Стилистический анализ текста. Учебное пособие
.pdf12.‘Silence!’ The hamlike fist of Lucien Perrault smashed down upon the table. (J. Hailey)
13.The three girls in the beaver bonnets were no handsomer than the turnips that skirted the roadside. (Thackeray)
II. Discuss the effect produced by the use of the simile
1.Mary’s father stepped in with congratulations. His praises went trampling over the delicate little play like a herd of elephants. (Huxley)
2.‘What an agape!’ Willie Weaver simmered on, like a tea kettle. The spout was now turned towards Lucy. ‘ What a symposium!’ (Huxley)
3.There was certainly nothing very tame bout Mark Rampion’s appearance. His profile was steep, with a hooked, fierce nose like a cutting instrument and a pointed chin. The eyes were blue and piercing, and the very fine hair, a little on the reddish side of golden, fluttered up at every moment, every breath of wind, like wisps of blown flame. (Huxley)
4.The trees looked as if they didn’t have their eyes open yet. (Myers)
5.We were idly watching the flat grey sea which seemed to lie within the threemile limit like an animal passive and ominous in a cage waiting to show what it can do outside. (Greene)
6.Once he had regained her side he hardly left it, though he never spoke at all - he was too busy listening, while his small steely hand grasped hers, like one half of a handcuff. (Greene)
7.Jenkins jumped like an overtrained dog at the crack of the ring master’s whip. (Cronin)
8.The bell - hop went quickly to the door, hesitated, looking back at the Sullivans. They stared t him, still, intent, watchful. There was something about that scared him. It was like losing your way in the dark and finding yourself suddenly in a cemetery. (Chase)
9.I was alone in the hut, but as I stirred an old native woman came running in. She was hideous as sin but she grinned at me encouragingly. (Christie)
10.She jerked her hands clear of his grasp. Her cheeks were sucked in, her face catlike with anger. (Busch)
11.It may have been that the dancing shadows tricked their eyes, but certainly to each of the companions the boughs appeared to be bending this way and that so as to come above the flames, while the upper branches were stooping down the
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brown leaves now stood out stiff, and rubbed together like many cold cracked hands taking comfort in the warmth. (Tolkien)
12. Though such a large and portly man he had appeared , as it were, like some vast travesty of Aril who could materialize and vanish at will. (Christie)
Euphemism
Define the type of euphemisms and discuss their functions.
1.‘Maybe you think that bank isn’t steep,’ he boasted, and stick. By Godfreys, I went down, thought I was gonna dive right in the creek.’ (Clark)
2.I was already planning how best to buy Marcel out, but that would have to wait until my mother had gone on to her further destiny. (Greene)
3.By Jove, sir you’ve hit it! (Galsworthy)
4.‘To h- l with the newspapers,’ he growled. ‘What do they spell but brag and blow and boodle in box - car letters?’ (O. Henry)
5.The sharks closed in now, looming large and menacing with cold unblinking eye. Like hawks! his mind ran, taking fire. There, by Harry, was his only chance. (Stivens)
6.By George, Jack, have you thought to tell her that the only thing you ever loved in any woman was your own reflection? (Glasgow)
7.Great Jove! How many poor devils, I wonder, have sat here before me?’ (Glasgow)
8.‘… and when Eomer brought the tidings that you had gone at last to your long Rome, I did not mourn. (Tolkien)
9.He (the editor) took up a strip of proof instead, ran down it with a blue eye, and a blue pencil, altered the word ‘adultery’ to ‘impropriety’, and the word ‘Jew’ to the word ‘Alien’… (Chesterton)
10.‘What interest is that?’
‘ Trying to help women who’ve come to grief’. Old Jolyon did not quite understand. ‘ To grief?’ he repeated; then realized with a shock that she meant exactly what he would have meant himself if he had used that expression. Assisting the Magdalenes of London! What a weird and terrifying interest! (Galsworthy)
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Hyperbole
Discuss the effect hyperbole produces.
1.I fished about until I found some old lipsalve, and I put oceans of ir on my lips. (Christie)
2.‘Of course, that’s only a drop in the ocean.’ (Christie)
3.Also because it has this big old madman desk in it that D.B. bought off some lady alcoholic in Philadelphia, and this big, gigantic bed that’s about ten miles wide and ten miles long. (Salinger)
4.‘ But no! You could never understand my Ann! Never in a million years!’ (Auchincloss)
5.‘What a fire - place! You might roast an elephant in it.’ (Thackeray)
6.…when they entertained their tables groaned with food. (Maugham)
7.St. Clare was in foul need of money, and mountains of it. (Chesterton)
8.Also because it has … this big, gigantic bed that’s about ten miles wide and ten miles long. (Salinger)
Enumeration
Find and analyze cases of enumeration, comment on its functions.
