Экологическая медицина = Ecological medicine. Учебное пособие

d)algae;

e)hydrocarbonates.

30.  Permissible quantity of mineral salts in fresh waters, g/dm3 is: а) 2.5;

b)up to 1.0;

c)up to 0.1;

d)1.2;

e)0.8.

31.  Consumption of mineral water with high mineralisation leads to:

a)disruption of water-salt metabolism;

b)emergence of endemic diseases;

c)occurrence of respiratory diseases;

d)urolithiasis;

e)dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.

32.  Systematic human consumption of hard water can lead to:

a)CNS dysfunction;

b)urolithiasis;

c)water nitrate methaemoglobinaemia;

d)metabolic disorders;

e)abnormal thyroid function.

33.  Water is the main source of:

a)potassium;

b)fluorine;

c)iodine;

d)cobalt;

e)selenium.

34.  Fluoride is involved in:

a)tooth development;

b)Minamata disease development;

c)endemic goitre development;

d)dental enamel strengthening;

e)development of the body.

35.  An excessive intake of fluoride in the body develops:

a)tooth decay;

b)fluorosis;

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c)anaemia;

d)stomach diseases;

e)connective tissue diseases.

36.  Cobalt is involved in:

a)stimulation of haematopoiesis;

b)fat metabolism;

c)respiration;

d)CNS function;

e)operation of the excretory system.

37.  Sources of water pollution are:

a)industrial plants;

b)radionuclides;

c)heavy metals;

d)agricultural activities;

e)bathing and laundry plants.

38.  Water pollutants of a physical nature are:

a)radionuclides;

b)pesticides;

c)nitrosamines;

d)bacteria;

e)zooplankton.

39.  Effects of organic pollutants on the hydrosphere are:

a)acceleration of photosynthesis;

b)retardation of self-purification processes;

c)acceleration of self-purification processes;

d)possibility of infection transmission;

e)increase in BOD (biological oxygen demand).

40.  Consumption of water with elevated cadmium content may cause a person to suffer from:

a)tooth decay;

b)osteoporosis;

c)carcinogenic effect;

d)bone system deformation;

e)disruption of metabolic processes.

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41.  Excessive chlorine in drinking water…

a)impairs taste;

b)increases chromaticity;

c)reduces turbidity;

d)provides a disinfecting effect;

e)increases the gastric acidity.

42.  Water contamination by nitrates is indicative of:

a)an increase in water hardness;

b)the presence of long-standing organic pollution;

c)fresh contamination by organic substances;

d)possible development of methaemoglobinaemia when consuming

water;

e)possible disorder of the gastrointestinal tract function when consuming water.

43.  Industrial wastewater from cities contains:

a)phenols;

b)pesticides;

c)fertilisers;

d)salts of heavy metals;

e)minerals.

44.  Biological succession is:

a)a change in the daily and annual activity of an organism;

b)a sequential replacement of one biogeocenosis by another;

c)an interaction of producers and consumers;

d)the relationship of all living organisms;

e)relations of abiotic factors.

45.  A species is:

a)a set of individuals, similar in morphological traits, freely interbreeding with each other;

b)a set of individuals, similar in morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, interbreeding freely and occupying a certain area;

c)an elementary unit of the biosphere;

d)various populations;

e)species populations.

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46.  An environmental factor is:

a)an element of the environment that affects organisms and causes them to adapt;

b)a component of the environment that provides the vital activity of a population;

c)the main structural component of the habitat;

d)physical, chemical, biological components of the environment;

e)biotic, abiotic component.

47.  Abiotic factors of the air environment do not include:

a)viruses;

b)humidity;

c)geomagnetic field;

d)aerons;

e)bacteria.

48.  The solar radiation spectrum is:

a)an integral flow of electromagnetic oscillations with different wavelengths;

b)a flow of positively charged ions;

c)a flow of ions of different sign;

d)a non-ionising radiation;

e)ultraviolet rays, white visible light, infrared radiation.

