Фоностилистика английского языка. Учебное пособие на модульной основе

The branches are „bare;

There‘s „ice on the ˌpuddles

And „frost in the ˌair.

¯I ˈplayed in the „sunshine, I played in the \snow,

And "which is my „favourite? I ‚really ˙don‘t „know!

25. Sports News ♫

And now to round up on today‘s sporting fixtures. The soccer season is still two weeks away but there were a number of special matches which may give us some hints about future performance. Here are the results of friendly matches:

The match between Liverpool and Parma was postponed.

26. Special News Release ♫

Jane: Suffolk police have issued a warning about two prisoners who escaped from Holsley Bay Prison near Woodbridge today. We are going over to our reporter on the scene Oliver Johnson. Hello there Oliver.

Oliver: Good evening, Jane. Yes, I‘m standing outside the perimeter fence of Holsley Prison where earlier today two men, described as ‗dangerous‘ by local police, escaped whilst returning from a work duty outside the prison. Fred Burke

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is forty-nine and currently in his six year of an eleven year sentence for armed robbery and manslaughter. During that robbery of a jeweller‘s one man was fatally injured. Burke is one metre eighty tall, of medium build with short, dark hair, brown eyes and a tattoo of a snake on his left forearm. The other prisoner is Ken Murray who is fifty-six, bald with a well-trimmed grey beard and a scar on his left cheek. He is only one metre seventy tall but weighs 100 kilos. Murray is serving twelve years for the brutal murder of his wife some five years ago. The police say that if you see either of them you should not approach them. Instead you should ring the following number: 01464 723955. This is Oliver Johnson returning you to the studio.

27. Teenage Crime ♫

Presenter: Welcome to ‗The World At Large‘. Today we are looking at the problem of teenage crime in the United States. Our guest, Professor Louise Green is British, but she has worked at universities across America. She has been investigating how to prevent crime among young people. Professor Green, is this a desperate situation?

Prof Green: It is certainly a big problem. In the States, over two million kids under 18 are responsible for serious violent crime every year. The figure is much bigger if you include nonviolent crimes.

Presenter: What kind of crimes do teenagers usually commit?

Prof Green: Unfortunately there are many. Shoplifting, mugging, arson, vandalism ... and in very extreme cases, rape and murder.

Presenter: Do you think there is a solution?

Prof Green: There isn't one single solution. After all, there is a difference between a kid who is shoplifting and a kid who possesses a gun and is prepared to use it. All crimes are not the same, so the solutions to them won't be the same either. But some people believe that things can be done to stop kids from considering a life of crime in the first place.

Presenter: What can be done?

Prof G: Well, the first thing is obvious. If a teenager is happy at home and at school, then he or she probably won't get into serious crime; it is important to keep in regular communication with our children. The problems start when the kids stop communicating.

Presenter: Are there any other signs?

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Prof G: Yes. If, for example, a child is into violent games or is cruel to pets, parents and teachers may worry. Some kids also write about their feelings of violence and isolation, or perhaps they are very interested in guns or knives. If you see signs like this, it's a possibility your child is going wrong.

Presenter: But we can't watch our children 24 hours a day. Prof G: No, of course not.

Presenter: So how can we prevent them from committing crime when they are away from us, at school or with friends?

Prof G: There is no easy answer. Some people think that experiencing life in jail can help kids have a better idea of the consequences of crime. Of course, they don‘t go to a real jail, but a military-style boot camp. Boot camps are still quite experimental in the US, but statistics suggest they are more effective than ordinary detention centres.

Presenter: How do boot camps work?

Prof G: They are similar to military training camps. Kids learn about the reality of prison life. They have to work and exercise hard. They live without all their usual comforts: there's no TV or fast food or music. Ex-offenders educate kids about their experiences in jail. Kids hate boot camps – and this is – important. Basically, it's a big shock for them.

Presenter: Do you personally believe that boot camps are the solution to the problem?

Prof G: I think they can work on ordinary kids. Kids who sometimes get into trouble at school, but who aren't really bad kids, can learn from the experience. Presenter: But what happens if ...

28.Public Relations Regulations ♫

–Good morning. My name is Dr James Gower, and I‘m an Associate

Professor in the Department of Public Relations at the University of Canberra,

Australia. Today I‘m going to focus on regulations affecting the practice of public relations. That is to say, I‘ll be looking at some of the factors that may affect, or compromise, the way public relations practitioners operate in their day- to-day activities, including the consequences of breaking the rules. Don‘t misunderstand me; I don‘t want to imply that public relations practitioners often engage in misleading or fraudulent behaviour, but, as we know, in all aspects of society, there must be some regulation.

