Логистика транспортный аспект реализации. Учебник
.pdfɳɢɧɭ ɦɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɟɜɹɬɢ ɞɨɫɨɤ ×22× ɦɦ Ɍɪɢ ɩɨɩɟ ɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ × × ɉɨɞɞɨɧ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɚ ɞɟɜɹɬɢ ɲɚɲ ɤɚɯ – ɤɪɚɣɧɢɟ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ × × ɦɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɬɪɢ 78× × ɦɦ ɇɢɠɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɦɦ ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɨɤ ɦɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɦɦ ɇɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɧɢɠ ɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɤɚɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɡɚɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɮɚɫɤɢ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɟɡɞ ɩɨɥɨɡɶɟɜ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɥɟɠɤɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɚɫɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɭɝɥɚɯ ɩɨɞ ɞɨɧɚ;
xɬɪɢɩɥɟɬ × . Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶ – ɤɝ Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɢɥ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ – ɞɨɫɨɤ × × × ɦɦ ɉɨɞɞɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɯɡɚɯɨɞɧɵɦ ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɥɹɟɬ – ɦɦ ɨɬ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɇɚɫɬɢɥ ɤɪɟɩɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɪɟɦ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɦ ɛɪɭɫ ɤɚɦ × × ɦɦ ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɪɭɫɤɢ ɫɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɞɨɫɤɚɦɢ × × ɦɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɭ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ;
xɤɜɚɞɪɚɬ × . Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɝ
ɇɚɫɬɢɥ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɦɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɟɜɹɬɢ ɞɨɫɨɤ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ × × ɦɦ Ɍɪɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ × × × ɦɦ ɉɨɞɞɨɧ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɚ ɞɟɜɹɬɢ ɲɚɲɤɚɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ × × × ɦɦ Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɬɪɟɯ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɨɤ × × ɦɦ ɇɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɟɯ
ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɞɨɫɤɚɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɡɚɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɮɚɫɤɢ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɟɡɞ ɩɨ ɥɨɡɶɟɜ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɥɟɠɤɢ.
2.ɉɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟ
xɟɜɪɨɩɨɞɞɨɧ × . Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɝ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ ɢɡ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɢɞɟ ɚɥɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɋɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɵ ɪɶɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɟɝɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɢɡɚɣɧɚɩɨɡ ɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɥɟɩɧɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹ ɳɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɣɤɚɯ ɉɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɹɦ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɡɚɣɧ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɭɞɚɪɨɩɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ ɐɜɟɬɚ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɚ ɱɟɪɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɵɣ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ
ɤɪɟɩɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ;
xɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ × . Ƚɭɡɨɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɝ ɋɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ ɢɡɝɨ ɬɨɜɥɟɧ ɢɡ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɚ Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤ ɬɟɪɧɵ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɦɵɬɶ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɛɨɥɶ ɲɨɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɨɧ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɥɟɝɤɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɗɬɨɬ
ɩɨɞɞɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɣ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɨɣ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɞɟɪɟɜɹɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɚɦ;
xɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ × . Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣɜɟɫ ɤɝ ɉɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɉɨɞɞɨɧ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɨɦ ɛɟɥɨɦ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɱɟɪɧɨɦ ɰɜɟɬɟ;
xɩɷɬ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ × . Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɤɝ ɉɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ – ɢɞɟɚɥɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɬ
101
ɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɚɥɚɡɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ ɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ -ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɨɦ ɛɟɥɨɦ ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɱɟɪɧɨɦ ɰɜɟɬɟ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɵɣɜɢɞɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ– ɩɚɤɟɬɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ ɧɵɟ – ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢ ɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ
ǯȔșȌȗȓȕȋȇȒȣȔȢȌ ȏ ȓȚȒȣșȏȓȕȋȇȒȣȔȢȌ șȌȜȔȕȒȕȊȏȏ ȖȌȗȌȉȕȎȕȑ
ɂɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨ ɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ
Ɇɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɂɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɜɢ ɞɚɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨ ɟɞɢɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɭ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɥɤɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɛɟɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɝɪɭɡɨɜɥɚ ɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɉɪɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɟ ɝɪɭɡɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɭ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɭ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɩɟɪɚ ɬɨɪɨɦ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɑɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɬɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚ ɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɡɚ
ȼ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫ ɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɦ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɟɦɭ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɬɚ ɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ –5 %.
ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
xɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɭ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
xɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɫɤɜɨɡɧɨɣ ɬɚɪɢɮ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɭ
xɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ
xɟɞɢɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɝɪɭɡ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪ- ɢ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢ
ɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ
xɟɞɢɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɟɞɢɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬ ɪɢɜɚɟɬ
102
1.ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɭɜɹɡɤɢ
ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɨɝɢ ɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
2.ɍɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ.
3.Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɭɱɢ ɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ;
x ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ
ɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ
1.ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɪɢɮɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ
ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ.
2.Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭɦɟɬɨɞɚɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɫɤɜɨɡɧɨɝɨɮɪɚɯɬɚ ɜ ɋɄȼ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɡɜɟɧɶɹɦɢ ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ.
3.Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɫɥɭɝ;
x ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɗɈȾ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ ɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɥɟɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢ ɫɬɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɨɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɚɡɚ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɩɟɪɟɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨ ɰɟɫɫ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɞɚɧ ɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧ
ɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ;
xɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɟɞɢɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹɧɨɜɵɯɮɨɪɦɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɟɟ ɨɪ ɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ƚɚɪɚɧɬɨɦ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ
ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨ
103
ɜɨɦɭɚɫɩɟɤɬɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣɫɢ ɫɬɟɦɵ
o ɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ
oɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɚ ©ɨɬ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɞɨ ɞɜɟɪɢª ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬ ɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɵɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ
oɟɞɢɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɡɚ
o ɟɞɢɧɚɹ ɫɤɜɨɡɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɮɪɚɯɬɚ
ȼ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɦɟɪɞɠɟɧɬɧɨɦɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɭ ɪɟ ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ ɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ;
xɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɤ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɨɥɢ ɜ ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢ ɫɬɟɦɟ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɱ
ɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ – ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɵ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ;
xɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɉɪɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɯ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤɨɜ ȼ ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɚɦ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɚɦɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɫ ɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɬɚɪɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨ-ɪɚɡɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡ
ɦɨɜ ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪ- ɢ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
o ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ
o ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ o ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɞɺɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ
104
ǶȌȗȌȉȕȎȑȏ ȊȗȚȎȕȉ Ȗȕ ȓȌȍȋȚȔȇȗȕȋȔȢȓ șȗȇȔȘȖȕȗșȔȢȓ ȑȕȗȏȋȕȗȇȓ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɩɨ ȼɧɟɲɧɟɦɭ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɈɈɇ
©Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪ – ɷɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɯ ɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɟɪɟ ɜɨɡɨɤ ª
ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞɤɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɨɜɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɫɹɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥ ɞɨɥɝɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɤ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɵɟ ɫ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɩɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɨɜ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɷɬɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɱɬɨ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ ɜɚɧɢɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɨɜ ɬɚɛɥ .
ǹȇȈȒȏȝȇ
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Ɇɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɨɜ |
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Ɇɟɫɬɨ |
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Ƚɨɞ |
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Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ |
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ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ |
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1978 |
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Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ |
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ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ȿU |
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1982 |
– |
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ (8 ɞɥɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ |
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ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ |
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1991 |
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1-ɹ ɉɚɧɴɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ |
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ɉɪɚɝɚ |
ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ |
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ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ |
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1991 |
Ɇɚɚɫɬɪɢɯ |
ȼɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ©ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɢɝɪɵª |
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©ɗɞɢɧɛɭɪɝɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚª ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ |
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1992 |
ɗɞɢɧɛɭɪɝ |
ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɂɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɜ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ |
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ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɨɜ |
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1992 |
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ɂɡɞɚɧɢɟ ©ɛɟɥɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɢª ɩɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ |
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ɧɚ Ɍɪɚɧɫɴɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɟɬɹɯ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚɦɢ |
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ɨ Ʉɪɢɬ |
2-ɹ ɉɚɧɴɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ |
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ɩɨ ɞɟɜɹɬɢ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚɦ Ɍɪɚɧɫɴɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ |
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Ƚɪɟɰɢɹ |
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ |
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1997 |
ɏɟɥɶɫɢɧɤɢ |
3-ɹ ɉɚɧɴɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ |
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ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɨɜ |
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1998 |
ɋɚɧɤɬ- |
1-ɹ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨ-Ⱥɡɢɚɬɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ |
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ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ |
ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ |
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ɢ Ɂɚɩɚɞɚ |
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105 |
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ǵȑȕȔȞȇȔȏȌ șȇȈȒȏȝȢ |
1999 |
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Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ©ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɫɬɚ |
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Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ |
Ⱥɡɢɹ – ȿɜɪɨɩɚª ɢɥɢ ©ɒɟɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɩɭɬɶª |
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ɋɚɧɤɬ- |
1-ɹ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨ-Ⱥɡɢɚɬɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭ |
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ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ |
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ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ |
ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɭɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ |
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©Ȼɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɫɬª |
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1-ɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɆɋȺɌ ɩɨ ɚɜɬɨɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɦ |
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ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤ |
©ȿɜɪɨɩɚ – Ⱥɡɢɹª |
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Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
xɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɫ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɧ ɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɹ ɡɟɣ
xɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɡɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ
xɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɟ ɝɪɭɡɚ;
xɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɟ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɞɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢ ɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚɦɢ
xɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ – ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
xɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɨɝɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɬɢɤɨ-ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɟ ɜɨɡɤɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɟɜɪɨɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚ (©ɋɟɜɟɪ – ɘɝª ɢ ©Ɍɪɚɧɫɫɢɛª ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɚɧɴɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɵ ʋʋ ɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɵ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɟɜɟɪɨɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɢɧɰɢɢ Ʉɢɬɚɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɪɬɵ ɉɪɢɦɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɫ ɩɨɪɬɚɦɢ ɫɬɪɚɧ Ⱥɡɢɚɬɫɤɨ-ɬɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ
xɤɨɪɢɞɨɪ ©ɋɟɜɟɪ – ɘɝª ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɢ ɋɤɚɧɞɢɧɚɜɢɢ – ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ – Ʉɚɫɩɢɣ ɫɤɨɟ ɦɨɪɟ – ɂɪɚɧ – ɂɧɞɢɹ ɉɚɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɢ ɞɪ – NS;
xɤɨɪɢɞɨɪ ©Ɍɪɚɧɫɫɢɛª ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ – ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ – Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤ – ɏɚɛɚɪɨɜɫɤ – ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ ɇɚɯɨɞɤɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɜ ɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ Ʉɢɟɜ ɇɨɜɨɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ Ɇɨɧɝɨ
ɥɢɸ Ʉɢɬɚɣ ɢ Ʉɨɪɟɸ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫɨ ɩɪɹɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚɦɢ ʋʋ ɢ – TS;
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xɤɨɪɢɞɨɪ ©ɋɟɜɟɪɧɵɣ ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɭɬɶª Ɇɭɪɦɚɧɫɤ – Ⱥɪɯɚɧɝɟɥɶɫɤ – Ʉɚɧ ɞɚɥɚɤɲɚ – Ⱦɭɞɢɧɤɚ – 603
xɤɨɪɢɞɨɪ©ɉɪɢɦɨɪɶɟ-1ª ɏɚɪɛɢɧ– Ƚɪɨɞɟɤɨɜɨ– ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ ɇɚɯɨɞɤɚ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ – ɩɨɪɬɵ ȺɌɊ – 35
xɤɨɪɢɞɨɪ ©ɉɪɢɦɨɪɶɟ-2ª ɏɭɧɶɱɭɧɶ – Ʉɪɚɫɤɢɧɨ – ɉɨɫɶɟɬ Ɂɚɪɭɛɢɧɨ – ɩɨɪɬɵ ȺɌɊ – 35
xɩɚɧɴɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪ ʋ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɫ Ʌɚɬɜɢɟɣ ɨɬ Ɋɢɝɢ – Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧ ɝɪɚɞ – ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɫ ɉɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɧɚ Ƚɞɚɧɶɫɤ – 3(
xɩɚɧɴɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪ ʋ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɫ Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɢɟɣɨɬ Ɇɢɧɫɤɚ – ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤ – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ – ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚ ɟɦɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨ ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝɚ – Ɋȿ
xɩɚɧɴɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪ ʋ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɫ Ɏɢɧɥɹɧɞɢɟɣɨɬ ɏɟɥɶɫɢɧɤɢ – ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ – ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɫ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɨɣɧɚ Ʉɢɟɜ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ – ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɫ Ȼɟɥɨ ɪɭɫɫɢɟɣ ɧɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɫ Ʌɢɬɜɨɣ ɨɬ ȼɢɥɶɧɸɫɚ – Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧ ɝɪɚɞ – 3(
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɨɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠ ɧɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɵ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟ ɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚ ɜɢɞ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞ ɤɨɜɵɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚ ɀɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠ ɧɵɟ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɵ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɛɭɤɜɨɣ ©5ª ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ – ɛɭɤɜɨɣ ©$ª ɜɨɞɧɵɟ – ɛɭɤɜɨɣ ©Wª.
