Внеаудиторное чтение по английскому языку. Учебное пособие
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1… measures people.
2… they do about the budget deficit.
3… to get people back to work and paying taxes.
4… loss of morale and status, shame, sickness and premature death.
5… a small price to pay for more jobs".
6… a price worth paying.
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a) figures |
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c) assume |
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b) rate |
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a) inflation |
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c) society |
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b) seize |
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c) recovery |
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b) fiddle |
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b) reduction |
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b, a, g, e, c, f, h, d. |
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10.5 |
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Newspaper headlines are screaming out the news of record petrol prices in the |
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UK.
2 Oil prices have surged by more than 12 % since the start of the year to hit $125 a barrel and some analysts see them pushing even higher to $150.
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3Alan Clarke, UK and eurozone economist at Scotiabank in London, gives Britons 10 reasons not to be cheerful about the oil price jump.
4If oil rises sharply, it is more likely than not that household energy bills will rise at some point.
5This is because utility providers will get lots of bad press, but not much increase in profit margins as households switch off their central heating for summer.
6Higher agricultural prices typically mean higher food prices in household shopping baskets.
7High inflation makes it hard for the Bank of England to support economic growth through low interest rates.
8Increased expenditure on food and energy as their prices rise leaves less spare cash to spend on 'fun stuff' i.e. discretionary goods such as TVs and clothing.
9The great hope for 2012 is that slowing inflation will help growth to resume an upward trajectory.
10Public anger at the rising cost of fuel could provoke blockades and strikes.
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1… see them pushing even higher to $150.
2… will rise at some point.
3… since these can be used as a substitute for oil.
4… low interest rates.
5… to pay for food or energy.
6… government outlays on unemployment benefits. 10.8
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b) petrol |
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b) savings |
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c) concern |
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b) support |
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b) price |
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c) resume |
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a) hikes |
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a) drop |
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c) substitute |
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10 c) disruption |
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b, e, f, d, a, h, g, c. |
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1Barclays shareholders’ met in London last month.
2Between 2007 and the end of last year shareholders in banks globally have lost almost 10% of their investment each year.
3“The little secret to doing well…has been ‘just don’t hold banks’,” says Jacob de Tusch-Lec.
4Sharp falls in shareholder value should worry investors, businesses and households that need a healthy banking system to keep credit flowing.
5There are three reasons why the banks have been such a bad bet.
6Weakness in Western economies has led to elevated losses.
7Returns on equity have fallen precipitously, from about 15 % before the crisis to below 10 % now.
8Regulators hope better-capitalised banks will be less volatile and more
attractive.
9Deeper savings can be made by reducing layers of management and title creep.
10European lenders have managed to reduce their overall cost-to-income ratio only to about 62 % from 69 % since the mid-1990s.
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1… fall by almost 28 % a year.
2… to consider buying it.
3… the banking system will have to shrink or be nationalised.
4… funding costs and depressing returns.
5…10 % in Britain and 9 % in America.
6…62 % from 69 % since the mid-1990s, an average improvement of 0,3 % a
year.
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1 b) 2007 |
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2 c) 20 % |
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7 c) British |
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3 a) banks |
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8 a) 12-15% |
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4 a) fall |
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9 b) European |
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5 b) three |
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10 c) sold |
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d, c, a, h, f, g, b, e. |
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1One road leads to the full break-up of the euro, with all its economic and political repercussions. The other involves an unprecedented transfer of wealth across Europe’s borders and, in return, a corresponding surrender of sovereignty.
2Only if Europeans share a sense of common purpose a grand deal to save the single currency will be seen as legitimate.
3Europe’s choice will be made in Berlin.
4A move towards federalism troubles many Europeans.
5A break-up, many argue, would allow individual countries to restore control over monetary policy.
6A cheaper currency would help match wages with workers’ productivity, for a while at least.
7Capital controls are illegal in the EU.
8Without the movement of goods, people or capital, little of the EU would
remain.
9The ECB’s support for the banks cannot prevent the weak economies of Spain, Portugal, Italy and Ireland from enfeebling their banks and governments.
10Taken as a whole, the stock of euro-zone public debt is 87 % of GDP
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1… keep wayward governments on the path of reform.
2… a rescue demands more.
3… switch into a new currency.
4… the whole union would be cast into legal limbo.
5… Friday-night drunks.
6… compared with over 100% in America.
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1 a) two |
6 c) euro |
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2 b) 60 |
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3 c) Greece |
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4 a) banks |
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5 a) EU |
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13.1 |
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8,5,1,3,2,7,4,6,9,10. |
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13.4 |
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13.5 |
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Oil prices, at around $125 for a barrel of Brent crude, are so high. |
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Iraq—and Iran itself—have vast oilfields that could eventually provide markets |
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with millions more barrels a day (b/d). |
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Between 2000 and 2010 China increased its consumption of oil more than any |
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other country, by 4.3 m b/d, a 90 % jump. |
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The Saudis consume 35,1 barrels each. |
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demography. Populations in the Persian Gulf, and in OPEC as a whole, are growing fast. The second relates to economic structure. It takes energy to produce energy: pumps must be powered and vast quantities of seawater desalinated.