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To some degree, all public relations practitioners today need to be aware of how their actions, anywhere in the world, affect, and are perceived by their clients. It‘s fair to say that because of advances in communications technology public relations has become much more complex. Not only that, but globalization means that public relations practitioners now need to be more aware of government regulations in the country or countries where they operate. For example, under the law, the practitioner may be liable not only for their own actions, but also for those of their clients or those who take them on as consultants or advisors. A case in point in the USA, where PR personnel can be held legally liable, if it‘s discovered that they‘ve advised on, or supported an illegal activity of a client or employer.

As I said earlier, this lecture will focus on the regulations affecting PR standards and responsibilities. In an attempt to try to keep the discussion reasonably simple, I‘m going to summarize some of the many areas of law that PR practitioners may meet in their work. I‘ll conclude briefly with the policies and procedures required for maintaining standards in the industry.

29. The Lost Tie ♫

Mike: Have you seen my new tie, Mum? Mother: Which new tie?

Mike: The red one I bought in London a couple of weeks ago. I wore it to the dinner party at the Dawsons‘ place on Saturday and I haven‘t worn it or seen it since.

Mother: No, I don‘t think I‘ve seen it this week, but have you looked for it properly?

I expect you threw it carelessly into the back of the wardrobe after the party – the way you usually do.

Mike: I‘ve looked for it everywhere. And it‘s not in the wardrobe. Have you tidied up my bedroom again and put all my things away in new places where I‘ll never find them?

Mother: I always put your ties away in the wardrobe where they belong, so don‘t blame me. Are you sure you haven‘t worn that tie since Saturday.

Mike: No, I don‘t think so.

Mother: On Tuesday you went out with Janet and I think you put it on then. You didn‘t come in until one o‘clock in the morning and I was already in bed. Perhaps you took it off in Janet‘s house and left it there.

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Mike: Ah! I remember now. It was a bit hot and I took my tie off in the car on the way home on Tuesday. I suppose it‘s still on the shelf under the dashboard. Mother: As usual you‘ve only got yourself to blame. It‘s a good job your head is firmly fixed to your shoulders – otherwise I‘m sure you‘d lose that too.

30. “The Nightingale and the Rose” ♫

―She said that she would dance with me if I brought her red roses,‖ cried the young Student; ―but in all my garden there is no red rose.‖

From her nest in the holm-oak tree the Nightingale heard him, and she looked out through the leaves, and wondered.

―No red rose in all my garden!‖ he cried, and his beautiful eyes filled with tears. ―Ah, on what little things does happiness depend! I have read all that the wise men have written, and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose is my life made wretched.‖

―Here at last is a true lover,‖ said the Nightingale. ―Night after night have I sung of him, though I knew him not: night after night have I told his story to the stars, and now I see him. His hair is dark as the hyacinth-blossom, and his lips are red as the rose of his desire; but passion has made his face like pale ivory, and sorrow has set her seal upon his brow.‖

―The Prince gives a ball tomorrow night,‖ murmured the young Student, ―and my love will be of the company. If I bring her a red rose she will dance with me till dawn. If I bring her a red rose, I shall hold her in my arms, and she will lean her head upon my shoulder, and her hand will be clasped in mine. But there is no red rose in my garden, so I shall sit lonely, and she will pass me by.

She will have no heed of me, and my heart will break.‖

―Here indeed is the true lover,‖ said the Nightingale. ―What I sing of, he suffers – what is joy to me, to him is pain. Surely Love is a wonderful thing. It is more precious than emeralds, and dearer than fine opals. Pearls and pomegranates cannot buy it, nor is it set forth in the marketplace. It may not be purchased of the merchants, nor can it be weighed out in the balance for gold.‖

―The musicians will sit in their gallery,‖ said the young Student, ―and play upon their stringed instruments, and my love will dance to the sound of the harp and the violin. She will dance so lightly that her feet will not touch the floor, and the courtiers in their gay dresses will throng round her. But with me she will not

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dance, for I have no red rose to give her‖; and he flung himself down on the grass, and buried his face in his hands, and wept.

―Why is he weeping?‖ asked a little Green Lizard, as he ran past him with his tail in the air.

―Why, indeed?‖ said a Butterfly, who was fluttering about after a sunbeam. ―Why, indeed?‖ whispered a Daisy to his neighbour, in a soft, low voice. ―He is weeping for a red rose,‖ said the Nightingale.