1.A tall, sadfaced, whitehaired negro stood behind the counter looking at me with hopeful injury. (Chase)
2.There were the usual flood lit swimming pool, the acres of carefully cultivated gardens, the wide verandahs, the lounging chairs, hammocks and gay umbrellas, and finally the big, sprawling house with its twenty or so bedrooms. (Chase)
3.In the remoter apartments every imaginable operation was going on at once,- roasting, boiling, baking, beating, rolling, pounding in mortars, frying, freezing… (O.W. Holmes)
4.Oh, that narrow sulky (doctor’s carriage)! What hopes, what fears, what comfort, what anguish, what despair, in the roll of its coming or its parting wheels! (O.W. Holmes)
5.She was so full of life, so graceful, so generous, so vivacious, so ready always to do all she could for him and for everybody, so perfectly frank in her avowed delight in the pleasures which this miserable world offered her in the shape of natural beauty, of poetry, of music, of companionship, of books, of cheerful cooperation in the tasks of those about her… (O.W. Holmes)
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6.A complex tracery of shining rails linked the many shafts. Over them crawled are trains, prop trains, coal trains, refinery trains, mill trains, acid trains. (Carter)
7.… the whole night’s nightmare of doubt and indecision and sleeplessness and strain and fatigue and shock and amazement and (he admitted it) some of fear too. (Faulkner)
Suspense
Discuss the way suspense is achieved in the following cases and its functions
1.And then followed the big city’s biggest shame, its most ancient and rotten surviving canker, its pollution and disgrace, its blight and perversion, its forever infamy and guilt, fostered, unreproved and cherished, handed down from a longago century of the basest barbaritythe Hue and Cry (O. Henry)
2.In the thoughts of those who have never visited them all great cities are represented by symbols… … to British colonials the symbol of London is more homely… It is a small figure perched slantways above a roundabout, an elegant Victorian god with a Grecian nameEros of Piccadically Circus. (Marsh)
3.Well - Pen had just made his public appearance in a coat with a tail, or caudavirilis, and was looking most anxiously in his little study - glass to see if his whiskers were growing, like those of more fortunate youths his companions; and, instead of the treble voice with which he used to sing… had suddenly plunged into a deep bass diversified by a squeak, which set master and scholars laughinghe was about sixteen years in word, when he was suddenly called away from his academic studies. (Thackeray)
4.When he approached that period - when he came to belong to two spouting clubs at Oldborough, among the young merchants and lawyers’- clerks - to blow the flute nicely, and play a good game at billiards - to have written one or two smart thing in the Oldborough ‘Sentinel’- to be fond of smoking (in which act he was discovered by his fainting aunt at three o’clock one morning) - in one word when John Perkins arrived at manhood, he discovered that he was quite unfit to be an attorney…(Thackeray)
5.Now, squatting on the ridge waiting for the troop train, Mike looked admiringly up at ‘Them’.
They were nameless. Three incredible pillars of white brick rising from the ground almost to the clouds. The three largest, highest smoke - stacks ever built. They were the smelter chimneys, the cathedral spires of Deep Rock. (Carter)
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Climax
Discuss the way increase in significance is maintained in the following examples.
1.…and I remembered how I had been scared, hurt, and many nearly killed, because Lucius hadn’t minded his own affairs. (Myers)
2.‘I’ll think of you very moment and every day of my life.’ (Robins)
3.What difference if it rained, hailed, blew, snowed, cycloned?’ (O. Henry)
4.‘ A boy who construes Se and, instead of Se but, at sixteen years of age, is guilty not merely of folly, and ignorance, and dullness inconceivable, but of crime, of deadly crime, of filial ingratitude, which I tremble to contemplate. A boy, sir, who does not learn his Greek play cheats the parent who spends money for his education. A boy who cheats his parent is not very far from robbing or forging upon his neighbor. A man who forger on his neighbor pays the penalty of his crime at the gallows. (Thackeray)
5.An hour, or a day, or a week of brooding, with perhaps a sudden flash of violence… (O.W. Holmes)
6.The hum rises, spreads, swells louder, fuller, nearer, until it becomes the manyvoiced roar of London in the fashionable season. (Lee)
7.… we went out - the old bonnet, an old shawl and a still more pair of black gloves completing Mrs. Clarissa’s toilette. (Lee)
8.There is no more curious phenomenon in our social life than the way in which a man or woman can go about for weeks, months, years even, in blissful ignorance of the stories told of them… (Lee)
9.… yet, now and then, a transient cloud obscured his joy, a doubt, a suspicion, a dread. (Lee)
10.‘ But tell me,- tell me something, - tell me everything, Danforth, before I die!’ (Hale)
11.‘It’s admirable. It’s inestimable. It’s also quite incredible.’ (Chesterton)
Antithesis
Discuss the semantic centers and structural peculiarities of antithesis.
