Английский язык (Пищевой профиль). Учебное пособие

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РФ

____________

ФГБОУ ВО «ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ

УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ»

А.А. ДРЮЧЕНКО, Е.В. КОЗЫРЕНКО, О.В. МЯКУШКИНА, М.В. ИВЛЕВА

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

(ПИЩЕВОЙ ПРОФИЛЬ)

(Бакалавриат)

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

ВОРОНЕЖ

2018

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РФ

____________

ФГБОУ ВО «ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ

УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИНЖЕНЕРНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ»

А.А. ДРЮЧЕНКО, Е.В. КОЗЫРЕНКО, О.В. МЯКУШКИНА, М.В. ИВЛЕВА

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

(ПИЩЕВОЙ ПРОФИЛЬ)

ENGLISH

(Food Technology)

(Baccalaureate)

2-е издание, переработанное и дополненное

Утверждено редакционно-издательским советом университета

в качестве учебного пособия

ВОРОНЕЖ

2018

УДК (811.111+407):664(075.8) ББК Ш12 = 432.1я7

А64

Научный редактор доцент Е.А. ЧИГИРИН

Р е ц е н з е н т ы :

кафедра иностранных языков Воронежского государственного лесотехнического университета;

канд. пед. наук С.В. СПИРИДОНОВА (Воронежский институт экономики и социального управления)

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета

Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий

Английский язык (Пищевой профиль) [Текст] : учеб.

А64 пособ. / А. А. Дрюченко, Е. В. Козыренко, О. В. Мякушкина, М. В. Ивлева; Воронеж. гос. ун-т. инж. технол. -2-е изд., перераб. и доп. – Воронеж : ВГУИТ, 2018. – 259 с.

ISBN 978-5-00032-366-3

теоретические знания дисциплины «Иностранный язык» цикла Б1. Оно предназначено для развития навыков и умений межличностной и межкультурной коммуникации .

Оригинал-макет данного издания является собственностью Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий, его репродуцирование (воспроизведение) любым способом без согласия университета запрещается.

соответствующим направления подготовки бакалавров.

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UNIT I. FOOD TECHNOLOGY

TEXT A

Pre-Text Exercises

I. Read and translate the following international words paying attention to the part of speech:

Industry, product, private, public, olive, modern, chemical, technology, section, fermentation, crystal, commercial, basis, process, machine, transportation, assortment, macaroni, vitamin, coffee, technological, method, material, vacuum, electric, energy, radiation, mechanical, microorganism, protein, form, texture.

II. Read and translate the following words according to the meaning of the words given in brackets:

Particularly (particular – особенный, исключительный), defined (to define – определять, устанавливать), developed (to develop – развивать), widely (wide – широкий), production (to produce – производить), actually (actual – фактический, реальный), fermentation (to ferment – бродить), making (to make – делать, производить), brewing (to brew – варить), baking (to bake –

печь, выпекать), discovery (to discover – делать открытие,

открывать), growth (to grow – расти), processing (to process –

обрабатывать, перерабатывать), improvement (to improve –

улучшать, совершенствовать), transportation (to transport – перевозить, транспортировать), refrigeration (to refrigerate –

охлаждать, замораживать), storage (to store – хранить, сохранять), packaging (to package – упаковывать), assortment (to assort –

сортировать, классифицировать), varied (to vary – разниться, отличаться; разнообразить), canned (to can – консервировать), treating (to treat – обрабатывать), pressure (to press – нажимать, давить), invisible (visible – видимый, явный), technological (technology – технология), mechanical (mechanic – механик), sticky (to stick – приклеивать, липнуть), recoagulate (to coagulate –

свёртываться, коагулировать), fibrous (fiber – волокно, нить), fabricated (to fabricate – собирать из отдельных частей, компоновать).

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III. Look up the following words and word combinations in the dictionary. Remember their meaning and practise their pronunciation.

An ancient industry, a food enterprise, the experience of generations, a trade guild, cane sugar, beet sugar, wine making, beer brewing, bread baking, manufacture of vinegar, to develop in full, raw materials, an enzyme, soya bean proteins, to dissolve, an alkali, to extrude, a beef muscle tissue, to interlace, flavouring, indistinguishable, to dehydrate, to compress.

IV. Translate the following participles. Give the verbs from which they are derived, making the necessary transformations.

Dealing, defined, developed, sold, bought, manufactured, extending, considered, published, processing, varied, canned, produced, used, based, made, dissolved, extruded, recoagulated, spun, approaching, fabricated, interlaced, dehydrated, compressed, processed.

V. Read the text. Be ready to dwell upon the origin of the food industry and its prospects nowadays.

FOOD INDUSTRY

History of the Food Industry

The food industry is a very ancient industry. Almost every branch of the food industry and particularly those dealing with grain and bread, meat and meat products, fish and fish products, was a well defined trade guild. The food industry developed from the experience of generations.

Milling and baking were well developed in ancient times. There were both private and public ovens for baking bread. Olive oil and honey were widely sold and bought. Cheese was manufactured thousands of years ago. Butter is also an ancient food.

The production of food, as an industry, actually has a history extending as far as the history of modern chemistry because it was considered a part of chemical technology. Thus the book «Chemical Technology» published in 1870 contained the following sections:

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starch, sugar manufacture, cane sugar, beet sugar, fermentation, wine making, beer brewing, bread baking, manufacture of vinegar, and essential oils.