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ǪȒȇȉȇ 9 ǴǵǷdzǧǹǯǩǴǵǬ ǷǬǪǺDzǯǷǵǩǧǴǯǬ ǶǬǷǬǩǵǮǵDZ ǪǷǺǮǵǩ ǷǧǮDzǯǾǴȂdzǯ ǩǯǫǧdzǯ ǹǷǧǴǸǶǵǷǹǧ
9 ǸȕȋȌȗȍȇȔȏȌ ȚȘșȇȉȕȉ ȏ ȑȕȋȌȑȘȕȉ Ȗȕ ȉȏȋȇȓ șȗȇȔȘȖȕȗșȇ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫ ɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ ɬɚɬɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɨ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɹɬɢɹ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɬɪɚɧɫ ɩɨɪɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɛɪɚɥɨ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɫɟ ɨɫ ɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɋɋɊ
Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɜ ɊɎ ɩɪɢɫɭɳ ɪɹɞ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ 1. Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ
ɧɵɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɦ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɇɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɜɵ ɢ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟ ɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ
2. ȼ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɪɭɝɨɦ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭɪɵɷɬɨ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɣ ɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦ ɢ ɬ ɞ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ɍɚɤ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɟɳɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɛ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭɪɨɣ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭ ɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɢ ɤ ɬɪɚɧɫ ɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ ɩ
3. ȼ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɦ ɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ
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ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɧɨɪɦɚ – ɥɚɬ MXV FRJHQV – ɧɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɞɢɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɬɶɟɣ ȼɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɝ ɷɬɨ ɧɨɪɦɚ ©ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɪɦɚ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɨɪɦɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɨɫɹɳɟɣ ɬɚ ɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪª.
ɇɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɟɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹ ɝ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɫɩɟɰɢ ɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɭ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ©ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢɞɚɜ ɟɣ ɫɢɥɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɜ ɜ ɫɜɨɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚ ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭª Ʉɨɞɟɤɫ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɟɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɯ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɥ ɜɫɟ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɨɫɚ ɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɵ – ɫɬ ɄɌɆ
ɇɨɪɦɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɣ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨ ɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɸ
ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ
xɤɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟ
ɧɢɹ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ;
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɜɵ ɢ ɤɨ ɞɟɤɫɵ
xɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɬ ɤɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɚɤɬɚɦ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɤɨɧ ɤɪɟɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɉɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ – ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɪɚɧɫ ɩɨɪɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɬ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɜɚɯ ɢ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚɯ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɜɵ ɢ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɵ
ɍɫɬɚɜ – ɫɜɨɞ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
109
Ʉɨɞɟɤɫ ɥɚɬ FRGH[ – ɤɧɢɝɚ – ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɤɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɫɥɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ
ȼ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɍɫɬɚɜ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɹ ɬɵɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ʋ ɎɁ ɨɬ ɝ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɫɬɚɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢ ɤɚɦɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚɦɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹɦɢɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚɦɢ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚɦɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɧɟɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨ ɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɭ ɝɚɦɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɥɟɟ – ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨ ɪɨɠɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɢ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɍɫɬɚɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟ ɜɨɡɨɤ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɛɚɝɚɠɚ ɝɪɭɡɨɛɚɝɚɠɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɩɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ ɧɢɸ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɚɦɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɜɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɝɪɭɡɨɛɚ ɝɚɠɚ ɩɨɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɢ ɜɵɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɨɛ ɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɤ ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɹɦ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɍɫɬɚɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ ɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ʋ ɎɁ ɨɬ ɝ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɫɬɚɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɦɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɨɦɢɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɦɧɚɡɟɦɧɵɦɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪ ɬɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɍɫɬɚɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ ɢ ɛɚɝɚɠɚ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɛɭɫɚɦɢ ɬɪɚɦɜɚɹɦɢ ɬɪɨɥɥɟɣɛɭɫɚɦɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢ ɥɹɦɢ ɝɪɭɡɨɜɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɰɟɩɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɢɰɟɩɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟ ɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚɦ ɮɪɚɯɬɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɝɪɭɡɨɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɝɪɭɡɨɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɹɦ
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɱɢɤɚɦ ɮɪɚɯɬɨɜɳɢɤɚɦ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɉɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɜ ɢ ɛɚɝɚɠɚ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞ ɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚɦɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ
Ʉɨɞɟɤɫ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɟɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ʋ ɎɁ ɨɬ ɝ
Ʉɨɞɟɤɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɪɟɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɨɞ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɦ ɦɨɪɟɩɥɚɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɢɫ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ
110