Unit 5. NON-FINITE FORMS (VERBALS)
5.1. Infinitive
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Active |
Passive |
Выражают действие, одновременное с действием, |
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Indefinite to build |
to be built |
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выраженным глаголом-сказуемым |
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Continuous to be building |
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Active |
Passive |
Выражают действие, предшествовавшее действию, |
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Perfect to have built |
to have been built |
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выраженному глаголом-сказуемым |
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Perfect Continuous |
— |
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to have been building |
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I. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to infinitive forms.
1.All the documentation should be drawn correctly; otherwise the director won’t agree to sign it.
2.Nobody expected all the tickets to be sold out so quickly; the event should be impressive.
3.To design my own house is my greatest dream.
4.The company is expected to get good profit this year; it must be due to new technologies implementation.
5.The film was considered to release this autumn; buttiis delayed in order to increase future spectators’ interest.
6.He is sure to come to the meeting; it is him who has designed this project.
7.We were expected to have met the previous evening; but I couldn’t have come in time.
8.I would like to be invited to the meeting; I have much information to share with the colleagues.
9.To become professionals students should not only study theory, but also practise a lot.
10.The structure to house our district library has already started to be build.
11.It is very important for contractors to choose suppliers carefully.
12.You’d better stop quarrelling with your boss, otherwise you may be fired.
II. Make all possible infinitive forms using the following verbs; translate them.
Example: to produce (производить); to be producing (производить в течение долгого времени); to have produced (произвести); to have been producing (производить долгое время до настоящего времени); to be produced (быть производимым); to have been produced (быть произведенным).
To add, to build, to extend, to pull down, to supervise, to insulate.
Translate the following infinitives into Russian.
To last, to be strengthened, to be using, to have determined, to have been put, to have been combining.
Translate the following infinitives into English.
Продолжаться, быть согнутым, заботиться долгое время, быть выпущенным (до какого-то момента), переслать (до какого-то момента), строить (на протяжении долгого времени).
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III. Match 1–10 to A–J to make sentences.
1 |
He was happy to be working |
A |
to assemble these huge units. |
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2 |
To extend the main street |
B |
will be the widest in the country. |
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3 |
These workers will use powerful machinery |
C |
are metallurgy and radio engineering. |
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4 |
The new channel to be constructed here |
D |
is connected with the city water supply |
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system. |
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The new branches of industry to be developed |
E |
with the famous architect. |
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in the capital |
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6 |
The road surface to be repaired |
F |
they had to destroy some old building. |
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7 |
The problem to be discussed |
G |
requires study at a university or college. |
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8 |
To be a professional in building construction |
H |
was ruined years ago by heavy vehicles. |
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9 |
It’s important to think about items like colour |
I |
is a straight line. |
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and finish |
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10 |
The simplest thing to set out |
J |
otherwise the finished driveway may look |
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unattractive. |
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IV. Open the brackets using the correct form of the pronouns.
1.I want (they) to be more attentive during our classes.
2.My brother taught (I) to apply all modern devices.
3.All members of the conference would like (they) to speak louder.
4.Bob advised (she) to take part in the competition.
5.We expect (he) to win the match.
6.I heard (you) talk to the general contractor.
7.The director always makes (I) check all the company documentation.
8.Our colleagues expect (we) to pay them a premium.
9.The foreman never lets (he) work at height.
10.I saw (they) cross the street at a red traffic light.
V. Insert to where necessary.
1.The city plan was considered … be the most successful.
2.The director often makes them … work overtime.
3.The foundation should … be constructed from the reinforced concrete blocks.
4.Walls of any medieval castles are known … be built for protective purposes.
5.Pilasters seemed … be adjusted not only for artistic purposes.
6.You’d better … accept this fact.
7.The Romans were the first … use many pieces of equipment very similar to the modern ones.
8.The investor wants the mansion … look like a medieval castle.
9.Many people believe the Internet … be one of the greatest inventions.
10.All tourists consider this structure … be a real masterpiece.
11.All materials … be used in this process are man-made.
12.Any company that provides construction works should also … provide garbage removal.