49.  Wavelength of UV radiation is detrimental to living organisms when:

a)it is more than 290 nm;

b)it is less than 290 nm;

c)it is less than 400 nm;

d)it is the wavelength of area C;

e)it is a wavelength closer to the ionising radiation spectrum.

50.  The wavelength of the visible part of solar radiation is:

a)200–250 nm;

b)400–760 nm;

c)300–360 nm;

d)the wavelength that provides natural illumination;

e)the wavelength that provides biorhythms in the body.

51.  Magnetic storms do not cause:

a) activation of inhibition processes in the CNS;

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b)activation of excitation processes in the CNS;

c)decrease in working capacity;

d)gastrointestinal disturbances;

e)disruption of metabolic processes.

52.  The magnitude of the temperature potential gradient does not depend on:

a)season of the year;

b)solar radiation in the wavelength range C;

c)weather conditions;

d)visible white light;

e)ultraviolet radiation.

53.  Atmospheric pressure at sea level (mmHg): а) 740;

b)760;

c)780;

d)755;

e)765.

54.  Ecological significance of carbon dioxide is:

a)participation in the formation of photochemical smog;

b)excitation of the respiratory centre;

c)absorption of infrared radiation;

d)formation of greenhouse effect;

e)absorption by the green mass and hydrosphere.

55.  The inert gases that make up atmospheric air are:

a)argon, hydrogen, carbon dioxide;

b)neon, xenon, carbon oxide;

c)argon, neon, helium;

d)nitrogen, neon;

e)nitrogen, argon, helium.

56.  Sources of microorganisms in the air are:

a)soil;

b)industrial plants;

c)hydrosphere;

d)birds;

e)humans.

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57.  If a person stays in an electromagnetic field for a long time, diseases that can develop in their body belong to:

a)cardiovascular system;

b)circulatory system;

c)respiratory system;

d)CNS system;

e)excretory system.

58.  Soil pollutants of a chemical nature are:

a)dust;

b)radionuclides;

c)hydrocarbons;

d)nitrogen-containing organic and mineral substances;

e)mercury compounds.

59.  Acid precipitation is the condensation of an aerosol of:

a)sulphuric acid;

b)phosphoric acid;

c)silicic acid;

d)hyponitrous acid;

e)nitrous acid.

60.  Organisational measures to protect the environment include:

a)organisation of industrial emissions at different times of the day;

b)development of LOC of pollutants;

c)purification of emissions from harmful substances;

d)permanent express control of emissions;

e)layout of the territory considering the wind pattern (wind rose).

61.  Sources of electromagnetic radiation in the city are:

a)power lines;

b)radio stations;

c)industrial enterprises.

d)MTS antennae;

e)motor transport.

62.  The intake of nitrites and nitrates into the human body can cause:

a)increase in blood pressure;

b)increase in gastric juice secretion;

c)fluorosis development;

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d)methaemoglobinaemia;

e)endemic goitre.

63.  Strontium intake into the human body causes:

a)goitrogenic effect;

b)nephrotoxic effect;

c)mutagenic effect;

d)material cumulation in bone tissue;

e)Minamata disease.

64.  Excessive intake of iron into the human body causes:

a)liver siderosis;

b)immune system disorders;

c)central nervous system damage;

d)spleen siderosis;

e)Itai-Itai disease.

65.  Excessive intake of aluminium into the human body causes:

a)retardation of bone formation;

b)increased motility of the gastrointestinal tract;

c)decrease in mental abilities (cognitive decline);

d)weakened motility of the gastrointestinal tract;

e)tooth decay.

66.  Physical factors affecting living conditions include:

a)noise, vibration;

b)anthropotoxins;

c)microorganisms;

d)ultrasound;

e)electromagnetic radiation.

67.  The adverse factors affecting the ambient air quality in dwellings do not include:

a)formaldehyde and other toxic substances;

b)electromagnetic fields;

c)lighting;

d)wet cleaning of the room;

e)airing.

