Стилистический анализ текста. Учебное пособие

1.3.EXERCISES:

Metaphor

1.State the part of speech in which the metaphor is embodied and its syntactic function. Say whether it is a simple or a sustained metaphor. Pick out cases of trite metaphor.

1.And the perfect afternoon slowly ripened, slowly faded, slowly its petals closed.(Mansfield)

2.He was ever so good, but he shouldn’t always be dusting her – she wasn’t a piece of china.(Galsworthy)

3.At Port Said they went ashore. The flank of the ship was an iron precipice. (Huxley)

4.After they left Grace, a tiny gnat of doubt hummed around in Andra’s mind, nagging a little. (Robins)

5.He was striding up and down the circumscribed space, hurling a flood of words at the unfortunate secretary whom I now saw for the first time. (Christie)

6.Dreamt about the old days! That was before I settled down and became a pillar of society. (Christie)

7.The machine sitting at that desk was no longer a man; it was a busy New York broker, moved by buzzing wheels and uncoiling springs. (O. Henry)

8.Just as she had victoriously substituted herself for his profession and for the few hours at the end of his day, she meant now, he saw, to devour the one brief interval of time he could call his own. (Glasgow)

9.For the space of two hours she flowed on in a stream of vapid egotistical twaddle profitable to nobody… (Lee)

10.The sunset was burning out. Only the deep purplered embers of the sky glowed in the waters of the lake. (Carter)

11.Discuss the association on which the metaphor is based. Define the cases of personification.

1.Seattle has sulked for years. And beneath the sulkiness was fear. Seattle, the lusty young town, the cocksure two-fisted giant, was ailing, was sick in its vital life stream.

2.I wake slowly, the cocoon of unconsciousness peeling away gradually as the silken thread of sleep is unwound. (Christie)

3.There was another desert of speechlessness (Huxley)

4.“Bare-footed through the Umbrian hills she goes, the Lady Poverty. (Huxley)

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5.”Well, sir, the Press is a sensitive plant”. (Galsworthy)

6.… naturally the County Townsends hated her, and by no means wanted Harry to link up with such a feminine volcano. (Aldington)

7.“Do tell me, what does it suit?” Frey said with one of those quick bullets of charm that he was always ready to shoot out of the machine-gun mentality he had developed for this social circle. (Robins)

8.The machine sitting at that desk was no longer a man; it was a busy New York broker, moved by buzzing wheels and uncoiling springs. (O. Henry)

9.Just as she had victoriously substituted herself for his profession and for the few hours at the end of his day, she meant now, he saw, to devour the one brief interval of time he could call his own. (Glasgow)

10.For the space of two hours she flowed on in a stream of vapid egotistical twaddle profitable to nobody…(Lee)

11.The sunset was burning out. Only the deep purpled embers of the sky glowed in the waters of the lake. (Carter)

111.Discuss the different means by which personification is sustained in the following sentences. Comment on the effect produced.

1.Dawn opened a sleepy eye; a bird cheeped and daylight came in. (du Maurier)

2.… she was never again awake to watch the dawn march into the city. (Busch)

3.Next to the mansionhouses, came the two-story, trim, white-painted, ‘genteel’ houses, which, being more gossipy and less nicely-bred, crowded close up to the street, instead of standing back from it with arms akimbo, like the man- sion-houses. (O.W. Holmes)

4.All on the surface was gay and genial here, but below the surface were the beginnings of many sorrows, and even the day was done, they were thrusting themselves into sight. (Lee)

5.Tenderly whispering, a column of tiny wavelets suddenly filed into the cove and patted the shoreline. (Carter)

6.A man of eighty-five has no passions, but the Beauty which produces passion works on in the old way, till death closes the eyes which crave the sight of Her. (Galsworthy)

7.… every day and all day long the sun, in full armor, swung his brazen shield above the Park… (Galsworthy)

