Клинические формы воспаления. Учебно-методическое пособие

ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɟɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚɁɚɳɢɬɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɷɬɨɣɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɥɨɲɚɞɢ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ

ɬɪɢ ɤɥɢɧɢɤɨ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫ ɢ ɹɡɜɚ Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɚɦɨɢɡɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ

ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɥɨɲɚɞɢ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɱɬɨ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɢɳɚ ȿɫɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɨ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɚɛɫɰɟɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɤɪɨɜɹɧɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɩɫɢɫ Ɉɬ ɫɟɩɫɢɫɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɝɢɛɚɟɬ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɥɨɲɚɞɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɟɣ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ

ɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɡ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ

ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɦɦɭɧɢɬɟɬ ɥɨɲɚɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɵ

ɜɫɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɜɦɭ ɭ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ

ɪɨɝɚɬɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɬɚ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ

ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɤɥɢɧɢɤɨ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɢɛɪɢɧɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɟɤɚ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚ Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ

71

ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɤɥɢɧɢɤɨ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɮɢɛɪɢɧɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɉɪɢɩɭɯɥɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹ ɢɧɤɚɩɫɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɇɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɸ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ

Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɤɥɢɧɢɤɨ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɨɛɨɫɬɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ ɚɛɫɰɟɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɬɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɇɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɢ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ȿɫɥɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɭɸ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ

ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɤɥɢɧɢɤɨ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɪɨɡɨɦ ɢɡɴɹɡɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɢɡɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɷɤɫɫɭɞɚɬɚ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɸɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɬ ɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ Ɂɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ

ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɹɡɜɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜ

ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ

ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɝɚɬɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɬɚ ɢ ɥɨɲɚɞɟɣ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɹɡɜɵ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɭɛɰɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɭ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɝɚɬɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɬɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɚɹ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɚɹ ɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɚɹ

72

ɉɪɢ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɧɤɚɩɫɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɟɡɜɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɝɧɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɣɹ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɩɪɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɴɹɡɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ

ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɝɚɬɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɬɚ ɞɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɬɢɩ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ

ɑɟɬɵɪɟɯɫɬɚɞɢɣɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɡɤɢɦ ɨɛɨɫɬɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ Ɉɫɬɪɨɬɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɤɚɩɫɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɭ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɝɚɬɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɬɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɟɣ ɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɚɹɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹ ɢɧɤɚɩɫɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ Ɉɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɭɥɶɫ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɡ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɢɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɧɤɚɩɫɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɟɡɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚɞɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɡɚ ɢ

ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ

ɧɚɞɨ ɨɛɟɪɟɝɚɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɨɫɥɚɛɢɬɶ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɸ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɪɚɡɨɜɶɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɩɫɢɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɢɟɦɢɢ Ⱦɚɠɟ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɵ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɤɨɥɚ ɢɝɥɨɣ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ

73

ɨɛɨɫɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɗɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɵ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɤ ɦɚɥɟɣɲɟɦɭ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ

Ƚɧɢɥɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɦ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɟ ɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɍ ɥɨɲɚɞɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɵ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨ ɫɥɚɛɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɦɚɪɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɜɚɥɨɦ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɤɪɨɡ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɷɤɫɫɭɞɚɬɚ Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɱɟɦ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ

ɍ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɝɚɬɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɬɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹ ɢɧɤɚɩɫɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɦɟɪɬɜɟɧɢɟ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɪɵɯɥɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɱɚɬɤɟ ɮɚɫɰɢɹɦ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɉɪɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɟɤɜɟɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɪɬɜɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢɡɴɹɡɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɬɨɪɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɑɚɳɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɴɹɡɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɹɡɜɚ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɟ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɬɬɨɪɝɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɢɳɢ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɳɟɣ ɢ ɢɫɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɪɬɜɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɉɪɢ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɨɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɟ ɫɟɤɜɟɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɪɬɜɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ©ɩɨɥɡɟɬª ɩɨ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɝɢɛɚɟɬ ɨɬ ɫɟɩɫɢɫɚ

