UNIT 3. DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS
STARTING UP
Comment on the picture above. What are the men doing?
Choose one of the statements and comment on it:
•Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of groups or states.
•Diplomacy without arms is like music without instruments.
•Diplomacy is the application of intelligence and tact to the conduct of official relations between the governments of independent states.
VOCABULARY
*A. Translate the sentences paying special attention to the words and expressions in bold. Practice their translation into Russian:
1. The Administration must ensure that parking places reserved for cars with diplomatic plates were not used by other vehicles.
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2.I will soon leave public life after 41 years in the diplomatic service of my country.
3.Robson was trying to be as diplomatic as possible – he didn't want to risk losing a promotion.
4.The governments of the USA and Iraq try to re-establish diplomatic relations.
5.To encourage the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo to fully resume diplomatic relations with all neighbours.
6.Paris has cut official diplomatic relations with China.
7.The authorities charged them with violations and called on them to renounce their diplomatic immunity.
8.The codification of diplomatic protection was essential.
9.These activities included meetings with and briefings of senior representatives of diplomatic missions.
10. The country's diplomatic corps is an important co-creator and a conduit for this policy.
READING
*A. Read the text about the diplomatic corps. Write down Russian equivalents for the expressions in bold:
The diplomatic corps is the collective body of foreign diplomats accredited to a particular country or body.
The diplomatic corps may, in certain contexts, refer to the collection of accredited heads of mission (ambassadors, high commissioners, and others) who represent their countries in another state or country. As a body, they usually only assemble to attend state functions like a coronation, inauguration, national day or State Opening of Parliament, depending on local custom. They may also assemble in the royal or presidential palace to give their own head of state's New Year greeting to the head of state of the country in which they are based.
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The term is sometimes confused with the collective body of diplomats from a particular country – the proper term for which is diplomatic service. The diplomatic corps is not always given any formal recognition by its host country, but can be referenced by official orders of precedence.
In many countries, and especially in Africa, the heads and the foreign members of the country offices of major international organizations (United Nations agencies, the European Union, the International Committee of the Red Cross, agencies of the African Union, etc.) are considered members – and granted the rights and privileges – of the diplomatic corps.
In some countries, the longest-serving ambassador to a country is given the title Dean, or Doyen, of the Diplomatic Corps and is sometimes accorded a high position in the order of precedence. In New Zealand, for example, the dean takes precedence over figures such as the deputy prime minister and former governors-general. In some places the role of senior diplomat is given to the head of the mission of the Holy See referred to as the apostolic nuncio, see below.
The diplomatic corps may also cooperate amongst itself on a number of matters, including certain dealings with the host government. In practical terms, the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps may have a role to play in negotiating with local authorities regarding the application of aspects of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and diplomatic immunity, such as the payment of certain fees or taxes, since the receiving country is required not to discriminate between states. In this sense, the dean has the role of representing the entire diplomatic corps for matters that affect the corps as a whole, although this function is rarely formalized.
**B. Match the diplomatic representatives with their proper definitions paying special attention to the words in bold type:
ambassador |
discuss something in order to reach an agreement |
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negotiate |
a government minister who can take the position of |
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acting prime minister when the prime minister is |
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temporarily absent |
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local authorities |
a senior official who discusses affairs with another |
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country on behalf of his or her own country, usually |
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working as a member of an embassy |
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deputy prime |
official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who |
minister |
represents a state and is usually accredited to another |
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sovereign state or to an international organization as the |
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resident representative of their own government |
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inauguration |
the act of placement or bestowal of a crown upon a |
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monarch's head. The term generally also refers not only |
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to the physical crowning but to the whole ceremony |
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wherein the act of crowning occurs |
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diplomat |
autonomous entities with their own statutes, powers |
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and functions |
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coronation |
the body of diplomats and foreign policy officers |
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maintained by the government of a country to |
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communicate with the governments of other countries |
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diplomatic |
a formal ceremony or special event to mark either: the |
service |
beginning of a major public leader's term of office, or. |
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the opening or first public use of a new civic area, |
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organization or project |
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GRAMMAR:
Modals MUST, HAVE TO, NEED, SHOULD
We use must and have to when we want to say that it is important to do something:
Today our company is having an annual meeting with our main sponsors. I must / have to be on time.
But sometimes must and have to have a different meaning:
Must is more personal describing our personal feelings.
I must do something because it is important to me.
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Have to is impersonal describing facts, circumstances.
I have to do something because of the situation or circumstances:
You can’t go now. You have to leave because your boss is waiting for your report.
Mustn’t and don’t have to are completely different:
You mustn’t do something = it is necessary not to do it:
You mustn’t tell lies to your mom.
You don’t have to do something = there is no need to do it:
You don’t have to go to the court. I will cope to present the case alone.
Needn’t
“You needn’t do something” = it is not necessary to do it:
You needn’t buy this book. I will lend it to you.
Should
You should do something = it is the right thing to do.
We use should when you give advice or an opinion:
You look nervous. Be more quiet.
“You shouldn't do something” = it isn’t a good thing to do:
He shouldn’t go there. It is very dangerous.
*A. Use MUST / MUSTN’T / HAVE TO or (NOT) HAVE TO:
1.I may not leave home tomorrow because I ……………… school.
2.You ……. touch that boiler. It’s very hot.
3.You ………………….. forget what I told you. It’s very important.
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4.We ………………………….. leave yet. We’ve got plenty of time.
5.Ann was feeling ill last night. She ………………. leave the party
early.
6.I ……………………….. go to the bank yesterday to get some
money.
*B. Fill in the blanks using proper Have To structure and match the examples with the pictures:
1.I work in an office. I ___________ (send) emails and offers to all our clients.
2.My employee ___ (prepare) all the delicious dishes for the guest from foreign countries.
3.She ___________ (take care) of children when their parents aren’t
at home.
4.Her uncle is always on the move. He ______ (deliver) all the letters
on time.
5.There’s a lot of crime on the streets and he ____________ (protect) good people from the bad ones.
6.He _________________ (drive) children to school every morning.
*C. Use a suitable present or past MODAL AUXILIARY:
1.I can’t find my book. I ………………….. (leave) it on the bus.
2.They don’t answer their phone; they … (go) away on their vaca-
tion.
3.John went to the movies last night, but he ………… (stay) at home and …………….. (prepare) his lessons.
4.The lights have gone out. A fuse ……………. (blow).
5.She …………………………………. (go) to school. It’s Saturday.
6.You were stupid to go skiing here. You ……… (break) your leg.
**D. Say what diplomatic agents must or mustn’t do.
***E. Comment on the following famous quotation:
An ambassador is an honest man sent to lie abroad for the good of his country. (Henry Wotton, 1568 – 1639, an English poet, diplomat.)
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