Иностранный язык профильного региона (английский). Учебно-методическое пособие

Unit 2

BRITISH HISTORY

-Find in the book [4, p. 20-31] the names of the periods in British history. -What outstanding rulers and other leaders in British history do you know?

Reading. Oral practice

Do the sections Pre-Norman Britain, Medieval England [4, p. 20-21].

Aural practice. Listen to the text [17, p. 164-165, para 2]. Give it a title.

Skimming

1.“To skim is to read quickly in order to get a general idea of a passage. Unlike scanning, which involves searching for details or isolated facts, skimming requires you to note only information and clues that provide an idea of the central theme or topic of a piece of prose.

When you skim, it is necessary to read only selected sentences in order to get the main idea. You should also use textual clues such as italicized or underlined words, headlines or subtitles, spacing, paragraphing, etc. Do not read every word or sentence.” [2]

2.How can the paragraph-opening sentences, especially the topic sentences, be of benefit to the reader?

A topic sentence “introduces or summarizes the main topic of the paragraph, to give readers an idea of what they are going to read. This is followed by supporting sentences which give examples, details, etc to develop and support the topic sentence.” [3, p. 8]

TUDOR ENGLAND (1485-1603)

-Look at the pictures of Henry VII (Henry of Tudor), Henry VIII [7, p. 67, 68]. What kind of people do they seem to have been?.. What identifying symbol does Henry VII hold in his hand?

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-What does the line “Red is the rose | That in the garden grows” from an English folk song imply about the owner of the garden?

-Explore the section headings in the book [7, p. 67-79] for the Tudor monarchs’ agenda, the challenges that they faced.

The new monarchy

Aural practice

1.1Study the following words with a dictionary: (n) glory, wealth, wages, navy; (a) weak, cruel, (v) avoid, save (about money), waste.

1.2Translate them into Russian: a most glorious period, a wealthy nation state, to waste the wealth saved by, to weaken the quality of, prices rise faster than wages, be cruel in effect.

1.3Listen to the text [7, p. 67, paras 1-2]. What views of the Tudor century are there?

Reading. Oral practice

1. Study the following words and word combinations:

gentry “джентри (мелкое и среднее дворянство, особ. нетитулованное)” [20, р. 210];

nobility “2. 1) (высшее) дворянство, знать, аристократия; the nobility ист. дворянское сословие 2) титулованное дворянство (в Англии); nobility and gentry высшее и низшее /мелкопоместное/ дворянство” [19,

р. 521];

gentleman farmer “фермер-джентльмен (мелкий помещик, ведущий сельское хозяйство в собственном имении)” [20, р, 210];

merchant “купец, (оптовый) торговец; шотл., амер. лавочник” [19,

р. 438];

(n) fine, tax, income, prosperity, council chamber.

2.1 Skim the text The new monarchy [7, p. 67-69] reading the paragraphopening sentences. Where is the most noticeable transition point in the structure of the text – where the author changes from one sub-point to another? How do you know?

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2.2Read the passage about Henry VII [7, p. 67-68]. Which are his greatest achievements as a ruler: building (a) the foundations of a wealthy nation state, (b) a strong navy, (c) the foundations of a powerful monarchy?

2.3Answer the following questions:

1)What beliefs did Henry VII have? Which classes shared his ideas and opinions?

2)What problems did Henry VII face? What solutions to them were found?

3)How was he fortunate?

4)What was his aim? What did he do to achieve it?

3. Draw a table with the following column headings: problems; motivation: aims, wishes; solutions: deeds, activity; effect. Complete it with the data on the new monarchy under Henry VII. Compare it with Table 1 below.

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Pair work

1.1. Talk about the new monarchy under Henry VII. Refer to the table for information.

1.2 Support or challenge these statements:

1)“Henry VII was clever with people and careful with money.” [7, p. 67]

2)“Henry VII <…> based royal power on good business sense.” [7, p. 67]

Aural practice

Listen to the text [7, p. 68-69, paras 8, 9]. T or F:

1)Henry VIII easily realized all his political ambitions because England had no rivals in Europe.

2)A good solution was found to Henry VIII’s financial crisis.

The Reformation

-Why is a certain period in the 16th century in Europe so called? What did the Reformation lead to?

Reading. Oral practice

1.1 Study the following words:

(n) heir /eə/, faith, bishop, monastery, monk, nun, widow, beggar, supremacy, step.

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1.2 Translate the following phrases:

break with Rome, make the break legal, stand up to the authority of the Church, the Act of Supremacy, a careful survey of Church property, make one’s fortune, neither a religious nor a diplomatic disaster, executed Protestants who refused to accept Catholic religious teaching; the dissolution of the monasteries.

2.1Skim the section The Reformation [7, p. 69-70] reading the paragraphopening sentences. Quote those two of them that give you an idea of the progress of Henry VIII’s reforms and perhaps mark transition to the next sub-point. What do you know about the structure of the text now?

2.2Read the section in full. Is Henry VIII’s reign a success story? Would his father have been happy?

2.3Answer the following questions:

1)Why did Henry VIII dislike the power of the Catholic Church in England?

2)What did the pope refuse to do? Why?

3)What solution to his divorce problem did Henry VIII find? What did it imply?

4)How did England become politically a Protestant country?

5)What religious belief and practice did Henry VIII adhere to all his life?

6)When and how did Henry VIII take the English Reformation a step further? How was he motivated? What had been his first step?

7)What classes profited from the dissolution of the monasteries? How?

8)Did Henry VIII reinforce the new monarchy or weaken it? How? Who was his likely successor on the English throne?

3. Draw a table with the following column headings: problems; motivation: aims and wishes, beliefs and ideas; solutions: deeds, activity; effect. Complete it with the data on the English Reformation. Compare it with Table 2 below.

