Вводный курс английского языка для гидрографов. Практикум

2)… is ship’s width: a) Beam;

b) Depth; c) Keel.

3)… is a vertical plane of the ship: a) Base line;

b) Midships; c) Center line.

4)… is a horizontal plane perpendicular to the center line: a) Base line;

b) Water line; c) Midships.

5)… is a principal structural member of the ship running length way along a center line from bow astern:

a) Bow; b) Keel; c) Stern.

6)… is an intersection of the surface of the water a ship is floated in:

a)Center line;

b)Base line;

c)Water line.

7) K (point) is located …:

a)in the intersection of a center line and a base line;

b)between bow and stern;

c)in the intersection of a water line and a center line.

8) DWL is a design of …:

a)water line;

b)deadweight;

c)width.

31

9)… determines DWL: a) Deck officer;

b) Marine engineer; c) Marine architect.

10)… represents full load of the ship under maximum draft condition: a) Design water line;

b) Draft; c) Depth.

11)… is a horizontal point halfway between forward and aft perpendiculars:

a) Height; b) Midships; c) Draft.

12)… is a total horizontal distance between forward and aft perpendiculars:

a) LOA; b) LBP; c) DWL.

13)… is a total length of a ship:

a)LOA;

b)LBP;

c)DWT.

14)LOA is … LBP: a) shorter than;

b) a little longer than; c) equal to.

15)… distances are measured from one of three places: the forward perpendicular, the aft perpendicular or midships:

a) Horizontal; b) Transverse; c) Longitudinal.

32

16)Transverse is the … direction across a beam of the ship: a) horizontal;

b) longitudinal; c) vertical.

17)Transverse distances are measured port or starboard from a …: a) center line;

b) midships; c) water line.

18)DWL is …:

a)deadweight line;

b)design water line;

c)depth water line.

19) LOA is …:

a)longitudinal length;

b)longitudinal distance;

c)length over all.

20) LBP is …:

a)length between perpendiculars;

b)longitudinal distance between port and starboard side;

c)longitudinal beam point.

21)Sides of the ship are called …: a) right and left;

b) port and starboard; c) positive and negative.

22)Distances on board ship are measured in three directions: … a) longitudinally, transversally and vertically;

b) upward, downward and towards a centerline; c) westward, eastward and southward.

33

23)AP and FP are …: a) vertical lines;

b) horizontal lines; c) water lines.

24)Vertical distances of a ship are measured …: a) downward from the center line;

b) towards a centerline;

c) upward from a baseline.

25)Depth, beam, center line, base line, keel, water line, forward perpendicular, aft perpendicular, midships, length between perpendiculars, length over all are …:

a) standard terms used to describe ship’s hull; b) main commercial terms;

c) business ship’s terms.

3.Translate these sentences from Russian into English:

1) Что такое корпус судна?

2) Из чего сделан корпус судна?

3) Имеет ли судно высокую степень надежности?

4) Почему судно должно иметь высокую степень надежности?

5) Из каких частей состоит судно?

6) Судно идет кормой.

7) Судно идет носом.

8) Руль дает возможность судну держать курс.

9) Судну нужен буксир.

10) Судно испытывает килевую качку.

4.Brush up your grammar:

1. Who … watch at 4 o’clock yesterday?

а) kept;

b)is keeping;

c)was keeping.

34

2.Where … you … now? a) are … proceeding;

b) do … proceed; c) did … proceed.

3.Why … you … a navigating bridge yesterday? a) did / left;

b) did / leave;

c) were / leaving.

4.We normally … at oil terminal.

a)are mooring;

b)moor;

c)will moor.

5.They … to sea soon. a) are going;

b) go; c) went.

6.… you study English at school? a) are;

b) does; c) did.

7.Look! This tanker … still … oil. a) is … unloading;

b) are … unloading; c) will … unload.

8.I … at school in 2006.

a)study;

b)studied;

c)was studying.

35

9.My friends … English very well. a) speak;

b) speaks; c) spoke.

10.His father … to sea in a month. a) goes;

b) went; c) will go.

11.What vessel … the port now? a) are approaching;

b) is approaching; c) approaches.

12.What port … your vessel … now? a) is / proceeding;

b) are / proceeding; c) does / proceed.

13.… he … on the navigating bridge yesterday? a) Does / keep watch;

b) Did / kept watch; c) Did / keep watch.

14.Their crew normally … ashore in this port. a) goes;

b) go;

c) are going.

15.Cadets … a training ship soon.

a)visited;

b)were visiting;

c)will visit.