ɍ ɫɜɢɧɟɣ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɢɡɴɹɡɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɹɡɜɚɦɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɠɢɞɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɫɭɞɚɬɚ ɝɧɨɣɧɚɹ ɫɵɜɨɪɨɬɤɚ Ɏɢɛɪɢɧ ɢ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɷɤɫɫɭɞɚɬɚ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɜɨɪɨɠɢɫɬɨɣ ɬ ɟ ɤɚɡɟɨɡɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɉɪɢ ɦɟɠɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɯ ɮɥɟɝɦɨɧɚɯ ɷɬɢ ɤɚɡɟɨɡɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɦɟɠɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɫɧɚɪɭɠɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɹɡɜɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɧɨɣɧɵɯ ɫɜɢɳɟɣ Ɉɞɧɢ ɫɜɢɳɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ

74

ɉɪɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɢɳɟɣ ɨɛɨɫɬɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɧɨɫɢɬɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɫɟɩɬɢɤɨ ɩɢɟɦɢɢȼɷɬɨɣɫɜɹɡɢɭɫɜɢɧɟɣ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɵ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɱɢɳɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɚɡɟɨɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɰɢɞɢɜɨɜ

ɉɪɢ ɝɧɢɥɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɭ ɫɜɢɧɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɥɡɭɱɢɣ ɧɟɤɪɨɡ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɫ ɝɧɢɥɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɨɦ Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɵɯɥɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɱɚɬɤɟ ɩɨɞ ɠɢɪɨɜɵɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɡɤɢɯ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɧɚɪɭɠɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɹɡɜɵ ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɧɢɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɫɭɞɚɬɚ ȼ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɭɡɤɢɟ ɯɨɞɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɬɜɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɫ ɝɧɢɥɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɨɦ Ʌɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢɫɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɪɬɜɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ

75

ɂɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ

ɂɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɞɲɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɨɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɵɡɜɚɜɲɟɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ

ɂɫɯɨɞɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦɢ ɉɪɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɵɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɉɪɢ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɚɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ

Ȼɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɣ ɢɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɤ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ UHVWLWXWLRDGLQWHJUXPɌɚɤɨɣɢɫɯɨɞɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɧɚ ɰɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɝɢɫɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɤɚɧɢ

ɉɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɦ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɭɛɰɚ ɗɬɨ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɨɦ ɤ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɚɦ

x Ⱦɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɨɪɝɚɧɚɢɥɢɬɤɚɧɢɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɪɭɛɰɚɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɫɭɯɨɠɢɥɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɝɢɛɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɜ ɭ ɥɨɲɚɞɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɞɪɵɜɟ

x ɋɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɩɚɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɩɚɣɤɚ ɲɟɣɤɢ ɦɚɬɤɢ ɫ ɦɨɱɟɜɵɦ ɩɭɡɵɪɟɦ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɬɤɚɧɹɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɬɚ ɫ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɭɡɵɪɹ ɢɡ ɡɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ

76

x Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɪɭɛɰɨɜɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɭɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɢ ɫɭɯɨɠɢɥɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ

ɇɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ

Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɣɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

x ɂɡɥɢɬɢɟ ɷɤɫɫɭɞɚɬɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɦɩɢɷɦɵ ɩɟɪɢɬɨɧɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɛɨɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɝɧɨɣɧɵɣ ɩɥɟɜɪɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɞɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ ɥɺɝɤɨɝɨ

x Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɟɩɫɢɫɚ ɩɪɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ x ɇɟɤɪɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɝɧɨɣɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɝɧɢɥɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ

ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɫ ɪɢɫɤɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ

x ɂɧɤɚɩɫɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɥɨɝɨɝɟɧɚ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɟɦɥɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ

x Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɢɳɟɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɭɛɰɨɜɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɮɥɨɝɨɝɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ

x ɋɤɥɟɪɨɡ ɢɥɢ ɰɢɪɪɨɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ

Ƚɢɛɟɥɶ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ

x ɧɟɤɪɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɝɧɢɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɧɨɣɧɚɹ ɩɨɱɤɚ

x ɩɨɥɢɨɪɝɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɷɧɞɨɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɡɚ

x ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɩɚɪɟɡ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɢɬɨɧɢɬɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɝɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɨɞɟɧɢɟ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɨɬɺɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɧɨɫɨɜɵɯ ɯɨɞɨɜ

77

Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ

ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɢ ɫɚɧɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ

əɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɩɨ ɫɭɬɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɚɧɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɤ ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɬɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɜɪɚɱɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɛɨɪɶɛɚ ɫ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ

78

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ

Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ ± Ɇ ɈɈɈ ©ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ȺɋɌª

