Иностранный язык. Развитие английской разговорной речи. Учебное пособие
.pdfAnn: No, thank you. I never take wine.
Fred: Well, here’s something for you, Ann. Hand me your tumbler, please. Well, John, be good. Ann? (They drink).
John: It’s good to be in a company like this.
Ann: Let me help you to some salad, John.
John: Please do. That’s quite enough, thank you.
Ann: Some soup, John?
John: Why, yes! I think I could manage a plateful. Ann: How do you find it?
John: Awfully nice, really. Don’t you think so, Fred?
Fred: Yes, it is indeed. Pass me the salt, Ann, will you? Ann: Here you are. Some more bread, Fred?
Fred: Yes, please. What comes next, Annie? Ann: Chops with roast potatoes, fish … . Fred: And what follows that?
Ann: Wouldn’t you like to make a guess?
Fred: Stewed apricots as usual, I suppose.
Ann: There you are wrong, Fred. It’s apple dumpling with whipped cream! John: Apple dumpling, and with whipped cream! My, isn’t that fine!
Ann: I am happy that I’ve suited your taste, John. And do you like it, Fred?
Fred: Oh, yes. You know I do.
Ann: Do you take milk in your coffee, John?
John: Yes, I do. (Ann hands him a cup of coffee.) Thank you.
Fred: Well, John, what about a cigar? John: With great pleasure.
Vocabulary:
Will a duck swim? (Fam.) — Еще спрашиваешь. С большим удовольствием. Apple dumpling — Яблоко, запеченное в тесте.
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ТЕМА 11. EDUCATION
Практические вопросы:
1.Мой рабочий день.
2.Университеты.
3.Образование в Великобритании и в России.
4.Планы на будущее.
5.Иностранный язык в современном обществе.
Задания для отработки практических навыков
1. Read and translate the text.
STUDENT’S WORKING DAY
I am a first-year student of the Technical Academy. Let me describe my usual working day. My classes begin at nine o’clock. So, on weekdays I have to get up at half past seven. My alarm clock usually wakes me up and my working day begins.
I turn on the radio, do my morning exercises, take a shower and brush my teeth. After that I get dressed and comb my hair. Then I have breakfast. I like to listen to the latest news on the radio while I am eating.
I leave the house at ten minutes past eight and walk to the nearest bus stop. I live rather far from the Academy and it usually takes me about a quarter of an hour to get there by bus. Sometimes when the weather is fine and I have enough time I walk to the Academy.
As a rule we have three or four classes a day. We have lectures in different subjects. Usually I don’t miss my classes because I want to pass my examinations successfully. But sometimes I do, especially when the weather is fine and the classes are boring.
At twelve o’clock we have a big interval for lunch. That’s my favourite time.
That is the time to share the latest news with my friends. I prefer not to go to the canteen and we often have lunch in a small café not too far from the Academy. At one o’clock we have to be back to our classes. During the working day we also have several intervals that last for ten minutes.
From time to time I have to stay at the Academy till late in the evening because I go to the library to get ready for my practical classes or to write a report. As a rule I have no free time on weekdays. So, by the end of the week I get very tired.
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I come home at about 7 o’clock in the evening. My parents are already at home. We have supper together. After supper we wash dishes, drink coffee or tea and watch TV. I prefer old comedies and serials or films about traveling. Sometimes I go for a walk in the park or visit my friends.
At about eleven at night I go to bed. I like to read something before going to bed or to listen to some music. Sometimes I fall asleep while I am reading.
2.Translate into English and write one sentence with each word or word combination:
быть студентом дневного отделения; будние дни; gросыпаться в 7 часов утра; включать радио; принимать душ; чистить зубы; одеваться; слушать последние новости; уходит час, чтобы добраться до института; ездить на автобусе (троллейбусе, трамвае); опаздывать на занятия; пропускать занятия; сдать экзамены успешно; подготовиться к занятиям; как правило; уставать; приходить домой; быть дома; иметь свободное время.
3.Write a short story about your typical day. The following questions can help you.
1.Do you get up early?
2.Is it easy for you to get up early?
3.Do you wake up yourself or does your alarm clock wake you up?
4.What do you prefer: a hot or a cold shower in the morning?