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Pair work

1.Talk about Henry VIII’s Reformation. Refer to the table for information.

2.If Henry VII could have had a talk with Henry VIII when the latter was king, what do you think he might have told his son? Why? What might Henry VIII have said, in turn? Role-play their conversation.

3.Support or challenge these statements:

1)“<…> the direct cause of the rise of Protestantism in England was political and personal rather than doctrinal.” [8, p. 20]

2)The dissolution of the monasteries was an act of official destruction.

3)Henry VIII’s break with Rome was not a disaster.

4)Under Henry VIII England was only politically a Protestant country.

Writing assignment

Write two paragraphs about Henry VIII’s Reformation.

Translate into English the text below:

Тюдоры

(abridged, adapted)

Конец периода, называемого средневековьем, закончился для Англии войной, известной как Война Алой и Белой розы, – борьбой за английский трон между герцогами Йоркскими и Ланкастерскими.

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Kогда последний из Йорков на английском престоле, Ричард III, был убит в битве при Босворте (Bosworth), его дальний родственник Генри Тюдор взошел на английский трон под именем Генриха VII. Новый король не хотел, чтобы старая аристократия оставалась у власти. Он сделал все, чтобы власть перешла в руки «новой аристократии» – купцов и промышленников, раздавая им земли и привилегии.

За время правления династии Тюдоров в Англии произошли большие перемены. Кроме упомянутой замены аристократии «голубой крови» произошла замена государственной религии. До сей поры Англия была католической страной, и король Генрих УIII даже получил от Папы Римского титул Защитника веры. Генрих VIII получил поддержку создаваемого с его помощью класса сельской буржуазии. Этот монарх был очень противоречивой фигурой. Жестокий и неразборчивый в средствах деспот, он остался в людской памяти как одна из самых кровавых исторических личностей. Тем не менее, его заслуги перед страной тоже несомненны. Он много сделал для того, чтобы превратить Англию в могущественное современное государство. (to be contd)

Suggested words and phrases:

the Wars of the Roses, the last Yorkist on the English throne, the House of Tudors, to regain the strength, to let political power fall from the hands of aristocracy of blood to those of aristocracy of money, state religion, a Roman Catholic country, the Defender of Faith, Anglican Church, the gentry, one of the most bloody figures in English history.

[17, p. 16-18]

The Protestant - Catholic Struggle

-What was the popular religion under Henry VIII? What religious teaching was he loyal to?

Reading. Oral practice

1. Study the following words and phrases:

1.1 parish priest – “приходский священник, настоятель приходской церкви”;

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parson – “приходский священник”;

vicar /’vikə/ – “приходский священник (в англиканской церкви)”; squire /’skwaiə/ – “сквайр (местный помещик, тж. вежливая форма обращения к нему)”, cf: “esquire /is’kwaiə/ 1) (Е.) эсквайр, господин (ставится после фамилии; см. Еsq) 2) нетитулованный дворянин

<…>” [20, р. 361, 363, 505, 456; 185]; sermon /’sə:mən/ n – проповедь; unbending a – непреклонный.

1.2 (n) ally, enemy, sin, plot, damage;

(v) bring together, prosper, execute smb, escape to.

1.3prosper v – prosperous a, prosperity n; execute v – execution n, rebel v – rebellion n, hate v – hatred n, pray v – prayer n, safe n – safety n, prison n – prisoner n, wise a – unwise a.

1.4Translate into Russian:

be Protestant by belief, the changes in belief, to take a lead in religious matters, introduce a new prayer book, a book of sermons, those parts of English society which were in religious disagreement, the greed of the Protestant nobles, place England under foreign control, express neither Catholic nor Protestant views, the unit of state administration, named Philip as heir to the throne of, become an important political force.

2.Skim the text The Protestant – Catholic struggle [7, p. 71-72] reading the paragraph-opening sentences. Do you know now under which kings and queens that struggle in England took place, which foreign monarchs played a part in it?

3.Read the text (abridged) [7, p. 71-72, paras 1-10]. Make up an outline.

4.Answer the following questions:

1)When Edward VI was king, who by belief were the rulers of the country and all the new landowners? Why were they for the reforms?

2)Was England truly Protestant then? What step was taken to make it more so?

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3)What were the mistakes of Mary’s reign?

4)What was Elizabeth’s agenda? What solutions to the problems of the English Reformation were found?

5)Did those solutions put an end to the struggle between Catholics and Protestants? What dangers did Elizabeth still face?

6)How was Mary Queen of Scots involved in the Protestant – Catholic struggle in England? How was that danger finally removed?

7)What changed the popular feeling in England? How?

5.Design a table. Complete it with the data on the Protestant – Catholic struggle.

6.Pair work

6.1Talk about the Protestant – Catholic struggle during Edward VI’s, Mary’s reign. Refer to the table for information.

6.2Talk about the Protestant – Catholic Struggle during Elizabeth I’s reign. Refer to the table for information.

6.3If Henry VIII could have had a talk with Edward VI’s councillors, Mary I, Elizabeth I when they were monarchs, what do you think he might have told them? Why? What might he have heard in reply? Role-play their conversations.

Translate into Russian paragraphs 8, 9 in the text under study [7, p. 72].

Translate into English the text below:

Тюдоры

После смерти Генриха VIII страной правили его дети: сначала Эдуард VI, потом Мария. Она была прозвана Марией Кровавой за преследование протестантов и попытки вернуть страну в католическую веру. И, наконец, Елизавета. Она заслужила прозвище Добрая королева Бесс за то, что мудро правила страной в течение 45 лет в один из самых трудных периодов ее истории.

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