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VI. Choose the correct form of infinitive.
1. Peter’s the Great idea was … a fortified point on the Neva river.
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a) to create; |
c) to be created; |
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b) to be creating; |
d) to have created. |
2. |
He was happy … with such a professional team during that summer. |
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a) work; |
c) to be worked; |
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b) to be working; |
d) have worked. |
3. |
I am glad … him recently. |
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a) to help; |
c) to have helped; |
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b) to be helping; |
d) to be helped. |
4. We suppose Russian architecture … by western architectural tendencies.
a) to have been influenced; |
c) to have influenced; |
b) to influence; |
d) to be influencing. |
5. We know the Moscow University … due to the efforts of M. Lomonosov, the greatest Russian
scientist. |
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a) to build; |
c) to have built; |
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b) to have been built; |
d) to be building. |
6. |
It did not take much time … the road. |
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a) pave; |
b) to be paved; |
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c) to pave; |
d) have paved. |
7. |
Another reason … is the lack of necessary equipment for the experiment. |
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a) be considered; |
c) consider; |
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b) to have considered; |
d) to be considered. |
8. The conference discussed some new methods … in teaching English as a foreign language.
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a) to use; |
c) to have used; |
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b) to be used; |
d) to be using. |
9. This question is too complicated … at once. |
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a) to be answered; |
c) to have answered; |
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b) to answer; |
d) to be answering. |
10. |
The engine … in this car is very powerful. |
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a) to install; |
c) to have installed; |
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b) to be installed; |
d) to be installing. |
11. |
Jack pretends … the task very well. |
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a) to have understood; |
c) understand; |
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b) to be understanding; |
d) have understood. |
12. |
They seem … to the current lecture very attentively. |
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a) to listen; |
c) to be listening; |
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b) be listening; |
d) to have listened. |
13. |
Many various types of airplanes are reported … in this country during the last decades. |
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a) to produce; |
c) to have been produced; |
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b) to have produced; |
d) to be produced. |
14. |
The stonework of this fortress can only … to those of the medieval European castles. |
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a) to be compared; |
c) have compared; |
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b) be compared; |
d) compare. |
15. |
Ancient churches often had … as fortresses against enemy invasions. |
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a) to be serving; |
c) to be served; |
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b) to serve; |
d) serve. |
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VII. Change the phrases or sentences in italics, using infinitives of infinitive structures. Example: We know that she speaks English well; she always helps uswhen we do our home
tasks. — We know her to speak English well; she always helps us to do our home tasks.
1.I saw that the builders started constructing the foundation; I hope all works will be completed soon.
2.It was expected that the company would made profit last year; but they couldn’t do it because of several reasons.
3.We are sure that she will complete the project in time; it’s no need to remind her.
4.I expect that he will do the task himself; otherwise we will have to help him working overtime.
5.People consider that an engineer is the profession of the future; we are gladthat we have chosen it.
Example: This expert team is the most experienced in our company (to consider). — This expert team is considered to be the most experienced in our company.
1.This student speaks English fluently (to know).
2.They are informal leaders of this group (to say).
3.They don’t understand this material (to seem).
4.Archeologists will find something interesting during the excavation works in this area (to be likely).
5.Ancient foreign traditions were adapted to modern circumstances (to happen).
6.Limestone is successfully used in many types of decoration works (to expect).
7.This cathedral is one of the oldest in our town (to be sure).
8.The old dilapidated mansion will be restored next year (to be reported).
Example: She bakes very tasty cakes. I want them. — I want her to bake her tasty cakes.
1.The chief engineer said: “They are the best experts in our industry.” — The chief engineer considers … .
2.“Speak about this discovery at the conference,” my lecturer said. — My lecturer wanted … .
3.The key disappeared in the river. I noticed it. — I noticed … .
4.Joan said to her son: “Don’t turn the laptop on.” — Joan doesn’t let … .
5.“Mrs. Smith, please, let me bring my homework tomorrow”, said the student. — The student would like … .
6.The chief said that several employees can travel to Sweden with him. — The chief allowed ….