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8.He had run his quarry to earth on a bench under one of the lions in Trafalgar Square, a monster sphinx astray like themselves in that gulf of darkness. (Galsworthy) (He - George Forsyte, his quarry - Bosinney)

9.The bed- sitting-room that Turgis had at the top of the house, so small that the iron bedstead, the yellow washstand, the three deal drawers, the lopsided and groaning basket chair, and the little old gas-fire, a genuine antique among gasfires, made it seem uncomfortably crowded with furniture and fittings, was no place in which to feed. It did not like being sat in, resented the sight of a cup of tea and a biscuit, and the presence of one good plateful of roast beef, potatoes, Brussels sprouts, and gravy would have completely finished it. (Priestley)

10.This treacherous Saturday, however, was still capable of giving him another shock, from an unexpected quarter. (Priestley)

Metonymy

1.Discuss the types of relation which metonymy is based on in the following sentences. Pick out trite metonymies.

1.‘I ought to have known. That suicide business, you see, frightened Poison Pen. She got the wind up. Fear, Mr. Burton, is an incalculable thing’. (Christie)

2.‘You are behind the times, dear lady’, said Mr.Pye, ‘My two terrors use the telephone constantly and smoked all over the house until I objected. But one daren’t say too much. Prescott is a divine cook, though temperamental, and Mrs. Prescott is an admirable house - parlourmaid.

3.I didn’t want to ride down with her and the spinster sister and red-whiskers all interested and pumping me about it. (Clark)

4.I always give the courtesy of my ear to the man who’s buying the drinks, but this time I was really interested. (Myers)

5.There was somebody sitting next to her, a blue uniform was asking, ‘Do you feel all right?’ (Grau)

6.Harry used to jeer at Alfred. Called him old Slow and Sure. (Christie)

7.Unlike some of his older colleagues, the Judge refused to turn himself into a rubber stamp; he read every document that called for his scrutiny. (Busch)

8.‘I know, with the tremendous practice of a sawbones three years out of his internship, you can hardly spare the time’… (Busch)

9.‘What scores of times have I sat here… talking… and you… lending me your ears’. (Lee)

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10.Dave Nelson thought to himself, with confused emotions, ‘I was only a kid when I used to look inside the door of halls like this, and make fun of them. Old graybeards, arguing! Now maybe I’m getting gray myself, eh? (Carter)

11.‘Oh, all right Mister Methodical’, cried Mrs. Smeeth good - humouredly. (Priestley)

12.‘Well, I don’t know, if it comes to that, Mister Clever’, she retorted good - humouredly.

Irony

Explain what conditions made the realization of the opposite evaluation possible. What part of speech is used in irony and its syntactical function.

1.My mother is stamping around the place, and my old man is still working on his rest before going out to find no job. (Graziano)

2.When he was done shaking hands with me, the Judge smoothed back his thick, black mane, cut off square at the collar, like a senator’s, put one hand in his pocket, played with the Ralf-dozen emblems and charms on his watch chain with the other, teetered from his heels to his toes two or three times, lifted his head, smiled at me like I was the biggest pleasure he’d had in years, and drew a great, deep breath, like he was about to start an oration. (Clark)

3.‘You’re such a cheerful fellow, Pagett’, I said. ‘I trust that your imagination runs away with you. If I were you I should go to the dance as a death’s head or an executioner. It will suit your mournful style of beauty. (Christie)

4.I have here three letters from you, each of which recommends an article I should never dream of putting in. I had your father here yesterday afternoon, who made further valuable suggestions. (Galsworthy)

5.A wellfed man in a white waistcoat said slowly through his teeth: ‘ It’s all greed; they can’t be hungry. Why, they take no exercise’. At these words a tiger snatched a piece of bleeding liver, and the fat man laughed. (Galsworthy).