1.They pursued - a shrieking mob of fathers, mothers, lovers and maidenshowling, yelling, calling, whistling, and crying for blood. (O. Henry)
2.I hope we are agreed that knowledge is desirable and that ignorance is undesirable.
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3.The free man turned and saw her. For a second he seemed surprised, but immediately recovering, he bowed. Coming from a man with torn overalls and a matted beard, the bow was ridiculous and charming. (Steinbeck)
4.While he stood there he felt like a man who had gone shivering to sleep in the winter, and had awakened to find the scented air of spring blowing in his window. (Glasgow)
5.At his feet lay his meager valise; in his hand was an enormous bouquet, a useful tribute of esteem from his disconsolate pupils; around him luggage - laden porters and passengers hurried; in front were drawn up the long line of cabs, their waterproofs glistening with wet; and in his pocket rattled the few paltry coins that, for Heaven knew how long, were to keep him from starvation. (Locke)
6.His first reaction to London, its shops, its restaurants, its welldressed, attractive women, had faded. He saw it now as a glittering rhinestone set in a dingy setting.
Supposing he were back in South Africa now… He felt a quick pang of homesickness. Sunshine - blue skies - gardens of flowers - cool blue flowers - hedges of plumbago –blue convolvulus clinging to every little shanty.
And here - shirt, grime, and endless, incessant crowds - moving, hurrying, jostling. Busy ants running industriously about their ant - hill. (Christie)
7.If her relationship with her mother was ambiguous and steeped in fantasy, that which she enjoyed with her father appeared, in contrast, sternly practical. (Busch)
8.With his third wife John Bidlake’s relations were, and had been for years most satisfyingly indefinite . They did not live together, but they were not separated. They rarely communicated, but they had never quarrelled. (Huxley)
9.All the company heard the applause, and, as the curtain went down, came round her and congratulated and hated Miss Fortheringay. (Thackeray)
10.He was born in New Hampshire, a queer sort of State, with fat streaks of soil and population where they breed giants in mind and body, and lean streaks which export imperfectly – nourished young men with promising but neglected appetites. (O. W. Holmes)
11.… she let her pen run into full details, and was grave, gay, sad, serious, sarcastic, merry, just as the spirit moved her at the moment. (Lee)
12.Theoretically, the world would allow that did wisely to prefer Captain Gresham, brave and manly, to the Marquis, base and profligate. (Lee)
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13.What extremes seemed met there overhead. Health, wealth, love, beauty, hopesickness, poverty, bereavement, the shadow of death. (Lee)
14.The stranger nodded and smiled as we parted, but I gave him a stony stare. (Maugham)
15.Soames Forsyte, flat - shouldered, clean shaven, flat - cheeked, flat - waisted, yet with something round and secret about his appearance, looked downwards and aslant at Aunt Ann, as though trying to see through the side of his own nose. (Galsworthy)
16.In contrast to the Pole , who was hairless and talkative, the Italian beyond him was silent, and rather sulky, under his bush of black hair. (Chesterton)
Rhetoric Questions
Discuss the structure of the rhetorical questions and their function.
1.I was irritated by his absolute discretion, absolute correctness, absolute rectitude. Had the captain never slipped up once, in his youth or in his cups, in the absence of that well - coiffured wife of his? (Greene)
2.Brother, terrible silent brother, down there in the dark oil, what have we done to each other? What have we done? (Aldington)
3.If Mr. Chichester had indeed spent the last two years in the interior of Africa, how was that he was not more sun - burnt? His skin was as pink and white as a baby’s. Surely there was something fishy there? (Christie)
4.Her heart beat a little faster. Would it be all right? Would she be able to accomplish what she had set out to do? (Christie)
5.Granted that Swithin took a bachelor’s view of the situation - still what indeed was not due to that family in which so many had done so well for themselves, had attained a certain position? If he had heard in dark, pessimistic moments the words ‘yeomen’ and ‘ very small beer’ used in connection with his origin, did he believe them?
No! he cherished, hugging it pathetically to his bosom, the secret theory that there was something distinguished somewhere in his ancestry. (Galsworthy)
6.What perverse instinct tells them when to strike? How do they learn to break the crystal mood so unerringly? Why do they hate the mystery so much? (Aldington)
7.Who will deliver us, who will deliver us from the Christians? (Aldington)
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8.Was this how it would come, the partnership for which he had waited so long? (Auchincloss)
9.He had a world of his own. What ardent imaginative soul has not a secret pleasure - place in which it disports? (Thackeray)
Inversion
Discuss the types of inversion and define its functions.