Let's take some examples. In 1747 Margraff discovered crystals of sugar in the red beet and suggested that it might be possible to extract it on a commercial basis. Kirchhoff suggested the use of starch for sugar production in 1811.

The food industry developed in full with the growth of the processing industries and with improvement in food machines, transportation, refrigeration, storage and packaging.

Present Day Food Industry

The assortment of products of the food enterprises is a wide and varied one. Bread and macaroni, meat and fish products, milk and butter, canned foods and vitamins, sugar and sweets, tea and coffee, beer and wine and dozens and hundreds of other items are produced at the food mills and factories of the country.

The technological processes and methods of treating raw materials are wide and varied. The food enterprises use heat and refrigeration, high pressure and deep vacuum, electric energy and radiation.

While mechanical methods prevail at some enterprises, invisible chemists work at others - microorganisms and enzymes. They are used at such enterprises which are based on fermentation: bread-baking, production of beer, vinegar, wine.

The food industry produces such foods that look and taste like meat but are made from soya bean proteins. If soya bean proteins are dissolved in alkali they form a sticky liquid. This liquid may be extruded through tiny holes and then recoagulated in an acid bath in the form of fibers. The fibers then can be spun into ropes with texture approaching the fibrous texture of chicken or beef muscle tissue. The fabricated tissue then can be interlaced with fats, food flavouring and food colours. Products are almost indistinguishable from chicken meat, fish, ham or beef. The products also may be dehydrated, compressed or otherwise processed.

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Post-Text Exercises

I. Make up word combinations and translate them.

II. Give synonyms from the text to:

Production, part, old, concrete, to manufacture, various, up-to- date, to include, the variety of products, completely, treatment, plant.

III. a) Give English equivalents to:

Неотличимый, на коммерческой основе, пищевая промышленность, пищевое предприятие, сырьё, виноделие, хранение, упаковка, щелочь, замораживание, брожение, химическая технология, пивоварение, производство сахара, крахмал, консервированные продукты, хлебопечение, зерно.

b) Make up your own sentences with the words and word combinations given above.

IV. Answer the following questions to the text:

1. How did the food industry develop? 2. What is an ancient food? 3. When did the production of food, as an industry, begin?

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4. What did Margraff discover in 1747? 5. What did Kirchhoff suggest in 1811? 6. When did the food industry develop in full? 7. What is produced at the food mills and factories of the country?

V. Finish the following sentences summarizing the information from the text:

1. The title of the article is … . 2. From the article we know much about … . 3. The article can be divided into … . 4. The first part is devoted to … . 5. The next part describes … . 6. Special attention is given to … . 7. In the concluding part the author emphasizes … .

VI. Put the verbs in brackets into Participle I or II.

1. People in (develop) countries are concerned about the problem of obesity. 2. In a research study (conduct) by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in London, significant differences were found in the nutrient content of pasteurized milk in summer versus winter. 3. Food scientists work constantly to provide (improve) food products. 4. Cellulose is a carbohydrate, (contain) the elements present in starch in the same proportion. 5. Cellulose (use) in the diet is to give bulk and provide material for certain regulatory processes. 6. The ability to make fats from carbohydrates or similar materials is a characteristic of most living matter (include) plants. 7. Higher animals all have blood (contain) iron (bear) hemoglobin, to act as an oxygen carrier. 8. (Drink) water contains some of the minerals (need) by the body, such as calcium, iron, iodine, and sodium. 9. A healthy diet involves consuming nutrients by eating the appropriate amounts from all of the food groups, (include) an adequate amount of water. 10. For most people the (recommend) daily allowance of energy is 2,000 calories, but it depends on age, sex, height, weight, and physical activity.

VII. Find Participles I or II in the text and translate the sentences with them.

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TEXT B

Pre-Text Exercises

I. Read and translate the following international words paying attention to the part of speech:

Technologist, planning, materials, product, agricultural, industrial, channel, control, microbes, toxicity, central, profession, professional, biological, biochemical, processes, specialist, firm, laboratory, toxins, technology, technical, aspects, final, qualification, focuse, combination, physics, mathematics, analysis, hygiene, sanitization, optimum, theory, practice, spectrum, sector, potential, corporation, municipal, real, contact.

II. Try to remember the meaning of the following words and word combinations without looking into the dictionary. What part of speech are they?

Food tecgnologist, employment market, raw materials, finished product, trust in quality, ready-for-sale product, attractive packaging, food processing at industrial enterprises, a variety of distribution channels, stand up to controls, food safety, the highest concern, food additives, to perform testing, to develop a product, in order to ensure qualification, professional opportunities, quality control, solid scientific work, potential places of employment, as best prepared as possible, life science laboratories, research and development, useful contacts.

III. Call the processes the names of which are derived from the following verbs and translate them:

Plan, produce, consume, fill, pack, process, distribute, test, add, develop, harvest, slaughter, stydy, graduate, practice, employ, prepare, train, monitor, evaluate, consult, regulate, participate, qualify.

IV. Look up the following words and word combinations in the dictionary and make up your own sentences with them:

To be in demand, a graduate, highly skilled, to be responsible for, to be aware of, special skills, profound knowledge, ratio of theory and practice, participation in field work, provide with experience.

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