance of

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winning. However, use of anti-doping screening to control cheating has not been fully successful. In most cases offenders of anti-doping rules are only caught months or years after winning medals.

Prohibiting performance enhancing drugs in sports make it impossible to regulate their use. Steroids used by athletes are not regulated and no standard is set on the kind or amount to be used. Instead of prohibiting use of steroids in sports, it is more practical and cheaper to regulate their use. Allowing steroids use in sports will enable sporting authorities to set standards and other regulation measures. Regulation has been seen to be successful in other areas. With regulation, the issue of cheating will be partially solved.

Use of steroids is not forced on sportsmen/ women. Decisions to use are made out of free conscience with knowledge of health risk involved. Sportsmen/women who want to take the health risk for better performance should not be prohibited to do so.

Unlike in earlier days when sports were used for fun, today sports are taken as a profession. Sports as a profession mean that players are required to participate in sports more frequently. Frequent and vigorous training and competitions requires a lot of energy from players and pose the player to injuries. Thus, steroids should be allowed in professional sportsmen/women. Use of steroid would be advantageous to such sportsmen/women and also to their fans. Steroid would enhance performance, prevent injuries and also help in recovery from injuries.

On the overall, steroids use would lead to more entertaining sports that are more appealing to sporting fans. In additions, steroid use would lead to longer sporting period for professional sportsmen/women making professional sporting more feasible and attractive.

Allowing steroid use in sports would also encourage innovations in sports. There is very large room for innovation in sports. Performance enhancers should be taken as part of sport medicine. Steroid use would lead to more innovations on ways of making sports more entertaining while at the same preventing injuries.

Anti-doping authorities in sports should review their stand on prohibiting steroids. Instead of encouraging sports, campaigns by anti-doping agencies are discouraging sports. The huge amount of money used in controlling steroid use could be used in other ways that would be advantageous to sports.

Regulating steroid use is the best approach to handling cheating in sports. This approach will enable standards that will protect sportsmen/women from negative health risks and enable a level ground to be created for competition.

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