Технология судостроения. Оценка затрат в блочном методе постройки корпусов морских объектов. Учебное пособие
.pdfɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɵɤɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɬ ɟ ɮɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ
ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɢ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɚɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɟɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɚɹ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɚ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɫɫ ɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨ ɜɨɞɨɜɆɨɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹɞɨɧɧɨ ɛɨɪɬɨɜɚɹɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚɝɪɟɛɧɨɟɪɭɥɟɜɨɟɩɪɨɬɟɤ ɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɢ ɹɤɨɪɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɆɈ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɭ
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ:
1.ȼ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɵɯ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ Ɍȼ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɛɥɨɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɵɤɨɜɤɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɞɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ.
2.ɇɟ ɥɢɲɧɢɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ (ɫɬɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ), ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɬɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɛɨɪɞɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɫ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɠɺɫɬɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ, ɥɢɛɨ ɫɬɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɩɟɥɶ-ɩɚɥɭɛɟ ɞɨɤɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɚɞɤɨɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɥɟɠɤɢ ɫ ɤɢɥɶɛɥɨɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.
3.ȼ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɭ ɫɤɚɠɟɦ, ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɚ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɞɨɤɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɭ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɠɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɌɊ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɌɊ ɜ ©ɠɟɥɟɡɟª Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ Ɍȼ ȼ ɧɟɣ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɤɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɹ ɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɆɈ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɚ ɥɟɣ ɞɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɭ
Ⱦɟɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ Ɍȼ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɢ ɭɡ ɥɨɜɦɨɧɬɚɠɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɛɭɞɭɬɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɦɨɧ
ɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɆɈ ɧɚ ɤɚ
ɤɨɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɭɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɮɢ ɩɪɢɱɺɦ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɜɹɡ ɤɢ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ Ɍȼ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɛɨ
ɪɨɱɧɨ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɢ ɜ ɰɟ
ɥɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɪ ɆɈ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ
ɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ
Ⱦɟɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɆɈ ɜ Ɍȼ ɜɵ
ɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɫɤɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɌɊ ɫ ɌɁ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɛɨ
ɱɟɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɊɄȾ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɯ ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɆɈ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɬɟ ɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɹ ɳɢɣɫɹ ɆɈ
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɌɊ í Ɍȼ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɢ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ ɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ Ɍɉɉ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɫɬɢɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɞɟɬɚɥɟɣɭɡɥɨɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜɢɫɛɨɪɤɢɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɌɊ ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɚɬɶ ɱɺɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢ ɫɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɨɫɬɪɨɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɮɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɤɢ ɆɈ
ȼ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ Ɍɉɉ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ Ɍȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ Ɍɗɗ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɉɎ ɜ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɚɫɬɤɢ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ Ɍȼ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɬ ɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɫɭɞɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹ ɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɮɢ
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ: ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɟ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ Ɍɉɉ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ (ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ) ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ɂɚɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ:
D = f >ɆɁf x@ɱ.ɦȼɩ
ɝɞɟ D – ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ, ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɱɚɫɚɯ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɱ.ɦȼɩ; ɆɁ – ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɩɨ-
ɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, Ɍ, ɥ, ɲɬ., ɤ-ɬ; ɯ – ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɩɥɚɬɺɠɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɞɚɺɬ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɜ ɆɁ, ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɵɟ ɞɧɢ.
ȼ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢɌɗɗ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɉɎ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɫ ɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢ ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨ ɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɚɡɟ Ɍɉɉ
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ ɪɟɫɭɪ ɫɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɜɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ Ɍɉɉ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ Ɍɗɗ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɉɎ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɪɮɢ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜ ɞɟɥɨ ɜɫɬɭ ɩɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɬ ɞ
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ: ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ Ɍɉɉ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ, ɬ. ɟ. ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɦ ɮɚɡɚɦ ɫ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ
ɢɡ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɚɡ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɭɤɪɭɩɧɺɧɧɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɌɊ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɤɟɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ, ɜɫɟ ɬɪɢ ɮɚɡɵ Ɍɉɉ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ.
