Справочник по грамматике английского языка в таблицах

Утвердительная

Отрицательная

Вопросительная

форма

форма

форма

I

I

I

He

He

he

She

had been

She

had not been

Had

she

been

It

It

it

We

working

We

working

we

working?

You

You

you

They

They

they

She wanted to sit down

He was not tired because

Had

you

been waiting

because

she had been

he had not been exercis-

there for more than an

standing all day.

ing hard.

hour when she arrived?

Случаи употребления

действие началось до оп-

I thought she had been talking on the phone since

early morning. – Я подумал, что она разговари-

ределенного момента вре-

вала по телефону с самого утра.

мени в прошлом и дли-

I had been renting a flat for five years before I

лось в течение определен-

could buy a house. – Я снимал квартиру в тече-

ного периода

ние пяти лет, прежде чем смог купить дом.

Обстоятельства времени:

for a week – в течение недели

in / over the last few days – в течение

since morning – с утра

последних нескольких дней

all day long – весь день

How long …? – Как долго …?

Since when…? – С каких пор …?

Утвердительная

Отрицательная

Вопросительная

форма

форма

форма

I

I

I

He

He

he

She

will work

She

will not work

Will

she

work?

It

It

it

We

We

we

You

You

you

They

They

they

He will be here soon.

You won’t like his latest

When

will

they come

book.

back?

Случаи употребления

1.

действие, которое

про-

I will arrive at 6, leave my things at the hotel

изойдет в какой-то момент

and take a walk. – Я приеду в 6, оставлю вещи

времени в будущем

в гостинице и пойду на прогулку.

в момент речи

му с собой зонт.

4. для выражения согласия,

I will do my best to fulfil the task. – Я сделаю

обещания, просьбы, пред-

все возможное, чтобы выполнить задание.

ложения, намерений

I won’t tell anybody what has happened. – Я

никомунерасскажуотом, чтослучилось.

5. с выражениями предпо-

I expect he will want to stay at the best hotel. –

ложения, сомнения, вероят-

ности (после think, expect,

Я полагаю, что он захочет остановиться в

wonder, believe, be sure, be

самой лучшей гостинице.

afraid, probably, certainly,

I don’t know when she will come. – Я не знаю,

perhaps)

когда она придет.

Обстоятельства времени:

tomorrow – завтра

next month – в следую-

soon – скоро

tonight – сегодня вечером

щем месяце

in summer – летом

the day after tomorrow –

in a week – через неделю

in 2016 – в 2016 году

послезавтра

two days later – два дня

спустя

Утвердительная

Отрицательная

Вопросительная

форма

форма

форма

I

I

I

He

He

he

She

She

she

It

will be working

It will not be working

Will it

be working?

We

We

we

You

You

you

They

They

they

She will be writing a

I won’t

be sleeping

What will you be doing

letter at 6 p.m..

when you come.

this time tomorrow?

Случаи употребления

This time next week she will be lying on the

действие, которое будет про-

beach. – В это время на следующей неделе

она будет лежать на пляже.

исходить в точное время в

The

children will

be doing

their homework

будущем

when I come back from work. – Дети будут

делать уроки, когда я приду с работы.

Обстоятельства времени:

at 5 o’clock – в 5 часов

at that moment – в тот

this time tomorrow –

from 3 to 4 – с 3 до 4

момент

в это время завтра

at midnight – в полночь

the whole day – весь

when he comes – когда

день

он придет

while – в то время как

Утвердительная

Отрицательная

Вопросительная

форма

форма

форма

I

I

I

He

He

he

She

She

she

It

will have

It

will not have

Will it

have

We

worked

We

worked

we

worked?

You

You

you

They

They

they

They will have arrived

He won’t have learnt his

Will you have received

by the end of the week.

lesson by tomorrow.

my letter by noon?

Случаи употребления

действие, которое завер-

Many natural resources will have disappeared

шится

до определенного

by the end of the century. – Многие природные

момента времени в буду-

ресурсы исчезнут к концу столетия.