ɈɈɈ © ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ⱥɫɬɪɟɥɶª ± ɫ

Ƚɚɥɚɧɤɢɧ ȼ ɇ Ɍɨɤɦɚɤɨɜ Ⱥ Ɇ ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɤɥɢɧɢɤɢ Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ± Ɇ ɂɡɞ ɜɨ ɍȾɇ ± ɫ ɢɥȽɭɫɟɜ ȿ ɘ ɑɟɪɟɲɧɟɜ ȼ Ⱥ ɘɪɱɟɧɤɨ Ʌ ɇ ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ

ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɐɢɬɨɤɢɧɵ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ± ± Ɍ ʋ ± ɋȼɨɣɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ Ⱥɬɥɚɫ ɩɨ ɩɚɬɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ȼ Ⱥ ȼɨɣɧɨɜ

± ɟ ɢɡɞ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɢ ɞɨɩ ± Ɇ ɆɂȺ ± ɫȼɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɚɱɟɣ ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ ȼ ȼ ɋɟɪɨɜɚ ȼ ɋ ɉɚɭɤɨɜɚ ± Ɇ Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ ± ɫ ɢɥ

ɀɚɪɨɜ Ⱥ ȼ ɒɢɲɤɨɜ ȼ ɉ ɀɚɤɨɜ Ɇ ɋ ɢ ɞɪ ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ ȼ ɉ ɒɢɲɤɨɜɚ Ⱥ ȼ ɀɚɪɨɜɚ ɉɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ± ɟ ɢɡɞ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɢ ɞɨɩ ± Ɇ Ʉɨɥɨɫɋ ± ɫ ɢɥɄɨɤɭɪɢɱɟɜ ɉ ɂ Ⱦɨɦɧɢɧ Ȼ Ƚ Ʉɨɤɭɪɢɱɟɜɚ Ɇ ɉ ɉɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ

ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ Ⱥɥɶɛɨɦ ɋɚɧɤɬ ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ ȺɝɪɨɩɪɨɦɢɡɞɚɬɅɟɛɟɞɟɜ Ⱥ ȼ Ʌɭɤɴɹɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȼ Ⱥ ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜ Ȼ ɋ ɢ ɞɪ Ɉɛɳɚɹ

ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɹ ± Ɇ Ʉɨɥɨɫ ± ɫ ɢɥ ± ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɭɱɟɛ

ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɲ ɭɱɟɛ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɅɢɬɜɢɰɤɢɣ ɉ Ɏ Ʌɨɫɟɜ ɇ ɂ ȼɨɣɧɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ ɢ ɞɪ ɉɚɬɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ Ʉɭɪɫ

ɥɟɤɰɢɣ ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ± Ɇ Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɚ ± ɫ ɢɥɅɸɬɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɋ ɂ ɉɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ± Ɇ Ʉɨɥɨɫɋ ± ɫ ɢɥ ± ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɭɱɟɛ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɲ ɭɱɟɛ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣɆɚɫɬɵɤɨ Ƚ ɋ Ⱥɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɭ

ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ Ɇɧ ɍɪɚɞɠɚɣ ɫ ɢɥ

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ɉɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɜ ɬ ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ ȼ Ⱥ ɑɟɪɟɲɧɟɜɚ ɢ ȼ ȼ Ⱦɚɜɵɞɨɜɚ ± Ɇ ȽɗɈɌȺɊ Ɇɟɞɢɚ Ɍ ± ɫ Ɍ ± ɫɉɥɚɯɨɬɢɧ Ɇ ȼ Ƚɨɥɢɤɨɜ Ⱥ ɇ ɒɢɬɨɜ ɋ Ɍ ɢ ɞɪ Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɹ Ɇ Ʉɨɥɨɫ ± ɫ

Ɋɭɛɰɨɜɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ ȼ ɉɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ Ⱥ ȼ Ɋɭɛɰɨɜɟɧɤɨ ± Ɇ ɆȿȾɩɪɟɫɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦ ± ɫɏɚɪɤɟɜɢɱ Ⱦ Ⱥ Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɟ ɢɡɞ ɉɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɢ ɞɨɩ ɂ ɢɫɩɪ Ɇ ȽɗɈɌȺɊ ± Ɇɟɞɢɚ ɝ ɫɑɟɪɧɭɯ Ⱥ Ɇ ȼɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ Ɉɱɟɪɤɢ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ Ɇ ©Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɚª ɫ ɢɥ

Ɏɪɨɥɨɜ ȼ Ⱥ Ⱦɪɨɡɞɨɜɚ Ƚ Ⱥ Ʉɚɡɚɧɫɤɚɹ Ɍ Ⱥ Ȼɢɥɢɛɢɧ Ⱦ ɉ Ⱦɟɦɭɪɨɜ ȿ Ⱥ ɉɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ Ɇ ɈȺɈ ©ɂɡɞ ɜɨª ©ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚª ± ɫ

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