Клинические формы воспаления. Учебно-методическое пособие

Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɡɵ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ – ɮɚɡɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ (ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɹ)

ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɝɢɩɟɪɟɦɢɢ ɷɤɫFɭɞɚɰɢɢ ɚɰɢɞɨɡɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ

ȼɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢɋɬɚɞɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɺɤɚɋɬɚɞɢɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ

ɋɬɚɞɢɹ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɚɛɫɰɟɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɝɧɨɣɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ

Ɏɚɡɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɝɢɩɟɪɟɦɢɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɟɤɚ ɢ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɟɤɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɫɬɚɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɪɨɦɛɨɡɨɜ ɚɧɨɤɫɢɸ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɧɟɤɪɨɡ ɢɯ

ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɨɦɟɪɬɜɟɜɲɢɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɬɨɤɫɢɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɮɚɝɨɰɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɬɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɨɬ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɨ ɝɢɫɬɢɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɦɚɪɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɸɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɝɧɨɣɧɢɤɚ

ɉɟɪɜɚɹɮɚɡɚɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬɧɚɮɨɧɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢɬɤɚɧɟɣɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɦ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɦ ɝɧɢɥɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ

ɑɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɚ ɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɬɟɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɞɢɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɗɬɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɪɨɜɨ ɢ ɥɢɦɮɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɫɭɞɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɮɚɝɨɰɢɬɨɡɨɦ ɝɢɫɬɨɥɢɡɨɦ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ

ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɸ ɢɧɮɟɤɬɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ

31

ɜɪɟɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ

ɉɪɢɝɢɩɟɪɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢɜɵɲɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɨɛɨɫɬɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɬɪɨɮɢɤɭ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɚɝɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɤɪɨɡɚɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ

ɉɪɢ ɚɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɬɪɨɮɢɤɢ ɤɪɨɜɨ ɢ ɥɢɦɮɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɰɢɞɨɡɚ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɝɢɫɬɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɞ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɗɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɤɨɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ

ȼɢɞɨɜɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ

ɍɥɨɲɚɞɟɣ ɢ ɫɨɛɚɤ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɟɪɨɡɧɚɹ ɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɪɨɡɧɨ ɝɧɨɣɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɫɭɞɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɬɟɨɥɢɡɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ

ɍɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɝɚɬɨɝɨ ɫɤɨɬɚ, ɨɜɟɰ ɢ ɫɜɢɧɟɣ ɱɚɳɟɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɫɟɪɨɡɧɨ ɮɢɛɪɢɧɨɡɧɚɹ ɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɮɢɛɪɢɧɨɡɧɨ ɝɧɨɣɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɫɭɞɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɬɟɨɥɢɡɨɦ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɱɚɝɟ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɭ ɷɬɢɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɝɧɨɣɧɨ ɞɟɦɚɪɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɟɤɜɟɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɝɧɨɣɧɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɟ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɨɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɢ ɢɧɤɚɩɫɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ

32

ɍ ɝɪɵɡɭɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɬɢɰ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɮɢɛɪɢɧɨɡɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɫɭɞɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɝɭɫɬɤɨɜ ɮɢɛɪɢɧɚ ɜ ɮɢɛɪɢɧɨ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɩ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɟɤɜɟɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɞɟɦɚɪɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɫɟɤɜɟɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ KWWS ]KLYRWQRYRGVWYR QHW UX REVFKD\D KLUXUJL\D UHDNFL\D RUJDQL]PD QD WUDYPX YRVSDOHQLH KWPO

ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ – ɮɚɡɚ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ

ɇɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɨɱɚɝɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɧɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɞɭɬ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ

Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢɋɬɚɞɢɹ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɲɟɝɨ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɝɧɨɣɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢɋɬɚɞɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ

ɋɬɚɞɢɹ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɭɛɰɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ

ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɝɢɛɲɢɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ȼɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɡɚɬɢɯɚɟɬ ɝɢɩɟɪɟɦɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɧɨ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɪɭɛɰɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɬɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɱɚɝɚ

ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɫɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɱɚɝɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɢ ɢɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɮɨɧɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ

33

ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɢɨ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ

ɉɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɨɮɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɨɜɨ ɢ ɥɢɦɮɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɞɨɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɰɢɞɨɡ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɮɚɝɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ȼ ɨɱɚɝɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɢɫɬɢɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɬɤɚɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɬɵ KWWS ]KLYRWQRYRGVWYR QHW UX REVFKD\D KLUXUJL\D UHDNFL\D RUJDQL]PD QD WUDYPX YRVSDOHQLH KWPO

ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɡ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

ɉɪɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɦ ɧɨɪɦɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɮɚɡɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɵ

ɉɪɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɦ ɝɢɩɟɪɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɬɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɪɢɫɤɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɪɟɚɤɰɢɢɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ

ɉɪɢɝɢɩɨɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɡɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɨɤɫɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɥɢɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɫɭɩɪɟɫɢɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɚ ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɱɬɨ ɰɟɥɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ

ɉɪɢɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɪɢɫɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɟɨɩɥɚɡɢɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ

34

Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɚɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ x ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɟɤ ±ɞɨ ɫɭɬɨɤɞɨ ɧɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ

ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɬɟɤ ± ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟ

ɉɪɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɝɧɨɣɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɦ ɟɳɟ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ x ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɚɛɫɰɟɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ 3-5 ɞɟɧɶ

BBBBBBBBBBɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɮɚɡɭ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢBBBBBBBBBBBB x ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɲɟɝɨ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ 5-7 ɞɟɧɶ

ȼ ɮɚɡɟ ɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ

35

Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɬɪɨɝɧɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

ɇɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ ɏ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɢ < ± ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɧɬɚɞɵ

Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ

ȼɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɟɤ ± ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɟɤɚ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɨɩɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɫɭɞɚɬɨɦ ɢ ɷɤɫɫɭɞɚɬɨɦ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɇɚɞɚɜɢɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɞɚɜɢɬɶ ɹɦɤɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ

ȼ ɷɬɭ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɠɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɞɨɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɢɧɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɦɢɢɢɦɦɭɧɧɨɬɟɥɚɦɢɷɤɫɫɭɞɚɬɚɌɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɢ ɝɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɟɡɤɢɯ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɬɪɨɮɢɤɢ ɤɪɨɜɨ ɢ ɥɢɦɮɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɰɢɞɨɡɚ ȿɫɥɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɟɤɬɚ ɢ

36

ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɬɪɨɮɢɤɢɬɨɷɬɚɫɬɚɞɢɹɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɬɚɞɢɸ

Ʉɥɟɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ ± ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɟɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɪɟɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ ɇɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɢ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɶ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɦɚɪɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɚ Ɋɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɚɝɨɰɢɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɹɦɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɢɧɭɬ ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɛɢɨɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɚɰɢɞɨɡ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ȻȺȼ ɝɢɫɬɚɦɢɧ ɫɟɪɨɬɨɧɢɧ ɧɭɤɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɚ

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɭɸ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɦɢ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɷɬɢɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɧɨɜɨɤɚɢɧ ɚɧɬɢɛɢɨɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ

Ȼɚɪɶɟɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɚɛɫɰɟɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ± ɩɪɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɝɧɨɣɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɩɭɯɥɨɫɬɢ ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɧɨɣɧɨ ɪɟɡɨɪɛɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɚɥɶɩɚɰɢɢ Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɧɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ ɉɨɡɠɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɱɚɝɢ ɪɚɡɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɹ

Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɫɬɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɥɢɡ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ

37

ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɱɚɝ ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɪɵɜɚ ɢɧɮɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɟ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɱɚɝɨɜ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɢ ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɚɡɥɢɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɮɥɟɝɦɨɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɷɦɩɢɷɦɵ

ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɠɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɝɧɨɣɧɢɱɤɢ ɫɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɝɧɨɣɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ

ɉɪɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɷɬɢɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ ɟɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɮɟɤɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ ɢ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ ɮɥɟɝɦɨɧ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɧɨɣɧɨ ɧɟɤɪɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɱɚɝɨɜ

ɋɬɚɞɢɹ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɲɟɝɨ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ ±ɩɪɢɨɫɬɪɨɝɧɨɣɧɨɦɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɩɭɯɥɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɧɨɟɦ ɉɪɢ ɩɚɥɶɩɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɩɭɯɥɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɥɸɤɬɭɚɰɢɹ ȼɨɤɪɭɝ ɩɪɢɩɭɯɥɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɛɚɪɶɟɪ ɞɟɦɚɪɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɚɹ ɚɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɧɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɤɚɧɢ əɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɧɨɣɧɨ ɪɟɡɨɪɛɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɯɨɪɚɞɤɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɸɬɫɹ Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬɫɹ

ɋɚɦɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɟ ± ɩɪɢ ɚɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɢ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɝɧɨɣɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɝɧɨɣɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶȿɫɥɢ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɝɧɨɣɧɢɤɚɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɜɩɨɥɨɫɬɶɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹɬɹɠɟɥɵɟɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɷɦɩɢɷɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɑɟɪɟɡ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɡɚ

6. ɋɬɚɞɢɹ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɭɛɰɟɜɚɧɢɹɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜ ɢɧɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɧɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɛɰɚ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɤɪɵɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ

38

ɂɫɯɨɞɵ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

ɉɪɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɦ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɬɪɵɣ ɚɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɪɭɛɰɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɭɛɰɨɜɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɲɟɣɫɹ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ

ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɯɨɧɟ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɚɫɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɥɢɮɟɪɚɬɢɥɢɡɨɧɚɞɢɫɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɨɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ

Ȼɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɫɬɪɵɣ ɝɧɨɣɧɵɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɮɟɤɬɚ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɪɬɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɛɫɰɟɫɫɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɫɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɢ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɧɨɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ ɥɢɛɨ ɪɚɫɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɤɚɩɫɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɪɵɜɟ ɞɟɦɚɪɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɚ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɝɧɨɹ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɹɝɤɢɟ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɮɥɟɝɦɨɧɚ ȿɫɥɢ ɝɧɨɣ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɦɩɢɷɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɧɨɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɪɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɢ

ɉɪɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɨɧɵ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɢɧɮɟɤɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɥɚɛɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫɦɟɪɬɶ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɨɬ ɷɧɞɨɬɨɤɫɢɤɨɡɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɩɫɢɫɚ

Ʉɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɮɚɡ ɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.

ȼ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɪɚɱɚ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɚ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ ɮɚɡ ɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ

39

Ɍɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɚɡ ɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɬɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ©ɫɦɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯª ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɨɣ

ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɚɱɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɚ ɧɟ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ"

Ɉɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ȼɋȿɏ ɉəɌɂ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɧɬɚɞɵ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɬɚ ɩɪɢɩɭɯɥɨɫɬɶ ɠɚɪ ɛɨɥɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ⱦɚɠɟ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɦɵ ɞɚɟɦ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɂ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɨɛ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɚɥɥɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɬɺɤ Ʉɜɢɧɤɟ

ɬɤɚɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɬɺɱɧɵɦɢ ɧɨ ɛɨɥɢ ɢ ɠɚɪɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɩɭɯɥɨɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɠɚɪɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɬɵ ɢ ɛɨɥɢ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɭɜɢɞɢɦ

Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɥɨɲɚɞɶɸ ɭɞɚɪɚ ɤɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɣ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɚɛɞɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɚɯɢɩɧɨɷ ɱɬɨ

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