щем

Обстоятельства времени:

by 9 o’clock – к 9 часам

before you come – до того, как ты придешь

by that time – к тому времени

in a year – через год

Утвердительнаяформа

Отрицательнаяформа

Вопросительнаяформа

I

I

I

He

He

he

She

She

she

It

will have been

It will not have been

Will it

have been

We

working

We

working

we

working?

You

You

you

They

They

they

By May we will have

He will not have been

How long will you have

been

building our new

waiting for me at the bar

been watching this film

house for a year.

by then.

by Monday?

Обстоятельства времени:

all day long – весь день

How long …? – Как долго?

for an hour – в течение часа

Способ

Случаи употребления

Примеры

в придаточном предложе-

I will call you if I find the book.

– Я позвоню тебе, если найду

Present

нии времени или условия

книгу.

после союзов if, when, as

Indefinite

soon as, till, until, before,

When you see Nelly, you will not

recognize her. – Когда ты уви-

after

дишь Нелли, ты ее не узнаешь.

Present

событие,

являющееся ча-

The train leaves at 6 o’clock to-

стью расписания или про-

morrow.

– Поезд

отправится

Indefinite

граммы

завтра в 6 часов.

My dad is flying to Paris tonight.

Present

запланированное действие

– Мой отец улетает в Париж

(с глаголами движения и с

сегодня вечером.

Continuous

глаголами meet, see, have,

I am meeting him next week. –

take, give, get, do, work)

Я встречаюсь с ним на сле-

дующей неделе.

Harry phoned while you were

действие, решение о вы-

out. ~ I know. I am going to

полнении

которого при-

phone him back. – Гарри зво-

to be going to

нято заранее

нил, пока тебя не было. ~ Я

+ инфинитив

знаю, я перезвоню ему.

уверенность в

соверше-

Look at those black clouds. It is

нии действия, если в на-

going to rain. – Посмотри на те

стоящем

есть

подтвер-

темные

тучи.

Собирается

ждающие это факты

дождь.

Видо-

Страдательный

временная

залог

Примеры

форма

to be + V3

I

Present

am

English is always spoken here. – Здесь

N

is

asked

всегда говорят на английском языке.

D

are

E

F

Past

was

asked

The contract was signed an hour ago. –

I

were

Контракт подписали час назад.

N

I

Future

will be asked

The goods will be sent on time. – Това-

T

E

ры отправят вовремя.

C

Present

am

The rule is being explained now. – Пра-

O

is

being asked

вило сейчас объясняют.

N

are

T

I

Past

was

being asked

My

car was being repaired the whole

N

were

day

yesterday. – Мою машину ремон-

U

тировали вчера весь день.

O

U

Future

─

S

P

Present

have been asked

Has he been shown the documents? –

has

Ему показали документы?

E

R

Past

had been asked

Everything had been taken care of. –

F

Обо всем позаботились.

E

C

Future

will

have been

The job will have been done by 6. – Ра-

T

asked

бота будет сделана к 6.

M

can

O

may

The problem must be solved. – Пробле-

D

must

be asked

A

ма должна быть решена.

L

have to

be going to

S

Прямая речь

Косвенная речь

Present Indefinite

→

Past Indefinite

He said, “I want to go home.”

He said he wanted to go home.

Present Continuous

→

Past Continuous

He said, “I am looking for a job now.”

He said he was looking for a job then.

Present Perfect

→

Past Perfect

She said, “I have sent you an e-mail.”

She said she had sent me an e-mail.

Present Perfect Continuous

→

Past Perfect Continuous

He said, “I have been waiting for ages.”

He said he had been waiting for ages.

Past Indefinite

→

Past Perfect

Molly said, “I bought a car in 2009.”

Molly said she had bought a car in 2009.

Past Continuous

→

Past Perfect Continuous

She said, “I was sleeping at 10.”

She said she had been sleeping at 10.

Future Indefinite

→

Future-in-the-Past

They said, “We will call you soon.”

They said they would call us soon.

Прямая речь

Косвенная речь

here

→

there

this

→

that

these

→

those

now

→

then

today

→

that day

tonight

→

that night

yesterday

→

the day before

last night

→

the night before

two days ago

→

two days before, two days earlier

tomorrow

→

the next day, the following day

next week

→

the next week, the following week

in a month

→

a month later