ɑȺɋɌɖ ,,
ɆȿɌɈȾɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɍɄȺɁȺɇɂə
ȾɅə ɍɄɊɍɉɇȬɇɇɈɃ ɈɐȿɇɄɂ
ɂɇɀȿɇȿɊɇɈ ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȿ
ɆɈȾȿɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ Ɍɗɗ ɉɎ
ɂɇɀȿɇȿɊɇȺə ɎȺɁȺ Ɍɉɉ
ȼ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ± ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ
ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ Ɇɵ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɟɦ ɨɬɤɥɨ
ɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɬɟɪɦɢ
ɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
ɋɚɦ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ
ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟ
ɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɟ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ȼɫɺ ɷɬɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɡɹ
ɬɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɭɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɺɬɤɨɟ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ
ɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɨɬɪɚɫ
ɥɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɌɊ
ɍɤɪɭɩɧɺɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɌɊ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩ
ɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɫɭɞɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɭɸ ɫɟɪɢɣ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɆɈ ɬ ɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɫɟɪɢɣɧɨ ɝɨɢɥɢɤɪɭɩɧɨɫɟɪɢɣɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɁɚɬɟɦɩɨɷɫɤɢɡɧɨɦɭɩɪɨɟɤɬɭɆɈ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɭɤɪɭɩɧɺɧɧɭɸɌȼɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɛɭɞɟɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɨ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ Ɍ ɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɆɈ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɨ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɤɪɭɩɧɺɧɧɨɣ Ɍȼ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɧ
ɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɺɧɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɭɤɪɭɩɧɺɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɱɺɬ ɦɚɫɫ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɜ
ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɱ
ɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ,·9,, ɪɢɫ
VII |
|
|
|
|
VI |
IV |
III |
II |
I |
V |
ɊɢɫȾɟɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɤɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ©Ʉɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜɨɡɚ ɞɥɹ Ⱦȼ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚª ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɨ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚ ɦɚɫɫ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ
ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɆɈ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭ
ɱɚɟ ©Ʉɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜɨɡɚ ɞɥɹ Ⱦȼ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚª > @ - ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟɞɚɧɧɵɟɜɝɪ ɝɪ ɢɝɪ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɱɟɪɬɟɠɭ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɜ Ɍȼ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɆɈ ɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɤɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨ
ɟɱɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɪɢɫ - ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɝɪ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚ ɆɈ - ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɝɪ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫ
ɧɨ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɭ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɞɟɥɶ ɲɩɚɧɝɨɭɬɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɨɬ ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɨɜ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɬɨɥɳɢɧ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɆɈ ɢ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɭ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɤɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɨɛɲɢɜɤɢ ɤɨɪ ɩɭɫɚ
Ɋɚɫɱɺɬ ɦɚɫɫ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɆɈ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
q = (f × s /103) × 7, 85 × kn,
ɝɞɟ q – ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɛɨɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ, Ɍ;
7,85 – ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ, Ɍ/ɦ3; f – ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɢɳɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ, ɦ2;
s – ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɢɳɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ, ɦɦ;
kn – ɛɟɡɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ, ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 9.
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɡɚɧɨɫɢɦ ɜ ɝɪ ɬɚɛɥ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ |
|
|
|
|
ɗɤɪɚɧ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜɨɡɚ |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ʋ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ |
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɨɝɨ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚɬ |
||
|
|
ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
ɛɥɨɤɚ ɫ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɟɦ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
|
|
|
|
ɷɬɨ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ |
Ʉɨɥ ɜɨ |
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ |
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ |
ɭɱɺɬɚ ɦɚɫɫɵ |
Ɇɚɫɫɚ |
|
|||||
|
ɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɢ ɝɨɪɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɥɸɤɢ |
ɫɟɤɰɢɣ |
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ |
ɧɚɛɨɪɚ |
|
|
|||||
|
ɬɪɚɩɵ ɢɥɥɸɦɢɧɚɬɨɪɵ ɞɜɟɪɢ |
ɜ ɛɥɨɤɟ |
ɩɨɥɨɬɧɢɳɚf |
ɩɨɥɨɬɧɢɳɚs |
ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ |
ɫɟɤɰɢɢ |
|
|||||
|
ɢ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɟ |
ɲɬ. |
|
ɦ2 |
|
ɦɦ |
|
ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ |
ɬ |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
ɬɪɚɫɫɵ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɢ ɬɢɩɵ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
kn |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
2 |
3 |
|
4 |
|
5 |
|
6 |
7 |
8 |
|
|
Ȼɥɨɤ ɧɨɫɨɜɨɣ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
ɫ ɛɭɥɶɛɨɦ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɋɤɭɥɨɜɨɣ ɛɥɨɤ |
|
|
|
|
î |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɬɪɸɦɚ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ȼɨɪɬɨɜɚɹ ɨɛɴɺɦɧɚɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ⱦɧɢɳɟɜɚɹ ɨɛɴɺɦɧɚɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
,, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɚɥɭɛɧɚɹ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɫ ɥɸɤɨɜɵɦ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ
1 |
|
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
|
Ɂɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ |
ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ |
|
|
î |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɬɪɸɦɚ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
Ȼɨɪɬɨɜɚɹ ɨɛɴɺɦɧɚɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
î |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ⱦɧɢɳɟɜɚɹ ɨɛɴɺɦɧɚɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
,,, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɚɥɭɛɧɚɹ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɫ ɥɸɤɨɜɵɦ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɬɪɸɦɚ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ȼɨɪɬɨɜɚɹ ɨɛɴɺɦɧɚɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ⱦɧɢɳɟɜɚɹ ɨɛɴɺɦɧɚɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
,9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɚɥɭɛɧɚɹ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
ɫ ɥɸɤɨɜɵɦ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ʉɨɪɦɨɜɨɣ |
ɛɥɨɤ |
|
|
î |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɚɥɭɛɧɚɹ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
Ȼɨɪɬɨɜɚɹ ɨɛɴɺɦɧɚɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ⱦɧɢɳɟɜɚɹ ɨɛɴɺɦɧɚɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ
|
Ȼɥɨɤ ɤɨɪɦɨɜɨɣ ɨɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɫ ɞɟɣɞɜɭɞɨɦ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɋɟɤɰɢɢ ɇɈ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ȼɥɨɤ ɧɚɞɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ |
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ |
ɤ ɬ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɋɟɤɰɢɢ ɇɈ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɤ ɬ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɣ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ȼɫɟɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɨɜɨɡɚ Ȉqi, ɬ: |
|
|
|
||||