Television broadcasting. Телевизионное вещание. Учебное пособие

21

3. Define the function of Participle I in the following sentences and translate them.

1.The scientist working at this design is well known.

2.Carrying out the experiment he made use of some new instruments.

3.These new devices are replacing their older equivalents.

4.Speaking about the new method of work the engineer told us many interesting details.

5.Radio occupies one of the leading places among the greatest achievements of modern engineering.

6.Being cooled water turns into ice.

7.The electric current passing through a wire will heat it.

8.Transistors contain no moving parts.

9.The scientist is carrying on an important research,

10.Developing the new method they achieved good results.

4. Translate the following sentences.

1.Having improved this device they could use it for many purposes.

2.When making the experiment he made notes.

3.The vibrations of a voice speaking into the microphone of a telephone cause vibrations in an electric current.

4.This varying current is carried along a wire to a receiver.

5.Electronics in our country has developed into hundreds of research institutes and laboratories employing tens of thousands of people.

6.Having been discovered many years ago this metal found a wide application in industry only last year.

22

7.While being checked the motor showed good performance.

8.The man introducing this famous scientist is the dean of our faculty.

9.Cybernetics is gaining a growing importance.

5. Change the complex sentences given below according to the examples and translate them into Russian.

Example:

While she was preparing for her physics exam she looked through all the notes of the lectures.

While preparing for her physics exam she looked through all the notes of the lectures.

1.When he was translating the article he used a dictionary.

2.While the student was working at the problem he made many experiments.

3.When the worker was applying the new method of work he got better results.

4.While he was experimenting with this substance he was very careful.

5.When the engineer was improving the design he made many calcula-

tions.

6.While the man was describing this phenomenon he illustrated it with numerous examples.

7.When these scientists were working in our laboratory they obtained good results.

One more example:

The scientists who are carrying out research into nuclear physics deal with most difficult problems.

The scientists carrying out research into nuclear physics deal with most difficult problems.

1.The scientist who is working at the method is well known.

2.These postgraduate students who are watching the experiment work in our laboratory.

3.The worker who is repairing the machine is very skilled.

4.The engineer who is carrying out these investigations is a well-known inventor.

5.The students who are doing the laboratory work are from various fac-

ulties.

23

WRITING

HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARY

A summary is a brief statement or account of the main points of a piece of writing. A summary is not rewriting of the original text and does not have to be long. Your purpose in writing the summary is to give the basic ideas of the original reading. What was it about and what did the author want to communicate?

1. Identify the type of work (text, article), title, author, and main point.

In the text (article) “…” the author presents (shows, describes ...) his opinion on the hot topic of living in a technological society.

The text “…” deals with the problem of ... (discusses some problems relating to ..., provides information on ...).

2. Write in the present tense.

At the beginning of the text / article the author characterizes... (comments on ..., explains ..., analyses ...).

Attention is drawn to the fact that ... . It should be noted that ... .

3. Don't forget to include linking words so your reader can easily follow your thoughts.

Next / Further / Then it is reported / shown that ....

4. Don't copy the article. Instead, paraphrase.

Besides the author explains that ..., gives a detailed analysis of ... (the description of ...). Finally the author comes to the conclusion that ... .

In conclusion ... . At the end of the text / article the author describes ..., emphasizes that ..., points out that …, summarizes that ... .

5. Don't put your own opinions, ideas, or interpretations into the summary.

Your summary should have between 100 and 120 words.

6. Write the summary of the text "TYPES OF BROADBAND CONNECTIONS".

24

TRANSLATION

Translate the text from Russian into English.

Телевидение BTV предоставляет пользователю возможность взаимодействия с контент-провайдером. Привлекательность для пользователей состоит в том, что отображение осуществляется на телевизоре, который остается центральным устройством для домашнего развлечения. Многие провайдеры предлагают тройную услугу (“triple play”): Интернет, телефонию и телевидение с оплатой по одному счету. Новый стандарт ADSL2+ позволяет в системах BTV передавать абонентам до двух программ ТВЧ.

Телевидение высокой четкости (ТВЧ, HDTV) развивается в двух направлениях. С одной стороны, совершенствуются методы сжатия и отражающие их стандарты, с другой – наблюдается технологический прорыв в области разработки устройств отображения в виде плоских панелей, имеющих адекватное число элементов изображения. В некоторых странах доля продаж плоских дисплеев уже достигает 50 %. Поэтому производителями было принято решение, что дисплеи с повышенным числом элементов, пригодные для отображения ТВЧ, будут иметь соответствующую метку “HD ready” и будут снабжены необходимыми физическими интерфейсами.

SPEAKING

Make the plan of the text "Types of Broadband Connections ". Speak about types of broadband connections.

25

PRE-READING TASK

Answer the questions.

1.What is HbbTV?

2.When was it first demonstrated?

3.What do services delivered through HbbTV include?

READING

Read the text and translate it.

Hybrid broadcast broadband television

HbbTV is both an industry standard and promotional initiative for hybrid digital TV to harmonise the broadcast, IPTV, and broadband delivery of entertainment to the end consumer through connected TVs (smart TVs) and set-top boxes. Products and services using the HbbTV standard can operate over different broadcasting technologies, such as satellite, cable, or terrestrial networks.

