Вводный курс английского языка для гидрографов. Практикум

3)Our teacher … all test papers to the cadets 2 hours ago. a) passed;

b) pass;

c) has passed.

4)… he keep watch?

a)do;

b)is;

c)does.

5)… you prepare vessel for hydrographic operations? a) does;

b) are; c) did.

6)My sister … on the telephone all day yesterday.

a)is talking;

b)was talking;

c)talked.

7)… you issue shore passes? a) are;

b) does; c) do.

8)What documents … Agent require? a) is;

b) does; c) do.

9)Listen! He … English with my friend. a) was speaking;

b) speaks;

c) is speaking.

11

10)Our vessel … a port at 10 o’clock. a) is leaving;

b) will be leaving; c) leave.

11)They … already … the receipt of your letter. a) are confirming;

b) have confirmed; c) has confirmed.

12)While my teacher … my test I was looking through my Student’s

Record Book.

a) was checking; b) is checking;

c) will be checking.

13)What … you doing at 2 o’clock yesterday?

a)did;

b)was;

c)were.

14)Have you ever … London? a) visited;

b) visit;

c) visiting.

15)He has never … with foreigners before? a) spoke;

b) speak; c) spoken.

16)Where … you …?

a)are proceeding;

b)does proceed;

c)is proceeding.

12

17)Yesterday evening when I was discussing our plans for shipboard training the telephone … .

a) ring; b) rung; c) rang.

18)What … you … tonight?

a)are doing;

b)were doing;

c)did do.

19)Yesterday I … to the Company President about my promotion. a) speak;

b) spoken; c) spoke.

20)This cadet … just … from Novorossiysk.

a)are arriving;

b)has arrived;

c)have arrived.

21)I … in Spain last year. a) am;

b) will be; c) was.

22)He … deal with hydrographic equipment. a) doesn’t;

b) don’t; c) isn’t.

• Choose correct interpretation:

1) Мы выходим в море через 2 часа.

a)We will get underway in 2 hours;

b)We are getting underway in 2 hours;

c)We get underway in 2 hours.

13

2)Наше судно покинет Новороссийск через 3 дня. a) Our vessel will leave Novorossiysk in 3 days;

b) Our vessel is leaving Novorossiysk in 3 days;

c) Our vessel will be leaving Novorossiysk in 3 days.

3)Кто примет метеосводку, если вахтенный будет занят?

a)Who will receive weather report if OOW (Officer Of the Watch) will be busy;

b)Who will receive weather report if OOW is late;

c)Who will be receiving weather report if OOW is late.

4)Что вы делаете сегодня вечером? a) What are you doing tonight?

b) What will you do tonight? c) What do you do tonight?

5)Я думаю, завтра будет дождь.

a)I think it will rain tomorrow;

b)I think it will be raining tomorrow;

c)I think it is raining tomorrow.

14

UNIT 2. WEATHER

1. Read this useful information:

1.1. In English, we usually use it is when we talk about the weather.

This is normally: It is + adjective OR It is + verb-ing.

It is + adjective = A description of the weather.

•It is sunny today.

•It's hot and humid today.

•It's a nice day today. We can also say:

It is a + adjective + day (or morning / afternoon / night).

•It's a fine day.

•It's a windy afternoon.

It is + verb-ing = This type of weather is happening now.

•It's drizzling outside.

•It's snowing.

•Take an umbrella, it's raining.

You can also use it is in different tenses

•It was cold yesterday.

•It will be cloudy tomorrow.

1.2. When you are learning vocabulary about the weather, it is important to remember that some of the words have a noun form, a verb form and / or an adjective form.

For example:

•Rain: (noun) The game was cancelled because of the rain.

•Rain: (verb) I think it is going to rain later.

•Rainy: (adjective) It's a rainy day.

15

1.3. Many times when we are talking about the weather, we can add the letter Y to the end of a noun to make it an adjective.

•rain (noun) — rainy (adjective);

•sun (noun) — sunny (adjective);

•wind (noun) — windy (adjective);

•cloud (noun) — cloudy (adjective);

•fog (noun) — foggy (adjective).

1.4. Questions about the weather

People commonly ask about the weather by saying:

•What's it like out(side)?

•How's the weather?

•What's the weather like?

•What's the temperature?

•What's the weather forecast?

2. Please learn phrases and sentences below and try to complete your own examples:

Model: It’s rather frosty. Everything is freezing.

•It’s rather damp — достаточно влажно;

•cloudy — облачный;

•strength / force of the wind — сила ветра;

•moist air — сырой, влажный воздух;

•to drizzle — моросить (о дожде);

•It is drizzling — моросит дождь;

•cloudless — безоблачный;

•frost — мороз;

•hard frost — сильный мороз;

•a snowflake — снежинка;

•slippery — скользкий, ненадежный;

•to freeze — замерзать, мерзнуть;

•thunderstorm — гроза;

•It’s warm — тепло;

•It’s hot — жарко;

16

•It’s cool — прохладно;

•It’s chilly — прохладно, свежо;

•It’s foggy — туманно;

•It’s rainy — дождливо;

•It’s snowy — снежно;

•It’s windy — ветрено;

•It’s sunny — солнечно;

•rainfalls — осадки в виде дождя;

•snowfalls — осадки в виде снега, снегопад;

•hail — град;

•hurricane — ураган;

•wind of hurricane force — ветер ураганной силы;

•shower — ливень;

•breeze; gentle wind — легкий ветер бриз;

•gale; strong wind — сильный ветер;

•to blow — дуть (о ветре);

•variable cloud — переменная облачность;

•mist and fog — дымка (слабый туман);

•fog patches — местами туман;

•dense(thick) fog — густой туман;

•It is raining heavily (hard) — идет сильный дождь;

•moisture — влажность, сырость, влага;

•humidity — влажность.