68.  Protection measures against electromagnetic fields are:

a) limiting the time spent in places with high levels of electromagnetic fields;

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b)medical examinations;

c)use of personal protective equipment;

d)protection by distance;

e)protection by shielding.

69.  The optimal heating system in residential buildings in terms of ecology is:

a)water heating;

b)panel heating;

c)steam heating;

d)stove heating;

e)none of the above.

70.  The main physical parameters of EMF are characterised by:

a)wavelength;

b)vibration velocity;

c)effective temperature;

d)frequency of oscillations;

e)energy flux density.

71.  Eye lesions occur when exposed to EMF of the range:

a)MF (microwave frequency);

b)UHF;

c)HF;

d)low frequency;

d) none of the above.

72.  The biological effect of air ionisation is determined by the complex effect of:

a)light aeroions;

b)ozone;

c)nitrogen oxides

d)dust;

e)none of the above.

73.  Ecology is:

a)a research area on the interaction of living organisms;

b)a practice area for specialists in preserving natural ecosystems;

c)an area of joint competence of ecologists and doctors of all special-

ties;

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d)the integrative science, which studies the interaction of living organisms and their communities among themselves and with the environment;

e)research area related to biology, zoology, botany, physiology, natural and artificial ecosystems.

74.  Environmental medicine is:

a)the science that studies the components of the biosphere and human health;

b)the science that studies all living organisms in interaction with the environment;

c)the science that studies the relationship between environmental risk factors and human health;

d)environmental conditions;

e)the science that studies changes in the systems of living organisms in interaction with humans.

75.  An environmental crisis is:

a)a disturbance of natural ecosystems;

b)a creation of artificial ecosystems;

c)an increase in human influence on the biosphere;

d)an increase in contamination sources of the biosphere;

e)a disruption of relationships within an ecosystem caused by anthropogenic human activity and threatening the existence of humans as a species.

76.  Primary prevention of environmentally caused and dependent diseases is:

a)a prevention of biosphere contamination and ingestion of xenobiotics in the body;

b)a mitigation of xenobiotics action through therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition;

c)a neutralisation of xenobiotics and their elimination from the body;

d)a complex sanitary and hygienic measures for endemic diseases;

e)a use of sanitary-hygienic rationing.

77.  Toxic substances of irritating effect include:

a)chlorine compound, nitrogen compound;

b)sulphur compound, fluorine compound;

c)oxides of nitrogen, chromium;

d)carbonyl compounds of metals;

e)carbon dioxide, nitrogen.

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78.  According to the WHO classification, the effects of exposure to harmful and hazardous substances are classified as follows:

a)additive, potentiation, synergism, antagonism;

b)simple summation of the effects of exposure to the same system;

c)superadditive effect of two, three compounds on the same system;

d)effect of the combination of factors in total is less than the isolated effect;

e)effect of feeble influence.

79.  Toxicokinetics is:

a)a cumulation of a xenobiotic in body tissues;

b)a functional disorders in body systems;

c)an inhalation way of xenobiotic entry and its excretion from the

body;

d)a way of entry, distribution, metabolism, excretion with the effect of material or functional cumulation;

e)a process of xenobiotic neutralisation and excretion.

80.  Plant oils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls…

a)cause darkening of the skin;

b)contribute to the appearance of rashes;

c)damage muscle tissue;

d)cause Yusho disease;

e)accumulate in bone tissue.

81.  Excess of nitrates in soil, water, food…

a)causes anaemia;

b)forms a specific compound with haemoglobin;

c)promotes carboxyhaemoglobin formation;

d)promotes methaemoglobinaemia;

e)causes endemic goitre.

82.  Diseases of the blood and haematopoietic organs occur when there is:

a)an excess of chromium in the soil;

b)an excess of cobalt in the soil;

c)a copper deficiency in soil;

d)an aluminium deficiency in the soil;

e)a silicon deficiency in soil.

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