HbbTV was first demonstrated in 2009, in France by France Télévisions and two developers of Set Top Box technologies, Inverto Digital Labs of Luxembourg, and Pleyo of France, for the Roland Garros tennis sport event on a DTT transmission and an IP connection and in Germany using the Astra satellite at 19.2° east during the IFA and IBC exhibitions.

Services delivered through HbbTV include enhanced teletext, catchup services, video-on-demand, EPG, interactive advertising, personalisation, voting, games, social networking, and other multimedia applications.

HbbTV devices enable consumers to view all of these advanced services on their flat screen TV, via a single device. In addition to a broader range of content from TV providers – ranging from traditional broadcast TV, video on-demand and catch-up TV services, like BBC iPlayer – hybrid digital TV also provides consumers with access to user-generated content either stored on an external hard drive, or cloud storage, and to a range of advanced interactive services and Internet applications.

Hybrid set-top boxes are increasingly commonplace amongst pay-TV operators, as they look to meet the changing media consumption trends for more video content, advanced interactivity and internet applications, like social networking. The 2010 IPTV World Forum Awards recognized a hybrid solution as the best interactive TV service/application: the solution,

27

developed by Advanced Digital Broadcast, is the first three-way hybrid platform that enables content delivered via Satellite, Terrestrial and Ethernet networks to be viewed on a television. Since the beginning of 2010 a new generation of advanced HbbTV IPTV set-top box has emerged in the UK with the advent of DVB-T2 services. DVB-T2 tuners enable the reception of free-to-air terrestrial high-definition programmes to be received in around twelve areas of the UK. High definition digital terrestrial services have encouraged a range of device manufacturers to launch new hybrid set-top boxes for the UK consumer retail market. Some of these companies have launched devices that, in addition to allowing traditional broadcast and IPdelivere services to be received, have an integrated smart-card slot that allows consumers to receive encrypted Premium television services including sports and movies.

Such boxes enable the aggregation of traditional linear TV broadcasts with video delivered via both managed (cable) and unmanaged IP networks (the internet). This allows viewers to view broadcast television and internet video on their flat screen TVs, alongside advanced interactive services, such as video on demand, internet browsing, and time-shifted TV. A hybrid IPTV platform helps operators increase average revenue per user (ARPU), whilst eliminating expensive duplication in network infrastructure investment.

IPTV customer-premises equipment (CPE) allows pay TV operators to deploy home entertainment, with video telephony, surveillance, gaming, shopping, e-government, and interactive services amongst the service mix that can be offered.

OpenHbb is a collaborative project funded by the French government (DGCIS), the Pays de la Loire and Île-de-France regions, and the Conseil Général des Hauts-de-Seine (council for the department of Hauts-de-Seine) as part of the Images & Réseaux and Cap Digital competitiveness clusters. Opera has developed an HbbTV Emulator, available for free on their website.This emulator is currently in beta version. Validator is a free, cloud based tool for HbbTV app conformance validation provided by Digital TV Labs. Validator uses static analysis to check for simple problems and use of non-standard language features in your HbbTV app’s XHTML, JavaScript and CSS. There is also a Firefox add-on, FireHbbTV, as a free HbbTV emulator. OpenCaster is a free GPL licensed software for transport stream broadcasting supporting HbbTV data.

28

DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL VOCABULARY WORKING OUT THE MEANING OF UNKNOWN WORDS

1. The following words in the box are all from the text above. Find them in the text.

proprietary surveillance encrypted linear beta consumer

2. For each word, read the sentence it occurs in and answer the questions.

a)Is the word positive, negative or neutral?

b)Is it a noun, adjective, adverb or verb?

c)Can you think of a word with a similar meaning (synonym) and one with an opposite meaning (antonym)?

AFTER-READING TASKS

1. Answer the following questions.

1.What is HbbTV?

2.Which of the listed above technologies provides the fastest speed of data transmission? How does it work?

3.What broadband service uses the same coaxial cables that deliver sound and pictures to your TV set?

4.When was HbbTV first demonstrated?

5.Why do telecommunications providers sometimes offer fiber broadband in limited areas? What are their plans for the future?

6.What is the difference between mobile and fixed broadband connection?

7.When and where did a new generation of advanced HbbTV IPTV set-top box emerge?

8.What do the downstream and upstream speeds for satellite broadband depend on?

2. Find the words in the text and translate them.

1.HbbTV – ...

2.IPTV – ...

3.OTT – ...

4.DVB – ...

5.EPG – ...

29

6.CPE – ...

7.ARPU – ...

3. Match the synonyms.

5. Fill in the gaps

1.Products and services using the HbbTV standard can operate over different … …, such as satellite, cable, or terrestrial networks.

2.Services delivered through HbbTV include … …, catchup services, video on-demand, EPG, interactive advertising, …, voting, games, social networking, and other multimedia applications.

3.HbbTV devices … consumers to view all of these advanced services on their flat screen TV, via a single device.

4.Hybrid set-top boxes are … … amongst pay-TV operators, as they look to meet the changing media consumption trends for more video content, advanced interactivity and internet applications, like social networking.

5.Some of these companies have … devices that, in addition to allowing traditional broadcast and IP-delivered services to be received, have an

30