What are polymers (Что такое полимеры). Учебное пособие
.pdf5)Starch is a biopolymer comprising predominantly of two polysaccharides - amylose and amylopectin.
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3 ! 9 «Biopolymers»
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biosphere |
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sugar monomers |
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petroleum-based polymers |
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quickly metabolized |
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environmentally friendly |
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sugar residue |
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cellulose |
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genetic instructions |
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DNA strands |
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to be synthesized |
2. Translate sentences into Russian:
1)Well-known biopolymers are starch, proteins, DNA, and RNA, making up the majority of the biosphere.
2)Biopolymers have an evenly distributed set of molecular weights and are built using a template-directed process.
3)The DNA double helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the bases attached to the two strands.
4)Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is found in animals and is composed of a branched chain of glucose residues.
5)Each amylopectin molecule is branched and contains up to two million glucose residues.
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3 ! 10 «Research methods in polymer chemistry»
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infrared spectrum |
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small angle X-ray scattering |
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gel permeation chromatography |
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number average molecular weight |
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polymer samples |
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Fourier transform IR-spectroscopy |
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chemical shift |
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thermal analysis |
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under normal conditions |
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thermoanalytical technique |
2. Translate sentences into Russian:
1)Raman spectroscopy is used to study vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system.
2)Dynamic mechanical analysis is useful for observing viscoelastic nature of polymers.
3)Thermogravimetric analysis relies on a high degree of precision in three measurements: weight, temperature, and temperature change.
4)Differential thermal analysis provides data on glass transitions, crystallization, melting and sublimation.
5)There are many instruments that test the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of polymer materials.
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3 ! 10 «Research methods in polymer chemistry»
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infrared spectroscopy |
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wide angle X-ray scattering |
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nuclear magnetic resonance |
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weight average molecular weight |
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compound’s structure |
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scanning electron microscopy |
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thermogravimetric analysis |
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pyrolysis |
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oxidation rate |
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spectroscopic technique |
2. Translate sentences into Russian:
1)Small angle X-ray scattering is used to study the structure of ordered systems like lamellar structures etc.
2)Small angle neutron scattering is a laboratory technique similar to the light scattering.
3)The scanning electron microscopy is useful for routine examination of plastics, elastomers and biopolymers.
4)Pyrolysis followed by analysis of the fragments is one more technique for determining polymer structure.
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5)Oxidation stability of polymers is studied by heating them to a certain high temperature when they are oxidized much faster and then estimating their oxidation rate in normal conditions.
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7.2, (. / (. 2, . . – ., 1967. – 460 c.
8.Definitions of Terms Relating to Crystalline Polymers // Pure Appl. Chem. – 1989. – V. 61. – 4. – P. 769-785.
9.Godefroy, S. 2D relaxation/diffusion correlations in porous media / S. Godefroy, P.T. Callaghan // Magnetic Resonance Imaging. – 2003. – 21. – P. 381-383.
10.IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the “Gold Book”) / compiled by A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson. – 2nd edition, Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1997.
11.Rice, S.A. Polyelectrolyte solutions: A theoretical introduction / S.A. Rice, M. Nagasawa. – L.-N. Y., 1961. – 367 p.
12.@. [& ]. – http://www.xumuk.ru
13.ChemPort.ru [& ]. – http://www.chemport.ru
14.Wikipedia [& ]. – http://www.en.wikipedia.org
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