3. Translate the following sentences into English using the words above:

1)Климат в нашем регионе достаточно влажный. Небо облачное.

2)Какова сила ветра?

3)Воздух сырой?

4)Небо безоблачное.

5)Дождь моросит.

6)Снег тает.

7)Дорога скользкая.

8)Какая сегодня влажность воздуха?

9)Мы наблюдаем туман местами.

10)Дует сильный ветер.

17

4. Study this. Complete your own weather outlook.

Light easterly or variable wind tonight and rain or rainshowers in most parts of Iceland.

East 8–15 m/s in the south part tomorrow and light rain, but calmer winds and mostly fair in the north.

Temperature 8 to 15 deg. C. tomorrow.

Forecast made: 12.05.2018 15:01. Valid until: 14.05.2018 00:00.

Weather forecast for the next several days

On Monday:

Becoming west and southwest 8–13 m/s with rain, but sleet in the mountains. Becoming colder, temperature 2 to 7 degrees C in the afternoon. Rather lighter wind and clearing in the northeast with temperature up to 14 deg. C, but becoming colder there in the evening.

On Tuesday:

Southwest 8–13 m/s, but lighter variable wind in the east. Rain or sleet at times in most parts of the country and snow in the mountains. Temperature 2 to 7 deg. C.

On Wednesday:

Southwest 5–10 m/s and some rain, but fair in the north and east. Temperature widley 5 to 10 deg. C.

On Thursday:

Becoming strong southeast wind with rain, but mainly dry in the northeast. Temperature 6 to 14 deg. C, warmest in the northeast. Southwesterly wind in the evening with rainshowers and falling temperature.

On Friday:

Looks like south wind with rainshowers in the south and west, but dry and fair elsewhere. Temperature 4 to 10 deg. C, warmest in the northeast.

Forecast made: 12.05.2018 10:38. Valid until: 19.05.2018 12:00.

5. Look at the following groups or pairs of words and discuss what the difference is between them:

•snow, sleet and hail;

•a storm and a blizzard;

18

•a breeze, a gale and a hurricane;

•flooding and droughts;

•mist and fog;

•a shower and sunny spells;

•rain and humidity;

•a hurricane and a tornado.

6. Collocations. It is useful to know which adjectives collocate strongly with which nouns. For example, we don’t say “strong rain”, but “heavy rain”.

Can you match an adjective below in column A to a noun in column B so that they form strong collocations? In some cases, there will be more than one possibility.

Use a monolingual dictionary to help you.

7. Learn vocabulary about the weather in English and ask your colleague to explain any of these words and phrases. Pose your question to anybody under the models:

What do you mean by….? How would you explain …? What the meaning of…?

Clear or Cloudy

Bright: (adjective) full of light; when the sun is shining strongly. Sunny: (adjective) the sun is shining and there are no clouds.

19

Clear: (adjective) without clouds. Fine: (adjective) not raining, clear sky.

Partially cloudy: (adjective) when there is a mixture of both blue sky and clouds. Cloudy: (adjective) with many clouds in the sky.

Overcast: (adjective) covered with cloud; dull.

Gloomy: (adjective) with dark clouds and dull light; some people consider this weather depressing.

Sometimes the cloud lowers to ground level and it becomes harder to see…

Fog (noun) / foggy (adjective): thick cloud close to land.

Mist (noun) / misty (adjective): light fog, often on the sea or caused by drizzle. Haze (noun) / hazy (adjective): light mist, usually caused by heat.

Types of Rain

Damp: (adjective) slightly wet (often after the rain has stopped). Drizzle: (verb / noun) to rain lightly with very fine drops. Shower: (noun) a short period of rain.

Rain: (verb / noun) water that falls from the clouds in drops. Downpour: (noun) heavy rain.

Pour: (verb) to have heavy rain.

It's raining cats and dogs: (Idiom) To rain heavily.

Torrential rain: (noun) very heavy rain.

Flood: (verb / noun) to become covered in water usually due to excessive rain.

Cold stuff

Hail: (verb) when frozen rain falls as small balls of ice (hailstones). Hailstones: (noun) the small hard balls of ice that fall from the sky. Snow: (noun / verb) frozen rain that falls from the sky as soft snowflakes. Snowflake: (noun) an individual piece of snow.

Sleet: (noun / verb) snow or hail mixed with rain (often with some wind). Blizzard: (noun) severe snowstorm with strong winds.

Types of Wind

Breeze: a gentle wind (often nice or refreshing).

Blustery: blowing (strong) gusts of wind.

20