Иностранный язык. Развитие английской разговорной речи. Учебное пособие

While controversy continues as to why Congress selected this design, there is good reason to believe that the coat of arms of the Washington family, which contains both stars and stripes, furnished the inspiration. It is interesting to note that, prior to the adoption of an official flag; a banner frequently used bore the figure of a rattlesnake, coiled to strike, with the motto, “Don’t tread on me”.

15. Answer the following questions:

1.What do people often call American flag?

2.What are the colours of the American flag?

3.How many stripes has the flag got?

4.What is the national emblem?

5.Where is the statue of Liberty placed?

6.What country did gift to the USA?

16. Translate into English:

1.Американский флаг часто называют «звезды и полосы».

2.Государственный гимн Америки — это «Усыпанный звездами флаг».

3.У каждого штата есть свой собственный флаг.

4.Орел стал национальной эмблемой страны в 1782 году.

5.Орла можно увидеть на обратной стороне доллара.

6.Статуя Свободы — символ американской демократии.

7.В правой руке у Свободы — факел свободы.

8.Статуя Свободы стоит на острове Свободы в Нью-Йорке.

17. Learn the following words by heart:

to be made up from — быть составленным, состоять из to border — граничить

to divide — делить

to head — возглавлять

to pass — проходить через to represent — представлять

to symbolize — символизировать

District of Columbia — округ Колумбия marble — мраморный

empty — пустой, полый indication — указание

piece of land — участок земли two storey — двухэтажный

Declaration of Independence — Декларация независимости

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18. Give a summary of the text.

AMERICAN CHARACTER

American society seems to be much more informal than the British and, in some ways, is characterized by less social distinction. Students do not rise when a teacher enters the room. One does not always address a person by his title, such as “Major” or “General” or “Doctor”. The respectful “Sir” is not always used in the northern and western parts of the country.

However, it is best to use a person's title when first meeting him/her, and then allow the person to tell you how he / she wishes to be called.

They use first names when calling each other, slap on the back, joke and are much freer in their speech, which is slangier than the conventional British English. You will often hear the word “Hi” (a form of greeting among friends) used instead of the usual “Hello” and “Howdy” instead of “How do you do?”.

Yet, in spite of all the informality, Americans, even in the way they address each other, show consciousness of social distinction. For example, one is likely to use somewhat more formal language when talking to superiors. While the informal “Hello” is an acceptable greeting from employee to employer, the employee is more apt to say “Hello, Mr. Ferguson”, while the employer may reply “Hello, Jim”.

Certain other forms of politeness are observed on social occasions. Women may wear hats in church, in restaurants, and often when attending luncheons in public places and other public social functions expect those that take place in the evening. Men who do wear hats ordinarily remove them in elevators, churches, restaurants, private homes, business offices — in fact, in most public situations when they wish to show respect.

19. Study the text.

HOLIDAYS IN THE USA

Every country has its own holidays. They reflect the history of the country and its cultural and religious traditions. Some religious holidays are common in different countries. They are Christmas and Easter.

Americans celebrate Christmas on the 25th of December. They buy a lot of presents for each other, for their parents, children and friends.

The New Year's Day, the 1st of January is not so widely celebrated in the United States as we do it in Russia.

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Of course, the most important holiday in America is the 4th of July, the Independence Day. People like to watch colourful fireworks in the evening. The 4th of July is the day-off and people don't go to work.

The holidays when people don't go to work are: Martin Luther King's day on the 20th of January, Labour Day on the 7th of September and Thanksgiving on the last Friday of November. On Thanksgiving Americans usually eat turkey. This holiday reminds the time when the first colonists (pilgrims) from England came to America in 1620 and could survive in the unknown land. There is still a big white stone on the shore in Plymouth in Massachusetts that the pilgrims landed on. It is called “The Plymouth Rock”.

The 31st of October is the children's most favourite holiday — Halloween. On this day children, dressed in funny dresses visit their neighbours and say “Trick or treat!” and get sweets.

The rest of the holidays are usually on weekends. They are: the Flag's Day, Mother's Day, and Armed Forces Day. Americans also celebrate Lincoln's birthday, Washington's Birthday, President's Day in February.

The 14th of February is Valentine's Day or as it is called “All lovers day”.

20. Translate into English and learn the following words by heart:

Многочисленный, соединять, населять, Вавилон, средства передвижения (автомобили и т. п.), ворота, небоскребы, отрасли промышленности, городской транспорт, отражать, Рождество, Пасха, широко празднуется, выходной, фейерверк, индейка, напоминать, выживать, представлять, фон, гимн, орел, оливковая веточка, прибывать, факел.

21. Read and translate the dialogue and make up your own one.

HOLIDAYS

—I say, Maggie, could you tell us what are the main public holidays in

the USA?

—January 1 should be mentioned. It is New Year's Day. All banks, stores, factories and schools are closed. People see the old year out and the New Year in. They go to bed after midnight. New Year's Day is celebrated throughout the country.

—I hear that Decoration Day is marked on the last Monday of May. What is it dedicated to?

—Decoration Day is sometimes called Memorial Day. It is dedicated to those who fell in the War of Independence, in World War I and World War II.

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—I see. The greatest holiday is July 4, isn't it?

—Yes, it is. The Declaration of Independence was proclaimed in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776 when the American colonies were fighting for independence against England. July 4 has become the greatest holiday since.

—What do the Americans mark on November II?

—November II is Veterans Day. All Americans who died in the antifascist struggle are honored.

—It is so difficult for me to remember when Thanksgiving Day is celebrated.

—That is a great holiday. It is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. It has been celebrated since the autumn of 1621 that was the first harvest festival in America.

—You want to say that the Pilgrim Fathers celebrated the first harvest festival in America.

—That's exactly what I mean to say.

—Don't you think that Christmas is a great holiday?

—Christmas is a religious holiday. It is always celebrated on December 25. Schools and colleges are closed between Christmas and New Year's Day. It is customary to stay at home and spend time with one's families.

—Thank you for the information.

22. Answer the following questions:

1.What do the holidays reflect?

2.When do Americans celebrate Christmas?

3.Is 1st of January widely celebrated?

4.What is the most important holiday in USA?

5.What are the holidays when people stay off work?

6.What is and where is Plymouth Rock?

7.What's children most favourite holiday?

23.Make up a monologue about holidays in the USA.

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