VIII. Choose the correct sentence.
1.a) Michael was the only person done all of the home tasks.
b)Michael was the only person to do all of the home tasks.
c)Michael was the only person do all of the home tasks.
2.a) I expect her to follow my advice.
b)I expect her follow my advice.
c)I expect she to follow my advice.
3.a) Here is the book to read by next week.
b)Here is the book to be read by next week.
c)Here is the book be read by next week.
4.a) All of the group mates heard him to answer his ticket perfectly.
b)All of the group mates heard him answered his ticket perfectly.
c)All of the group mates heard him answer his ticket perfectly.
5.a) The castle is reported to be built of granite.
b)The castle is reported be built of granite.
c)The castle is reported is built of granite.
6.a) The supervisor made the workers wearing personal protective equipment.
b)The supervisor made the workers to wear personal protective equipment.
c)The supervisor made the workers wear personal protective equipment.
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7.a) Peter the Great was the first to involve Russian specialists into construction of the new capital.
b)Peter the Great was the first involve Russian specialists into construction of the new capital. с) Peter the Great was the first involved Russian specialists into construction of the new capital.
8.a) The unique building of Moscow State University is known to be constructed in 1953.
b)The unique building of Moscow State University is known be constructed in 1953.
c)The unique building of Moscow State University is known being constructed in 1953.
IX. Correct the mistakes made in infinitives.
1.I saw him to go to the store; he was the first go out during the isolation period.
2.He wants me to go to the computer club; actually I need to improve my knowledge.
3.Einstein is known is a great scientist; though he couldn’t to implement many ordinary things.
4.The books are said are interesting and actual, though they were written long ago.
5.It is necessary for the society allocate resources in an environmentally friendly way.
6.This teacher is said remembers all her students and is very attentive to them.
7.The weather is said is snowy tomorrow, but we are waiting for spring comes.
8.You’d better to go home if you feel bad; don’t make me to call a doctor.
9.All students should to pass all their works in time for their teacher could to check them quicker.
10.He was not allowed go to the party; his parents made him to look after his younger brother.
11.The chief engineer wants them will come to the office with their own devices; they refuse do that.
X. Translate into English.
1.Известно, что производство керамической продукции — очень сложный процесс, включающий в себя формовку плитки, сушку и обжиг.
2.Директор кирпичного завода хочет, чтобы все кирпичи как глиняные, так и шлаковые, производились из материалов самого высокого качества.
3.Вероятно, подготовка строительных работ длилась слишком долго, и строительный раствор затвердел. Прораб заставил рабочих раскрошить его и использовать в качестве заполнителя.
4.Похоже, что железобетон — это один из самых долговечных строительных материалов, так как бетон укреплен арматурными стержнями.
5.Я бы хотел житьв собственном загородном доме, построенном из природного материала: камня или дерева.
6.Инженер хочет, чтобы вся имеющаяся в наличии искусственная продукция соответствовала принятым стандартам качества.
7.Известно, что железобетон — оптимальный материал для строительства, благодаря тому, что строительный раствор усилен арматурными стержнями.
8.Плотность этого образца цемента следует увеличить. Что нужно добавить в него: заполнитель или вяжущее вещество?
9.Зрители видели, что артист цирка согнул арматурный прут.
10.Металлическая пресс-форма считается лучшей для процесса формовки глиняных кирпичей, не говоря уже о шлаковых.
11.Говорят, что древние египтяне были первыми, кто использовал имеющиеся в наличии природные материалы, такие как песок, камень, глину, в строительных целях.
12.Дисциплина «Сопротивление материалов» кажется одной из самых сложных для многих студентов технических вузов.
13.Работодатель высоко оценил работу студента, что дало ему возможность получать увеличенную зарплату.
14.Чтобы рассчитать правильные размеры опор моста, способных выдерживать опорное давление, применяются различные технические приспособления.
15.Выполнение этих лабораторных работ позволит студентам научиться рассчитывать различные виды напряжения, натяжения (деформации), разрушения, не говоря уже о прочности.
XI. Write down an essay (speak) about any building material you consider to be the best for a wide range of construction purposes. Try to use as many different infinitives as possible.
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