6.‘Well, we’re lucky’, said Luigi irritably, as if bored with the discussion of their luckiness, and wanting to dismiss it’. (Spark)

7.Great bunch of friends a man had in a city like this - they’d tear toy apart like a hunk of French bread, have you in pieces before they finished their second cocktail. (Busch)

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8.As for Mr. Waldo Jubbe, who hailed from the Middle Western districts of the United States, he was an exceedingly ardent and patriotic British Jury, standing for Realism in Art, Authority in politics, and Classicism in religion. (Aldington)

9.‘The whole of St. Vast is flooded. The city is in flames’. This and similar encouraging information spread through the crowd and made us shiver. (Huard)

10.‘Have patience with the poor child - she has a mot sweet voice’. ‘She need not let everybody hear it’, snarled my gracious kinsman…(Lee)

11.‘ I was much more shocked than Mary Ann. I was a very respectable youth. The reader cannot have failed to observe that I accepted the conventions of my class as if they were the laws of Nature… (Maugham)

12.‘Well, here we are at our beautiful home’, said Miss Matfield, looking up at the Club entrance.

‘I know. Isn’t it revolting?’

‘Absolutely vile’, she replied mechanically, s they walked in. (Priestley)

Pun

Define the functions of pun. What effect does it add to the utterance?

1.You see, Mrs. Crump could really tell me a lot about the girl. Not in connection with the murder. I don’t mean that. But about her spirits lately and the odd things she said. I don’t mean odd in the sense of peculiar. I mean just the odds and ends of conversation. (Christie)

2.’Do you think there may have been foul play?’

‘Foul play, foul play, fowls lay eggs don’t they?’ (Christie) 3. ‘I’ll post the cuttings to you, Miss Lee’, she sighed.

‘Cuttings…’mumbled Flack. ‘Ach… Andra is just cutting her own throat… chucking her golden chances away crazy girl!’ (Robins)

4.‘Love lies in her eyes’, he quoted to himself, ‘and lies and lies and lies!’ (Robins)

5.…the host edged his way through the guests, came to her side and pressed a glass of champagne into her hand.

‘You’re not drinking. Take this.’

‘Thanks, it doesn’t suit me,’ she said rather coldly. ‘But your dress does, if I may be so bold!’ (Robins)

6.A sandwich is an unsuccessful attempt to make both ends ‘meat’. (Busch)

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7.‘I hope that the forgotten people will not have forgotten how to fight,’ said Gimli; for otherwise I see not why we should trouble them’. (Tolkien)

8.No one can order a lunch better than Roy, and generally by the time the critic has eaten a half dozen oysters and a cut from a saddle of baby lamb, he has eaten his words too. (Maugham)

9.The man was awake; indeed, he considered himself rather wide awake, being a rising political journalist named Harold March… (Chesterton)

10.‘It was a select company; and yet it hardly seemed to have been selected.’ (Chesterton)

11.‘… we seemed to have got inside a novel; and not a very novel sort of novel.’ (Chesterton)

Zeugma

Analyze various cases of zeugma, how it is created.

1.‘He’s got hold of a secretary for me. You never saw such a woman! Forty, if she’s a day, wears pince-nez and sensible boots and an air of efficiency that will be the death of me. A regular slab - faced woman. (Christie)

2.Delia was to become familiar and then contemptuous with Music, so that when she saw the orchestra seats and boxes unsold she could have sore throat and lobster in a private dining - room and refuse to go on the stage. (O. Henry)

3.Perhaps it would have been much better for him had he taken the parson’s advice and company home. (Thackeray)

4.Madame Poirot resumed her sewing, and with it the thread of her story. (Huard)

5.…and I have met him twice or thrice under the lime - trees towards sunset, when grandmamma goes out with her silver stick and me to breathe the air… (Lee)

6.… her music, her pretty dresses and herself were packed up, and sent off in the brougham to catch the express for London… (Lee)

7.… while the wives in sandals and pants and painted toenails puffed lipstick - stained cigarettes over shopping bags in the chain groceries and drugstores. (Faulkner)