1.Vanessa, if before she had been enchanting and bewildering in her beauty, far more bewildering was she now. (Walpole)
2.Off would come his socks and shoes and he would be on his way with undoctorlike ballet leaps onto rocks and logs. (Busch)
3."More like to the swift rows of Eorl than to the grave Men of Gondor he seemed to me, and likely to prove a great captain of his people when his time came." (Tolkien)
4.Quickly and silently he went, until he came to the edge of the knoll. (Tolkien)
5.Slowly in the East the dark faded to a clod grey. (Tolkien)
6.Forty leagues and more it was, as a bird flies, from Edoras to the fords of the Isen... (Tolkien)
7.Ragged, dirty, thin and worn-out he looked... (Alcott)
8.Never while the widow spoke had the cup ceased being passed among the celebrants; never had Justin not been offered it. (Tryon)
9.Reason enough there has been till now... for very strict secrecy... (Hale)
10....to the press this man's story has been wholly unknown... (Hale)
11."A charming place it was and is. A spiritied, brave young parish had I..." (Hale)
12.And in young Jolyon's face he slammed the door. (Galsworthy)
13.Him also he failed by name... (Chesterton)
14."A damned blood-sucking blackmailer that simple, strenuous, self-made captain of industry. (Chesterton).
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Detachment
Discuss the types and functions of detachment
1.He was a man of forty, assured, purposeful. (Christie)
2.He half turned, staring at the girl with a new expression – puzzled, resentful, suspicious... (Christie)
3.Shortly after nine in the morning of Saturday Billy let himself in, with the newspapers. She sat up in bed, startled. (Spark)
4.They walked on side by side, his steps easy and leisurely, hers clacking like an angry woman's tongue. (Busch)
5.So it was that she smiled and nodded to welcome Colonel Luscombe – erect, soldierly, race glasses hanging round his neck. (Christie)
6.Inside, it was clear that the books owned the shop rather than the other way about. (Christie)
7.Jimmy got up and walked, not on tiptoe, into the dining room to pour himself a drink. (Auchincloss)
8.Breakfast disposed of the sergeant presented me with the first daily bulletin, a masterpiece of penmanship and rhetoric, which informed me that we had eleven patients and three orderlies. (Huard)
9.But the next day came, and the next, and still Elsie was on her bed, - feverish, wakeful, silent. (O. W. Holmes)
10.And he would sit for long spells brooding his paper before him, a cigar extinct between his lips. (Galsworthy)
Parallelism
Discuss the functions of parallel constructions in the following cases.
1.The hall of Lady Medlington's house was inhabited by tow anachronisms in pseudo-eighteenth-century costume, one of whom examined my entrance card with suspicious hauteur while the other accepted my hat with overwhelming condescension. (Aldington)
2.To pass away on the "Field of Honor" with the din of battle, and the cries of victory ringing in one's ears, that was glorious! But to slowly flicker out from illness in a God-forsaken emergency hospital, that was ghastly. (Huard)
3.He asked for their advice with a humility that was touching and promised to act upon it with a sincerity that was impressive. (Maugham)
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4.When Roy asked the author of a flattering review to lunch it was because he was sincerely grateful to him for his good opinion and when he asked the author of an unflattering one it was because he was sincerely concerned to improve himself. (Maugham)
5.He had defeated I know not how many district-attorneys; he had dined at I know not how many public dinners; he had been heralded in I know not how many Weekly Arguses... (Hale)
Polysyndeton
Discuss the functions of polysyndeton
1.For a long time after he had finished lunch he sat in the booth with his back to the corner, brooding and smoking and staring out into the room. (Busch)
2.Yet the herdsmen and husbandman that dwelt there were not many, and the most part of the people of Gondor lived in the seven circles of the City, or in the high vales of the mountain-borders, in Lossamach, or further south in fair Lebennin with its five swift streams. (Tolien)
3.The company now mounted again, and Gimli returned to Legolas. They rode in file, and evening came on and a deep blue dusk; and still fear pursued them. (Tolkien)
4.Then Aragorn turned, and there was a stony slope behind him running down from the skirts of the snow; and as he looked he was aware that alone there in the waste a growing thing stood. And he climbed to it, and saw that out of the very edge of the snow there sprang a sapling tree no more that three foot high. Already it had put forth young leaves young and shapely, dark above and silver beneath, and upon its slender crown it bore one small cluster of white flowers whose white petals shone like the sunlit snow. (Tolkien)
5.Then Frodo kissed Merry and Pippin, and last of all Sam, and went aboard; and the sails were drawn up, and the wind blew and slowly the ship slipped away down the long grey firth; and the light of the glass of Galadriel that Frodo bore glimmered and was lost. (Tolkien)
6.Miss Matfield, who had been half frightened, half elated by the little scene, and now, what with the wine and the dancing and the music and the embracing and the general excitement of the long evening, was in a fantastic condition, tired and excited and tined and audacious and thrilled all at once, fol-
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