The third reason for rising Gulf consumption is the inefficiency of domestic energy markets. Some 65 % of Saudi electricity is generated using black gold, even as successive
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price shocks and the relative inefficiency of oil generation have seen it all but phased out in rich countries.
6 According to the International Energy Agency, global oil subsidies added up to
$192 billion in 2010. OPEC countries accounted for $121 billion of the total.
7 Saudi Arabia has the cheapest fuel in the Gulf and dirt-cheap electricity, too. This has alleviated poverty but it has also encouraged an American-style driving culture (for men) and limited public transport. Only a third as many Saudis own cars as Americans; as
they get richer many more will take to the desert highways.
8 Much of the “unassociated” gas that doesn’t spew out alongside oil is tough to extract, and would require prices four or five times higher than now to make it worthwhile.
9 Saudi Arabia is trying to develop nuclear and solar energy. But its fleet of oil-fired
power stations will keep going for years. |
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The longer-term picture is equally worrying. Global demand for oil is projected |
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to rise to over 100 m b/d by 2030. |
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13.7
1… oilfields that could eventually provide markets with millions more barrels a day (b/d).
2… by 56 % in the first decade of the century, four times the global growth rate and nearly double the rate in Asia.
3… the average Iranian and Saudi was getting through roughly 30 % more by the end of the decade.
4… the relative inefficiency of oil generation have seen it all but phased out in rich countries.
5… oil is tough to extract, and would require prices four or five times higher than now to make it worthwhile.
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6 … and a sniffiness about gas as oil’s poor relation mean that exploiting its bounty (Saudi Arabia apparently has the world’s fifth-largest gas reserves) has proven hard.
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c) country’s energy |
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b) black gold |
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b) six |
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c) energy |
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Glossary
Unit 1
1Becalm - make (someone) tranquil and quiet; soothe.
2Bluntly - (of a person or remark) uncompromisingly forthright.
3Brink - a point at which something, typically an unwelcome or disastrous event, is about to happen.
4Chancellor - a senior state or legal official; the head of the government in some European countries, such as Germany.
5Enhance - intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent
of.
6Expel - deprive (someone) of membership of or involvement in a school or other organization; force (someone) to leave a place, esp. a country.
7Favour - an attitude of approval or liking; support or advancement given as a sign of approval.
8Firewall - any barrier that is intended to thwart the spread of a destructive
agent.
9Fiscal - of or relating to government revenue, esp. taxes and relating to financial matters.
10Hawkish – military intended.
11Implement - put (a decision, plan, agreement, etc.) into effect.
12Invective - insulting, abusive, or highly critical language.
13Leftover -something, esp. food, remaining after the rest has been used or
consumed.
14Lobby - a room, providing a space out of which one or more other rooms or corridors lead, typically one near the entrance of a public building; a group of people seeking to influence politicians or public officials on a particular issue.
15Mock - tease or laugh at in a scornful or contemptuous; make (something) seem laughably unreal or impossible.
16Novice - a person new to or inexperienced in a field or situation.
17Obstacle - a thing that blocks one's way or prevents or hinders progress.
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18Pending - awaiting decision or settlement; about to happen; imminent.
19Praise - express one's respect and gratitude toward (a deity).
20Predecessor - a person who held a job or office before the current holder.
21Prop up - position something underneath (someone or something) for support.
22Slippage - failure to meet a standard or deadline: the extent of this.
23Summit - a meeting between heads of government.
24Treaty - a formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries.
25Wary - feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems.
26Worrisome - causing anxiety or concern.
27Yield - produce or provide (a natural, agricultural, or industrial product).
Unit 2
1Backward - in reverse of the usual direction or order.
2Boost - help or encourage (something) to increase or improve.
3Burden - a duty or misfortune that causes hardship, anxiety, or grief; the main responsibility for achieving a specified aim or task.
4Cede - give up (power or territory); cease making an effort; resign oneself to
failure.
5Collapse - a sudden failure of an institution or undertaking.
6Crawl - move slowly along a surface; move at an unusually slow pace.
7Crunch - crush (a hard or brittle foodstuff) with the teeth, making a loud but muffled grinding sound.
8Eradicate - destroy completely; put an end to.
9Rewind – wind back to the beginning.
10Rumble - move in the specified direction with a resonant sound.
11Scar - a lasting effect of grief, fear, or other emotion left on a person's character by a traumatic experience; a mark left on something following damage of some kind.
12Sluggish - slow-moving or inactive a sluggish stream; lacking energy or alertness; slow to respond or make progress.
13Wipe away - If you wipe away or wipe off dirt or liquid from something, you remove it, for example by using a cloth or your hand.
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