5.What do you usually have for breakfast?
6.When do you usually leave your house?
7.How long does it take you to get to your Institute (Academy, University)?
8.Do you go there by bus or walk?
9.How many lectures do you usually have every day?
10.Where do you usually have lunch (dinner)?
11.What time do you come home?
12.How long does it take you to do your homework?
13.How do you usually spend your evenings?
14.Do you have much free time on weekdays?
15.What time do you usually go to bed?
4. Study the ways the English people write letters. Here is a letter of a son to his parents:
Dear Father and Mother,
You asked me to write and tell you what happens at school. We get up early, and have breakfast. Then we do physical training, and after that we start our lessons.
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We have a break in the middle of the morning and then we work till dinner-time. We have lessons in the afternoon, and after tea we do various things such as gardening or games. I play football and I like it very much. In the evening we do our preparation in the classroom.
I like school very much. Love from Martin
Note; Martin is away from home. He studies and lives at school. Such schools are called boarding-schools.
5.Write a letter to one of your friends (or parents). Read and learn the proverb.
After dinner sit a while, after supper walk a mile. — После обеда посиди минутку, после ужина пройдись с милю.
6.Answer the question:
Если бы вы учились в этом Политехническом институте, какой бы курс вы избрали? Одобряете ли вы выбор Аллана?
PCL — the Polytechnic of Central London — has a strong record in the field of communication and media studies. PCL has a media studies course with a third of the time on print, radio and television journalism and broadcasting production specializing in the last two years. The Academic study of human communication — linguistics, psychology, sociology and cultural studies, and topics like thought processes, how people behave in group and communities, the structure and function of language processing.
Easy Reading В I
In British Press you can find a lot of information about the Royal Family. Here are some facts. Which of them are interesting or strange?
The Prince of Wales, eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh was born at Buckingham Palace on 14 November 1948 and was given the names of Charles Philip Arthur George.
He's got the rank of Commander in the Royal Navy and the rank of Wing Commander in the Royal Air Force.
He is also Chancellor of the University of Wales and President of the International Council of United World Colleges.
The Prince of Wales's interests are: conservation, farming, problems of young people, music, complementary medicine, education, disability, history, industry and management, archeology, flying, polo and fishing.
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The Princess of Wales, the former Lady Diana Spencer, was born on 1 July, 1961, the daughter of the then Lord and Lady Althorp now the Earl Spencer and the Hon Mrs. Shand-Kydd.
The Princess has two elder sisters, and a younger brother.
She was married to the Prince of Wales on 29 July 1981. Her son, Prince William of Wales, was born on 21 June 1982.
The Princess is the first Englishwoman to marry an heir to the throne for over 300 years.
Her interests are: Wales, the disabled, children (their problems and development), ballet and music. The Princess is Patron or President of many organizations among which are the Welsh National Opera, the Royal School for the Blind, the London City Ballet and National Children's Orchestra.
Everybody
This story is about four men named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody and Nobody. There was an important job to be done and everybody was asked to do it. Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that, because it was Everybody's job. Everybody thought that Anybody could do it, and Nobody realized that Everybody would- n't do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when actually Nobody blamed Anybody.
7. Summarize the text.
OXFORD
Oxford is a celebrated city of science. It is situated 54 miles north-west of London. The name of Oxford means the part of the River Thames where the oxen crossed it. To walk through Oxford is to walk through the history. Scarcely anywhere else in England is so much history, and such a wealth of fine architecture to be found in a small area which is called a “golden heart”.
It is believed that between 1164 and 1169 when Henry ii forbade English clerk to go to the University of Paris the scholars had to find somewhere else to continue their studies. Their choice fell on Oxford the first group of scholars at Oxford may have been joined by others from Paris as well as from other parts of Britain. Many visitors to Oxford want to be shown the University. There is no “university” as such. The component parts of the University of Oxford are the colleges. Each college is practically autonomous, with its own set of rules of government. There is a central administration that organizes lectures, arranges examinations, gives degrees, etc. Each college has its own character and individuality.
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The most remarkable of the various college buildings is Christ Church. Its Tom Tower is one of the glories of Oxford. It houses the great bell which tolls 101 times each evening in memory of the original number of scholars. The bell is known as “Great Tom”.