―For a red rose?‖ they cried; ―how very ridiculous!‖ and the little Lizard, who was something of a cynic, laughed outright.

But the Nightingale understood the secret of the Student's sorrow, and she sat silent in the oak-tree, and thought about the mystery of Love.

Suddenly she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She passed through the grove like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed across the garden.

In the centre of the grass-plot was standing a beautiful Rose-tree, and when she saw it she flew over to it, and lit upon a spray.

―Give me a red rose,‖ she cried, ―and I will sing you my sweetest song.‖

But the Tree shook its head.

―My roses are white,‖ it answered; ―as white as the foam of the sea, and whiter than the snow upon the mountain. But go to my brother who grows round the old sun-dial, and perhaps he will give you what you want.‖

So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing round the old sun-dial.

―Give me a red rose,‖ she cried, ―and I will sing you my sweetest song.‖

But the Tree shook its head.

―My roses are yellow,‖ it answered; ―as yellow as the hair of the mermaiden who sits upon an amber throne, and yellower than the daffodil that blooms in the meadow before the mower comes with his scythe. But go to my brother who grows beneath the Student's window, and perhaps he will give you what you want.‖

So the Nightingale flew over to the Rose-tree that was growing beneath the Student's window.

―Give me a red rose,‖ she cried, ―and I will sing you my sweetest song.‖

But the Tree shook its head.

―My roses are red,‖ it answered, ―as red as the feet of the dove, and redder than the great fans of coral that wave and wave in the ocean-cavern. But the

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winter has chilled my veins, and the frost has nipped my buds, and the storm has broken my branches, and I shall have no roses at all this year.‖

―One red rose is all I want,‖ cried the Nightingale, ―only one red rose! Is there no way by which I can get it?‖

―There is away,‖ answered the Tree; ―but it is so terrible that I dare not tell it to you.‖

―Tell it to me,‖ said the Nightingale, ―I am not afraid.‖

―If you want a red rose,‖ said the Tree, ―you must build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with your own heart's blood. You must sing to me with your breast against a thorn. All night long you must sing to me, and the thorn must pierce your heart, and your life-blood must flow into my veins, and become mine.‖

―Death is a great price to pay for a red rose,‖ cried the Nightingale, ―and

Life is very dear to all. It is pleasant to sit in the green wood, and to watch the Sun in his chariot of gold, and the Moon in her chariot of pearl. Sweet is the scent of the hawthorn, and sweet are the bluebells that hide in the valley, and the heather that blows on the hill. Yet Love is better than Life, and what is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man?‖

So she spread her brown wings for flight, and soared into the air. She swept over the garden like a shadow, and like a shadow she sailed through the grove.

The young Student was still lying on the grass, where she had left him, and the tears were not yet dry in his beautiful eyes.

―Be happy,‖ cried the Nightingale, ―be happy; you shall have your red rose. I will build it out of music by moonlight, and stain it with my own heart's blood. All that I ask of you in return is that you will be a true lover.‖

31. Candidate for the Leadership of the New Democratic Party ♫

Woman: It‘s difficult to believe that it is only a week since I agreed to be a candidate in the election for the leadership of the New Democratic Party. I stand here honoured that so many of you have asked me to steer the party to victory at the next election. It would be dishonest of me to pretend that our return to power after many years in opposition will be an easy matter, but I am grateful to have been given the chance to lead that struggle and I am optimistic about our chances of winning.

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I believe firmly that the country has had enough of extremist politics. Our task as New Democrats is to show the electors that we are a genuine centre party. But what does this mean in practice? To me it means combining free market economics with social justice – a fair deal for everyone. [Beep]

I am also committed to establishing a different kind of party. I want to lead a party that is trusted by the population. The way to achieve this is to ‗Say what we mean and mean what we say‘ at all times. The people have already lost faith in the current government – they need a new party to believe in. We must become that party.

The current government – the so-called Freedom Party – started off as a centrist party, but recently we have seen their true colours – as a party that still prefers to govern by central diktat. And when faced with a problem, they are a party whose instinct is still to tax and regulate.

By contrast, we must develop a wholly different approach. Twenty-first- century New Democrats must show they understand 21st century electors. As traditionalists we are proud of our past and we believe passionately that our future should be built on this past. But more importantly, New Democrats must look forwards and develop policies that are relevant to all the people.

We know that most of what we do is done with others, whether in the family, at work, or in the community. We must focus on what people can do for themselves, in their own families, neighbourhoods and communities. A living community is one where people come together to make things happen by means of self-help, mutual support, and good old-fashioned neighbourliness.

