Клинические формы воспаления. Учебно-методическое пособие

ɦɨɠɟɬɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɨɬɪɚɜɦɟɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ

ɍɦɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɚɱɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɭ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɨɬɺɤɨɜ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɬɨɜ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɡɚ Ⱥ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɞɨɡɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ

Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɬɟɤɨɜ

x Ɍɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɬɟɤ ± ɜɵɯɨɞ ɬɪɚɧɫɫɭɞɚɬɚ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɪɚɜɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ȻȺȼ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ± ɦɢɧɭɬ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɬɭɸ ɩɪɨɯɥɚɞɧɭɸ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɚɬɭɸ ɩɪɢɩɭɯɥɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɭɸ

x ȼɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɟɤ ± ɷɤɫɫɭɞɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɟɪɨɡɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɤɚɧɟɣɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚȽɨɪɹɱɢɣɧɚɨɳɭɩɶ ɭɩɪɭɝɢɣɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɵɣɦɨɠɟɬɨɳɭɳɚɬɶɫɹɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɹɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ

x ɇɟɜɪɨɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɬɟɤ ± ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɫɭɞɚɬɚ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɜɨɥɨɜ ɩɚɪɚɥɢɱɚɯ ɏɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɢ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɚɬɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɳɭɩɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɟɪɜɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ

x ɏɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɡɚɫɬɨɣɧɵɣ ɨɬɺɤ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɹɯ ± ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɫɭɞɚɬɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɚɫɬɨɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɧɚɯ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɨɫɦɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɧɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ

41

ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɚɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɉɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɬɟɥɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɝɪɭɞɨɤ ɠɢɜɨɬ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɨɳɭɩɶ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ

Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɨɜ

ȼɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬ ± ɷɬɨ ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɟɤɚ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ȼɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɵ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɤɭɫɚ

ɋɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɹɞɟɪɧɵɣ ± ɜ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɹɞɟɪɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɮɢɥɵ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɂɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɵɣɩɪɢɩɚɥɶɩɚɰɢɢɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɛɵɫɬɪɨɱɚɫɬɨɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ

Ʌɢɦɮɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɵɣ ± ɜ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɥɢɦɮɨɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɱɚɳɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɭ ɄɊɋ ɢ ɫɜɢɧɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɫɬɪɨɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɂɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɣ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɥɶɩɚɰɢɢ

ɗɨɡɢɧɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɣ ± ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɟ ɷɨɡɢɧɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɚɥɥɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɝɢɩɟɪɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɉɥɨɬɧɵɣ ɱɚɳɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɡɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɹɞɟɪɧɵɦ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɨɦ

Ƚɢɫɬɢɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɵɣ ± ɷɬɨɬ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɪɚɫɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ

42

ɢɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɲɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɪɚɫɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɦɩɥɚɧɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɥɚɧɬɚɬɨɜ ȼ ɛɢɨɩɬɚɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɡɤɟ ɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɤɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɢɫɬɢɨɰɢɬɵ ɦɚɤɪɨɮɚɝɢ ɦɨɧɨɰɢɬɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɛɥɚɫɬɵ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɢɫɬɢɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɠɟ ɜɚɡɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ȼɟɡɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɝɢɩɟɪɟɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ

ȼɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɭɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɬɨɦ

ȼɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɬ ±ɷɬɨɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɢɛɪɨɛɥɚɫɬɨɜ ɝɢɫɬɢɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ Ɋɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɮɚɡɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɚ ɤ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɮɥɨɝɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢɧɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɢɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɉɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɜɢɳɟɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɭɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɚɤɬɢɧɨɦɢɤɨɦɵ

ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɬɨɜ

x ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪ

x ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɢɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɤɭɫɤɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɤɚɩɪɨɧɨɜɵɟ ɲɜɵ x ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɪɢɛɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ

ɛɨɬɪɢɨɦɢɤɨɡ ɚɤɬɢɧɨɦ ɤɨɡ

x ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɟɤɪɨɡɵ ɢ ɧɚɝɧɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɟɥɶɦɢɧɬɨɜ ɨɧɯɨɰɟɪɤɢ

x ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɦɮɨ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɹɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ

43

Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ

ȼɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɧɨ ɢ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ

Ɉ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ

ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɠɟ ɥɟɣɤɨɩɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɢɪɭɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ʌɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɡ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɥɟɣɤɨɩɨɷɡɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɨɦ ɪɭɫɥɟ Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɨɚɞɪɟɧɚɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɂɅ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɧɨɰɢɬɨɩɨɷɡɚ ɢ ɞɪ Ⱦɥɹ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɡ ɫɨ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɦ ɜɥɟɜɨ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɧɨɰɢɬɨɡ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɵɣ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɡ ɢ ɥɢɦɮɨɰɢɬɨɡ

Ʌɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɪɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɥɢɩɨɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɂɅ ɢ ɞɪ

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɟɱɟɧɶɸ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ȻɈɎ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɋ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɛɟɥɨɤ ɰɟɪɭɥɨɩɥɚɡɦɢɧ ɝɚɩɬɨɝɥɨɛɢɧ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɞɪ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɥɶɮɚ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɝɚɦɦɚ ɝɥɨɛɭɥɢɧɨɜ

44

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɚɦɢɧɚɡ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɚɥɚɧɢɧɬɪɚɧɫɚɦɢɧɚɡɵ ɩɪɢ ɝɟɩɚɬɢɬɟ ɚɫɩɚɪɬɚɬɬɪɚɧɫɚɦɢɧɚɡɵ ɩɪɢ ɦɢɨɤɚɪɞɢɬɟ ɝɢɚɥɭɪɨɧɢɞɚɡɵ ɬɪɨɦɛɨɤɢɧɚɡɵ ɢ ɬ ɞ

ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɟɞɚɧɢɹ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ (ɋɈɗ)ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɡɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɡɚɪɹɞɚɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɬɟɯɨɥɚɦɢɧɨɜ ɤɨɪɬɢɤɨɫɬɟɪɨɢɞɨɜ

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢ ɚɥɥɟɪɝɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹɜɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɢɬɢɬɪɚɚɧɬɢɬɟɥɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢɫɟɧɫɢɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɦɮɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɚɥɥɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɮɥɨɝɨɝɟɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɜɯɨɞɟɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɢ ɝɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɦɭɧɢɬɟɬɚ ȼɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ

ɍɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ ɤɚɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɧɨɤɢɧɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɟ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɝɥɨɛɭɥɢɧɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɡɨɬɚ KWWS YPHGH RUJ VDLW "SDJH LG 3DWRIL]LRORJLMDBQRYLFNLMB JROGEHUJ PHQX 3DWRIL]LRORJLMDBQRYLFNLMBJROGEHUJ

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɨɱɚɝ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɨɤɚɪɞɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɯɨɥɟɰɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɚɪɢɬɦɢɣ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɩɪɢ ɚɩɩɟɧɞɢɰɢɬɟ ɢɧɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɫɟɩɫɢɫɚ

45

Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ±ɬɢɩɨɜɨɣɦɭɥɶɬɢɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɧɵɣɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɦ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɬɨɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɹ ɩɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ± ɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɋɟɪɟɛɪɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɋ ɇ ɋɟɦɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɂ ɀ

ɋɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ± ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫ ɬɚɯɢɤɚɪɞɢɟɣ ɭɱɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɢɦɨɪɮɧɨɹɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɉəɇ

ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɚɹ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɚɹ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɚɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɞɢɫɫɟɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ ɞɢɫɬɪɟɫɫ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɷɧɞɨɤɪɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ

ȼɟɞɭɳɢɦ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɢɦ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɩɨɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞ Ʌɉɋ ɢɥɢ ɷɧɞɨɬɨɤɫɢɧ± ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɝɪɚɦ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɑɟɪɟɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɧɚ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɷɧɞɨɬɨɤɫɢɧ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɬɨɤɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɟɟ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɝɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɋɟɪɟɛɪɟɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɋ ɇ ɋɟɦɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɂ ɀ

ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ƚɭɫɟɜɚ ȿ ɘ ɢ ɞɪ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɚɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ

46

ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɜɫɟɛɹɞɜɟɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɨɫɬɪɨɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ

ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ.

Ɉɫɬɪɨɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɩɫɢɫɚ ɩɨɥɢɬɪɚɜɦɵ ɢ ɞɪ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɢ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ

ɏɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɞɥɹɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɫɥɚɛɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɧɟɜɨɟ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ

Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ

ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ

x Ƚɧɨɣɧɨ ɪɟɡɨɪɛɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɚ x Ɋɟɡɨɪɛɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɚ x ɋɟɩɫɢɫ

x ȼɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɧɟɜɨɟ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɟ

ɗɧɞɨɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɡ

ȼɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɬ ɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɚɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɧɞɨɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɡɨɦ

ɗɧɞɨɬɨɤɫɢɤɨғɡ HQGRWR[LFRVHV ɝɪɟɱ HQGǀ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ WR[LNRQ ɹɞ ǀVLV ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ

ɗɧɞɨɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɡ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɬɚɦ ɝɞɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ

47

Ɏɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɞɨɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɡɚ x ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ

x ɬɪɚɜɦɚ ɫ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɦɢ ɨɱɚɝɚɦɢ ɧɟɤɪɨɡɚ

x ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ

x ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɟɱɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɚɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ

x ɷɧɞɨɤɪɢɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɪɟɨɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɡ ɩɚɧɤɪɟɚɬɢɬ ɫɚɯɚɪɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɛɟɬ ɢ ɞɪ

Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɷɧɞɨɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɢ

x Ɋɟɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ± ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɚ ± ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ

x Ɉɛɦɟɧɧɚɹ ± ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɚ ± ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ

x Ɋɟɡɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ± ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢɡ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɧɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɉɪɢɱɢɧɚ ± ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɤɨɩɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɬɨɤɫɢɧɵ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɭɬɹɦɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ ɢɧɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɲɟɦɢɢ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ

x ɂɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ (ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɚɹ) ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɹɯ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɬɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɬɨɥɢɡɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɚɧɬɢɝɟɧ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɥɨ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ

48

Ƚɧɨɣɧɨ-ɪɟɡɨɪɛɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɚ

Ƚɧɨɣɧɨ ɪɟɡɨɪɛɬɢɜɧɚɹɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɪɟɡɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɧ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɯ ɝɧɨɣɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɟɣ ɝɧɢɥɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɨɱɚɝɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɬɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɛɨɜ

ȼɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɢɡ ɡɨɧɵ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɩɩɟɬɢɬɚ ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɷɧɞɨɤɪɢɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ

ɉɪɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɟɺ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ

ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɪɟɡɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɷɧɞɨɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɡ ɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɢɧɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɨɪɝɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ

ɉɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɧɨɣɧɨ ɪɟɡɨɪɛɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɦɨɝɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɬɟɥɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ Ɍɹɠɟɥɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɝɧɨɣɧɨ ɪɟɡɨɪɛɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɯɨɠɚ ɩɨ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɧɚ ɫɟɩɫɢɫ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɧɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɨɫɬɪɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɝɧɨɣɧɨ ɪɟɡɨɪɛɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɟɩɫɢɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɜ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ

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Ɋɟɡɨɪɛɬɢɜɧɨ-ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɚ

Ɋɟɡɨɪɛɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɪɚɜɦɚɯ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɯ ɝɢɫɬɨɥɢɡɚ

ɍɫɭɝɭɛɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɤɨɥɥɚɩɫ ɢɲɟɦɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɨɬɺɤ ɩɚɪɟɧɯɢɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɱɟɤ

ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɪɟɡɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɷɧɞɨɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɡɚ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɢ ɭɯɭɞɲɢɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɝɟɩɚɬɨ ɢ ɧɟɮɪɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ

ɞɢɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɡɤɢɦ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɯ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɬɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ

ɗɬɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ.ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɟɩɫɢɫɚ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɉɪɢ ɫɟɩɫɢɫɟ ɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɝɟɦɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɣ ɧɟɝɟɦɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɟɩɬɨɤɨɤɤɢ ɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɵɣ ɢ

50