Oxford is noted for the Sheldonian Theatre opened in 1669. The Sheldonian Theatre is a large semicircular chamber seating 4 000 persons.
Oxford is also an important industrial centre. There are some industries there such as printing, manufacturing of motor vehicles.
The students wear black gowns and queer-looking caps. They have to wear that dress when they are taking an examination.
The Tutorial System is one of the ways in which Oxford and Cambridge differ from all the other English universities. Every student has a tutor. He plans your work, suggests the books you should read. Each week you go to him perhaps with 2 or 3 other students and he discusses with you the work that you have done and sets you the next week’s work.
You can meet a proctor in a cap and gown. The proctor’s job is to keep discipline, to see that the students aren’t out after midnight, aren’t driving a ca without having first received permission from the proctor. The Proctor can punish students. They can be fined a sum of money or for a very serious offence, they can be expelled. A proctor is usually followed by “bull-dogs”. Their job is to catch the student if he tries to run away before his name can be taken.
8. Summarize the text.
CAMBRIDGE
Cambridge must be one of the best-known towns in the world, and can be found most tourists’ lists of places to visit. The principal reason for its fame is its
University, which started during the 13th century and grew steadily, until today there are more than 20 colleges.
Most of them allow visitors to enter the grounds and countryards. The most popular place from which to view them is from the Backs, where the college grounds go down to the River Cam.
The oldest college is Peterhouse, which was founded in 1284, and the most recent is Robinson College, which was opened in 1977. The most famous is probably
King’s, because of its magnificent chapel. Its choir of boys and undergraduates is also very well known.
The University was exclusively for men until 1871 when the first women’s college was opened. Another was opened two years later and a third in 1954. In the 1970s,
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most colleges opened their doors to both men and women. Almost all colleges are now mixed, but it will be many years before there are equal numbers of both sexes.
The Cambridge Folk Festival. Every year, in summer, thousands of folk music fans arrive in Cambridge for one of the biggest festivals of folk music in England. The festival is held in the grounds of an old house, where there is plenty of room for people to put up their tents if they want to stay overnight.
The Cambridge Folk Festival is very well organized, and there are never any of the serious problems which can be caused by large crowds.
However, some people who live nearby are not very happy about the festival. They say that there is too much noise, that too much rubbish is left on the ground, and that many of the fans take drugs.
On the other hand, local shop-keepers look forward to the festival. For them, it means a big increase in the number of customers.
9. Read the text and write a short story about your Institute (Academy, University).
MY ACADEMY
Let me tell you about my Polytechnic Academy. I am really glad that I study here. It is one of the finest country’s higher educational institutions. Studying in our Academy gives a solid background in all spheres of knowledge and prepares for practical work.
Our Academy is quite large and old. It is a large school where more than 5 000 students are currently enrolled. About 3 000 of them are full-time students, like me, and the rest are part-time students. There are also about 150 graduate students. They carry out independent research work and have pedagogical practice.
The course of study in my Academy lasts five years. The academic year is divided into two terms. At the end of each term students pass examinations.
There are many faculties in my Academy. Here are some of them: the faculty of industrial automation and robotics, the faculty of plastics, the faculty of machine tools and the faculty of metalworking.
Our Academy is large and we have several buildings. One of the buildings is for lectures and seminars only. We have two laboratory buildings which are equipped with up-to-date equipment and students can carry out lab works and various experiments there. Many students from my group do their own research work.
There are also several dormitories or hostel buildings on the campus where students from other cities live.
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10. Read the text and answer the question “What is education for you?”.
WHAT IS EDUCATION FOR YOU
If you ask yourself why children go to school, you’ll probably say that they go to school to learn their own language and other languages, arithmetic, geography, history and all other subjects
We send our children to school to prepare them for the time they will be big. They learn their own language so that they will be able to tell others clearly what they want; what they know, and understand what others tell them. They learn foreign languages in order to be able to benefit from what people in other countries have written and said. They learn arithmetic in order to be able to measure and count things in their daily life, geography in order to know something about the world around them. Nearly everything they study at school has some practical use in their daily life.