In the end people don‘t want to be told what to do by a government which doesn‘t understand their needs. They want to live in a free society where they can make their own decisions about their future lives. For example, as parents we know our own children best; so we should have more choice and the final say over our children‘s education. The same arguments are true for health care.

And what about earnings? People work hard for their money. They want to keep more of it, to save more, to support their families and communities. So the New Democrats are proud to be known as the party of low taxation.

And of course, people want to feel secure, especially when they are vulnerable, for example, when they are out of work, retired or in ill health. And they want to feel safe from crime, whether they are in their homes or on the streets.

So these are the main issues the New Democrats will focus on in the run-up to the election. We passionately committed to the transformation of our schools,

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our hospitals, and our police. Our approach is to trust the people, the users of services, to make the right choices. It is our belief that if we can transform the country after the next election, we will also succeed in restoring people‘s faith in their country, in their government and above all, in themselves. The party is depending on you now to do your best to secure a successful election campaign. We know we have the right policies, we know that the electorate are tired of this government. Let‘s go and do something about it!

32. How Important for Public Figures to Apologize ♫

Presenter: Someone giving advice to a young man starting work in business once said, ‗if you want to succeed in this business, just remember: No matter what the circumstances, never explain and never apologize.‘ In our personal lives, too, it‘s sometimes very difficult to say sorry without losing face. How many marriages and other relationships have gone wrong because someone was too proud to say ‗Sorry‘?

And increasingly these days, it seems, we expect our politicians and other public figures to apologize. Recently, a British politician has felt the need to apologize for using private health care instead of the National Health Service; a government minister was forced to apologize for a mistake which occurred in his department, but for which he personally was not responsible. Even entire countries have made apologies for their historical mistakes. For example, Fiji apologized for its cannibal past, and Britain formally said ‗Sorry‘ for its part in the slave trade.

But how important is it for public figures to apologize when they have done something wrong? What real meaning do these apologies have? Today‘s talk is by the well-known psychotherapist, Jeremy Driver.

Jeremy Driver: I‘d like to start by considering the case of politicians. In general, I‘d say that they‘re very bad at saying sorry, and this is unfortunate because politicians often do things for which we would like an apology. It seems to me that the public would have more respect for politicians if they were prepared to apologize more often, but the truth is they have fragile, self-centred personalities which regard apologies as unnecessary admissions of weakness. They don‘t seem to realize that the apology is not really about them. It‘s about the public. They need to apologize to us for the way we feel because of something they‘ve done. An apology shows that you understand the feelings of the person who feels offended, and when somebody feels understood, they‘ll deal with you and be

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more prepared to accept you. But how often do you hear people say that, if only politicians would admit their mistakes and apologize, they would be prepared to accept all the other things they said?

Of course, carefully-timed political apologies can be completely meaningless. A genuine apology means admitting a mistake and promising to change your behaviour in the future, but politicians often get into real difficulty because they have no intention of changing their behaviour. Apologies that are simply ways of saving political careers will always sound hollow and insincere. The public recognizes insincerity like this and refuses to be taken in. in the past, proof that a politician was sincerely sorry for something he or she had done was resignation; to the public this was a sure sign that an apology was felt; it was a

‗the honorable thing to do‘.

But there is another problem related to a politician apologizing which is sometimes forgotten, and that is a genuine fear of the law. After all, if a politician says they‘re sorry, legally what they‘re doing is accepting responsibility. They may have been advised by their lawyers, especially if they‘re in a high position, not to accept responsibility, because they might end up in court. I think that fear explains the unwillingness of many politicians these days to apologize.

A notable exception to this general rule was the resent resignation of a government minister after it was found that his department had overspent its budget by over a billion pounds in one financial year. The politician in question made his apology and his resignation on television in front of over 20 million viewers. He also admitted that he didn‘t feel capable of doing the job for which he was being paid. All of this took both the government and the public by surprise and resulted in a great wave of sympathy for the minister in question.

In the end, however, the unwillingness of the majority of public figures to apologize may have more to do with the kind of people they are. Most ambitious, egotistical people have an image of themselves as being omnipotent, and invulnerable, and I think in some cases, having to make an apology can actually lead to a personal breakdown.

33. A Few Errands ♫

Felix: I‘m just going down to the shops to buy some cigarettes, Gertie. Do you want anything while I‘m there?

Gertie: Yes, what a good idea! There are a lot of things I need, as a matter of

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