8.In rude health and small omnibuses, with considerable colour in their cheeks, they arrived daily from the various termini. (Galsworthy)

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9. A day or two before Mr. Golspie returned, Miss Matfield, sitting with cold feet and a novel she disliked in the 13 bus, realized with a shock that it was nearly Christmas. (Priestley)

Epithet

I. Discuss the epithets in the following example from the point of view of their compositional structure.

1.Canby had that want-to-grin look in his eyes. (Clark)

2.The emperor allowed himself a frosty smile. (Myers)

3.Instead he set up a crooning murmur, and from under his torn cobweb of a shirt he drew a small wooden statuette which he held out toward us. (Greene)

4.Into this place Soapy took his accusive shoes and tell-tale trousers without challenge. (O. Henry)

5.Bill had looked at Jack and then at Helen of the long golden legs below the gay red shorts, and the amber hair. (Stivens)

6.Pilar quickly pulled up the window which had been let down a couple of inches at the top by a militant - looking, grey - haired lady in the opposite corner. (Christie)

7.Horbury made one little step, it was a mere ghost of a movement but it stopped Lydia’s rapid progress automatically. (Christie)

8.This chap Golspie was obviously one of these heretodayand- gone-to- morrow fellows… (Priestley)

II. Discuss the structure and semantics of epithets.

1.Joyce gave me a rabbity look and ran after her a few steps. (Clark)

2.I watched her leave with a dog in the manger grudging. (Myers)

3.‘You must join me on my private car,’ I said gallantly. ‘Oh, Sir Eustace, how sweet of you! Do you really mean it?’

‘Do I mean it!’ I exclaimed reproachfully, and drank another glass of champagne. (Christie)

4.Andra was a white rose of a girl… (Robins)

5.Trevor spoke again, his face assuming its mournful be-sorry- forme expression. (Robins)

6.Madame had already retired, and Jeanne’s bright eyes were like sleepy stars. (Oxenham)

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7.Laura stood for the better part of an hour, saying goodbye. She was tickled by turnof- thecentury whiskers and enveloped in kisses scented with Edwardian shaving water; a truly courteous, oldschool Yarnum could make a goodbye last as long as an ordinary person’s visit. (Busch)

8.For what possible catastrophe or crisis could diminish, beyond normal fluctuation, the gargantuan hoard which his phrase and motion had indicated? (Busch)

9.An ape of a man with a little knitted cap and long, broken ape teeth stood in front of Charlie. (Busch)

10.Rose Sheldon permitted a discreet to appear on her respectful mask of a face. (Christie)

11.Master Ridley looked up and grinned, little Miss Rosa looked at her brother and opened the mouth of astonishment. (Thackeray)

12.…he was standing just inside the front gate to a small neat shoebox of a house… (Faulkner)

13.This latter was a certain Colonel Clancy, a big full of an Irishman… (Chesterton)

14.The grin was partly masked by masses of reddish - grey beard and whiskers; a perfect jungle of a beard, such as is sometimes grown by white men living in the jungles… (Chesterton)

14.Turgis produced a smile that was abject misery itself, the tortured ghost of a grin. (Priestley)

I11. Define the type and function of epithets.

1.He was genial, energetic, quick and humorousan – outdoor - loving man who would have liked to practice in some country town. (Busch)

2.City editors no doubt already had copies of this literature in its blue cover, so neat and crisp and decorous, at the same time so crude and insufferable and threatening. (Busch)

3.… the name to Laura had a brash yet sinister ring to it, as if denoting someone flashy and unscrupulous, cheap and conniving and shoddy. (Busch)

4.It (the hair) smelled just the way it always had, a good, clean, well-washed, little-girl- ready- for-a party smell. (Warren)

5.Mr. Barrington was as ever, handsome, gracious, graceful, winning, captivating. (Lee)

6.He was so noble, true, devoted, brave, gentle, excellent, and she had lost him! (Lee)

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7.A more honest, simple, clever, warmhearted, soft, whimsical, romantic, highspirited young fellow than John Perkins did not exist. (Thackeray)

8.We drank the hock and smacked appreciative lips. (Maugham)

9.…their riders… rolling without hurry cigarettes and striking deliberate matches to smoked - out pipes… (Faulkner)

10.He now returned to Benenden, at whom he pointed a thick brutal finger. (Priestley)

Oxymoron

Speak on the structure and semantics of oxymoron.