36

16.… your friend study English at the university? a) do;

b) does; c) is.

17.Listen! Master … English with an Agent.

a)is speaking;

b)speaks;

c)speak.

18.I … school in 2012. a) was finishing;

b) finished; c) finish.

19.My friend … English text from 2 to 5 o’clock yesterday. a) translated;

b) was translating; c) were translating.

20.We … to anchor in this position.

a)will be going;

b)are going;

c)is going.

21.He … to St. Petersburg to enter the State University. a) came;

b) come; c) comes.

22.The dockers … loading in two days.

a)is finishing;

b)will finish;

c)will be finishing.

37

23.The sailors … ashore in every port. a) go;

b) will go; c) goes.

24.The ship … at that port yesterday. a) was calling;

b) called;

c) were calling.

25.Can you hear those people? What … they … about? a) are / talking;

b) do / talk; c) did / talk.

26.He … all day yesterday.

a)was working;

b)were working;

c)worked.

27.… you see the ship which is entering the port? a) are;

b) do; c) did.

28.We … the engine tomorrow.

a)are repairing;

b)repaired;

c)repair.

29.The pilot … still … for our vessel. a) do / wait;

b) is / waiting; c) are / waiting.

30.Where is your friend? — He … his exam now. a) are taking;

b) takes;

c) is taking.

38

UNIT 5. TYPES OF SHIPS

1. Work at this text. Be ready to speak about types of ships.

Merchant vessels are ships that are primarily used either for carrying cargo or passengers.

Merchant vessels come in different sizes and shapes. It can be as small as a 6 m (20 ft) long diving boat, or as big as ultra large crude carriers (ULCC) that can be up to 415 m (1,361 ft) long. They are the main tool of ocean transportation, carrying crude oil and goods throughout the world, in varied sizes of tankers, containers and bulk carriers.

Almost all countries in the world possess and operate merchant ships. Currently, the Greek merchant fleet is the largest in the world accounting for over

16% of the world’s total tonnage.

Merchant vessels can be divided into different categories according to their size and purpose.

Dry cargo ship is a term generally used for bulk carriers and container ships. While bulk carriers are used in the transportation of bulk cargo such as grains, coal, ores and cement, container ships are normally used for carrying miscellaneous goods.

Bulk carriers are primarily used in carrying unpackaged bulk cargo items including grains, ores, cement and other similar cargo. They comprise of 40 % of the merchant fleets in the world.

Container ships are ocean vessels that carry goods in large containers. They play a dominant role in international trade.

Tankers are used for transporting crude oil, finished petroleum products, liquefied natural gas (LNG), chemicals and other liquids in bulk. They play an important role in international trade with a share of over 33 % of the world tonnage. Tankers come in varied sizes ranging from handysize tankers to ultra large crude carriers (ULCC) with a size ranging between 320,000 to 500,000 DWT.

Passenger ships are primarily used for carrying passengers. It also includes cruise ships that are mainly used for pleasure voyages.

Specialized ships are designed to transport specific goods such as vehicles and machinery.

Offshore vessels are specially designed ships for transporting goods and personnel to offshore oil platform that operate deep in oceans. The size of these vessels ranges between 20 meters and 100 meters. They are good at accomplishing a variety of tasks in the supply chain.

39

2.Answer the questions. Then pose them to your colleague:

1) What are the main categories of merchant ships?

2) What are bulk carriers?

3) What are containers ships?

4) What can you say about tankers?

5) Do tankers carry dangerous cargoes? What cargoes do they carry?

3.Agree or disagree. Use these phrases:

I completely / absolutely agree with you. I totally agree with you. I am of the same opinion. I am of a different opinion because … I cannot agree with this idea. I cannot share this.

1)Ultra large crude carriers are the main tool of ocean transportation.

2)Offshore vessels transport the goods along the coast of one country.

3)Tankers play an important role in international trade with a share of over 33 % of the world tonnage.

4)Bulk carriers are primarily used in carrying packaged cargo items.

5)Container ships are normally used for carrying miscellaneous goods.

4. Translate the following sentences:

1)Торговые суда бывают различных размеров и форм.

2)Танкеры перевозят сырую нефть по всему миру.

3)Какие категории торговых судов вы знаете?

4)Для чего предназначены оффшорные суда?

5)Навалочные суда перевозят зерно, уголь, цемент, руду.

5. Brush up your grammar:

1)He … to St. Petersburg next year. a) came;

b) comes;

c) is coming.

2)As a rule, the crewmen … the holds after discharging. a) clean;

b) are cleaning; c) cleans.

40