But there is more in education than just learning facts. We go to school above all to learn how to learn, so that, when we leave school, we can continue to learn.
We don’t educate children only for the purpose of educating them; our purpose is to fit them for life. In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability, and, secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society.
11. Read and translate the text.
EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
The system of education in any country is aimed at developing a personality for the good of the individual and society as a whole.
Pre-school education in England begins at the age of 3 or 4. Around half of the children at this age attend nursery schools or playgroups mostly organized by parents. Compulsory primary education begins at the age of 5 in England, Wales and Scotland and at 4 in Northern Ireland. Children start their school career in an infant school. Lessons start at 9 a.m. and are over at 4 p.m. They are taught «3 R’s»: Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic. Pupils have a lot of fun at school, drawing, reading, dancing or singing.
When they are 7 pupils move to a junior school, which lasts four years till they are 11. Most of children (over 90 per cent) go to state schools where education is free. Only a small proportion of them attend private (Public) or independent
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schools. Parents have to pay for the education at these schools. The fees are high and only some families can afford it. The most notable Public schools are Eton, Harrow, Winchester and Rugby.
Secondary education begins at 11. The majority of secondary schools are Comprehensive schools where boys and girls study together. Besides, parents can take their sons and daughters to Grammar schools or secondary Modern schools.
Grammar schools provide an academic course from 11 to 18. They prepare pupils for colleges and universities.
Many children of working class families go to Modern schools. They give a very limited education. Pupils get instruction in woodwork, metalwork, sewing, shorthand, typing and cooking. After finishing such a school a pupil becomes an unskilled worker.
The Comprehensive Schools have their own «Grammar school» classes and “Modern” classes.
Every pupil has to choose a set of subjects to learn. If he takes up Art he will study English Literature, Music, Art, Drama and foreign languages. If he is good at exact and natural sciences, he will learn Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, Economics and Technical Drawing.
The British government encourages careers education in the country. That’s why secondary schools try to break down the barriers between education and business. They set up close links with firms to allow their students to take part in business activities.
At around 16 years old teenagers take some exams and coursework to get General Certificate of Education. Those who choose to stay on at school usually study for two further years to pass A level (Advanced level) exams. These exams will give them a chance to enter the university.
12. Translate into English.
Преследовать цель, дошкольное образование, посещать, обязательный, начальное образование, подготовительная школа, начальная школа, среднее образование, ограниченный, шитье, стенография, неквалифицированный, поощрять, связь.
13. Answer the questions:
1.What is a system of education aimed to?
2.When does the pre-school education in England begin in England, Wales and Northern Ireland?
3.When does the compulsory education begin in England?
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4.What are “3 R’s” of the infant school?
5.What are the most famous Public schools in England?
6.What are Grammar and Comprehensive schools?
7.What are Modern schools?
8.Are there compulsory subjects in the UK?
9.What exams must be taken to enter the University?
14. Read and translate the text.
EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
People in our country have the right for education. It is our Constitutional right. But it is not only a right, it is a duty too. Every boy and every girl in Russia must go to school, that is, they must get a full secondary education. So, when they are 6 or 7 years old they begin to go to school. There are thousands of schools in Russia. There are schools of general education, where the pupils study Russian (or a native language), Literature, Mathematics, History, Biology, Music, Arts, Foreign Languages. There is also a number of specialized schools, where the pupils get deep knowledge of foreign languages, or Maths, or Physics.
After finishing 9 classes of secondary school young people can continue their education at different kinds of vocational or technical school or colleges. They not only learn general subjects, but receive a speciality there. Having finished a secondary school, a technical school or a college young people can start working, or they may enter an Institute or a University. Professional training makes it easier to get higher education. As for high schools, there are a lot of them in our country. Some of them train teachers, others — doctors, engineers, architects, actors and so on. Many institutes have evening and extra-mural departments. That gives the students an opportunity to study at an institute without leaving their jobs.
15. Translate into English the following words and word combinations:
Право, обязанность, среднее образование, глубокие знания, профтехучилище, общий, получать, обучение, высшее, заочное отделение, возможность.
16. Answer the questions:
1.Is education in our country free?
2.Is education in Russia right or duty?
3.What kind of schools are there in Russia?
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