1.The wordy silence troubled her. (Wilde)

2.She was free in her prison of passion. (Wilde)

3.Eileen Shallcross had grown up in the one small niche of serenity that she had managed to carve out of the ordered turbulence of her mother’s life. (Auchicloss)

4.And it is a fact that in these two days, the boy had almost talked over his mother too; had parried all her objections one after another with that indignant good sense which is often the perfection of absurdity; and had brought her almost to acquiesce in the belief that if the marriage was doomed in heaven, why doomed it was…

(Thackeray)

5.‘Indeed he’s a nice poor boy,’ said the Fortheringay rather sadly.’(Thackeray)

6.‘Oh, I had a sad maiden widowhood,’ I promise you, and almost cried myself blind the first three months. (Lee)

Antonomasia

Discuss the interaction between the nominal and logical meanings.

1.He’s a hell of a Lothario is Charlemagne. (Aldington)

2.Out from the circle of spectators in the hall leaped Fate in a green silk skirt, under the nom de guerre of Liz. (O. Henry)

3.The Gordon. alias Miss Springer, the games mistress, came back to give me a raspberry. (Christie)

4.Harry used to jeer at Alfred: called him old Slow and Sure. (Christie)

5.Everybody meets his Waterloo in the end… (Christie)

6.Where one man would treasure a single Degas, Renoir, Cezanne, Mr. Ferraro bought wholesale. (Green

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Simile

Discuss the structure and character of the simile in the following sentences.

1.There were many of us in New York. We walked like ghosts in those brilliant streets full of quick, rushing people. Usually I could detect a refuge the moment I saw one. Not only shabby, but the clothes were different. They hung grave clothes on them. Their faces were gray and closed like a shuttered house in which someone has died and the rooms are empty of sound and feeling. (Ferber)

2.‘Give me fifty commandos,’ he said, ‘and I’d go through the country like a dose of salts’. (Greene)

3.Andrea was standing still now, looking into the fire as though she saw all her dreams about to burst into flames in that grate and send out a million sparks of rapturous happiness. (Robins)

4.He and Colonel Pikeaway greeted each other rather in the manner of two reigning monarchs. Politenesses were exchanged. (Christie)

5.He is yesterday’s news. Nothing is so dead as a dead king. (Christie)

6.The boy thought he resembled a giraffe in his checkered suit, with his long neck stretched right out of its collar and over the counter. (Gerdes)

7.She was a slender creature, a platinum blonde with plucked eyebrows and a smooth egg - like face. (Christie)

8.… she had recently been exposed to the influence of a new set of young friends, celebrities mainly by virtue of being the children of celebrated or famously rich people; and among them particularly was Golly Mackintosh, an heiress of twentytwo from the Philippine Islands, who had a head of young, grey - tinted hair, and who responded to the world as charmingly and heartlessly as a flower. (Spark)

8.In areas where poor families live jammed together in little houses or warrenlike tenements, every personality upheaval stirs the whole contiguous mass… (Busch)

9.Nothing grew there but a few grasses and weeds at its edge, and one old stump of a tree with only two bent branches left: it looked almost like the figure of some gnarled old man, standing there, blinking in the morninglight. (Tolkien)

10.Vaguely reminiscent of a large bumble bee, ChiefInspector Fred Davy, wandered around the confines of the Criminal Investigation Department, humming to himself. (Christie)

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