Foundations of Economics. Учебное пособие
.pdf• ' : 1) , :
)to avoid ( ), to enjoy ( ), to excuse ( ), to forgive ( - ), to give up ( ), to postpone ( );
)to fear ( ), to remember ("), to forget ( ), to prefer ( ), to like ( ), to hate ( ) , to dislike ( );
)to accuse (of) ( ), to approve (of) ( ), to complain (of) ( ), to speak (of) ( ), to suspect (of) ( ), to think (of) ("), to be tired (of) ( ), to agree (to) ( ), to look forward (to) ( ), to depend (on) ( ), to insist (on) ( ), to rely (on) ( ,
), to prevent (from) ("), to fee l like ( ,
), to look like ( ), to be sorry (for) ( ), to thank (for) ( ):
She enjoyed being at Minneritchie.
1 " . They like working with him.
1 ".
I greatly dislike being contradicted.
2 , " . I am sorry for keeping you waiting.
, . I feel like talking.
2 .
I suppose she got tired of waiting.
2 ", .
% ": ) "
, . % to remember
, - ", -
-".
I remembered to wind the clock.
2", " - . I remembered winding the clock.
2", .
2) .
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# . " " : after, before, on, upon, in, at, by, without, for, in spite of, instead of:
Upon awakening she dressed quickly and left the house.
%, ".
He was angry with me for bringing the news. 1 " ,
" . . Instead of stopping the rain increased. #" , .
3) ", : to begin ( ), to continue ( ), to stop ( - ), to finish ( ), to go on ( ), to keep on ( ):
I can't go on talking to you. 2 "
.
She kept on talking. 1 .
% ": . "
, . % to stop
, , - ,
.
I stopped talking to him. 2 " .
I stopped to talk to him. 2 , ".
, : idea ( , "), thought ("), suggestion ( ), chance ( ), importance ( ), hope ( ) .:
I hate the thought of leaving you. " ",
.
I did not at all like the idea of going to the station.
. $ " "
" " ", .
She likes singing. 1 . ($ 'singing' "
" .)
She likes singing English songs. 1 . ($ 'singing' " " : ' English songs'.)
$ "
, ":
I've never heard of him letting anyone down. 2 ,
- .
' did not recollect such a thing having happened to him before. 1 ", " .
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! The Infinitive
• ," " - " ,
. ! " "
. # "
to, ,
, - - . She likes to dance.
1 .
In summer it is pleasant to swim in the river.
; " . I want to band in my composition.
2 .
• % " can, may, must, should
to. She can dance. 1 " .
You may swim in the river. ( " .
You must hand in your compositions. # ( )
.
•! " ":
1.% (indefinite infinitive).
I must go and see him in a day or two. 2
.
2.% (passive infinitive).
There is only one thing to be done.
0 ( - ), " .
3.% (perfect infinitive). I'm glad to have seen you.
2 , .
4.) (continuous infinitive). She appeared to be listening.
, .
5.%- (perfect passive infinitive). The house appeared to have been repaired recently. () ", -
" ", ".
6.%- (perfect continuous infinitive) .
For the last few days she seemed to have been talking to nobody.
% , , "
.
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' , -
. 1 "
" .
•(! (indefinite infinitive) - ",
. 1 , ,
", " , " "-
" " ( - ), ". I want to speak to him.
2 ( ) " . It was pleasant to speak to him.
, " . ( " , " . .)
) 'to speak' " " -"
'want' 'was pleasant'.
When they give you something, you must always say "thank you".
- ,
« ».
), " to say,
, 'when they give you something'. I want you to give me some information.
2 , " - . I need to buy some presents.
" . I didn't ask you to stay.
-.
•'(! (passive infinitive)
"- to be " " : to be invited, to be written, to be asked.
% ,
", -".
Peter is glad to be invited by me.
% ( ), .
'( be invited' , -
- - %.
I like my cooking to be eaten immediately.
2 , , , =.
•! '(! (perfect infinitive)
"- to have " " : to have invited, to have written, to have asked.
% , -
, , " "-
" ", - .
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I am glad to have spoken to him. 2 , ( ) ". ), " " 'to have spoken', , " "-" "
'am glad": , " .
When I came up to the house there was no light in the windows. Everybody must have gone to bed.
", . #, ,
.
), " " 'have gone',
'When I came up to the house'.
I'm sorry to have been of so little assistance. , "
" ".
% ": perfect infinitive to expect ( ), to intend ("), to mean (" , ), to hope ( ), - " " "
, , , . I intended (meant, hoped) to have come on time.
2 " ( , ) " ( ").
•+ '( ! (continuous infinitive)
"- to be "
" : to be inviting, to be writing, to be asking.
) , ,
- ", -".
' seemed to be looking for words to express his idea. ,
, ". ) 'to be looking' ",
-" 'seemed'.
It was pleasant to be driving the car again.
* ". (1 ", "
. . 0" , ".)
•!-+ '( ! (perfect continuous infinitive) "- to have been
(V ing) " " : to have been inviting, to have been writing to have been asking.
•%- ,
" -"
- .
They seem to have been reading this book for a long time.
, . .
) 'to have been reading' -
" 'seem' - .
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For a quarter of an hour I must have been writing by a glow of firelight.
,, , ".
•!
", "
-", ", ", "
" ", ".
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It is difficult to read this book. / |
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I can read this story. 2 " . |
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. I began to read this story. 2 |
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!" - |
My home task is to read this story. |
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" - . |
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I want to read this book. 2 |
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This is a good book to read. |
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I took a book in order to read it at home. 2 |
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, ( ) |
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•'
) " "
, to begin ( ), to start ( ), to continue ( ), to cease ( - ) used to ( ,
):
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It must have been a pleasant dream. You were smiling.
/, , . ( . You never used to be like this. (
.
) , to remember ("), to ask ( ), to forget ( ), to agree ( ), to learn ( , ), to decide ( ), to love ( ), to promise ( - ), to like ( ), to pretend ( ), to hate ( ), to help ("), to want ( ), to try ( ) to wish ( ), to be going ( ), to prefer ( ), : happy ( ), glad ( ), pleased ( ), delighted ( - ), sorry ( ), afraid ( ) .:
I was going to ask you to come with us. 2
".
I'm sorry to disturb you. .
I've been asked to spend a year in Norway.
'.
Rowena, too, was glad to be out in the garden.
.
! " ",
.
She stepped back to look at the lighted window 1 ,
- , (to look - ). It was a city to remember.
/ ", (to remember - -
).
•3 , "
" , "
" " ", . She likes to sing.
1 .(! 'to sing' " " .) She likes to sing English songs.
1 . (! 'to sing' "
" : ' English songs'.)
• ! " "
, "
: (complex object),
- (complex subject) , " " for
(for-to-infinitive construction).
, .
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The doorbell made her jump. 5
. , - .
She seemed to know Bruno well. ,
*.
, " " for:
She sat quietly and waited for Chloe to speak. 1
, 6 .
, " The Complex Object
•% " "
" # " " (the Complex Object),
- -" ( " " = "
) ( I "
).
' ", I want him to come — 2 ,
want " ,
" him to come. %-"
" " = " him, " " — to come.
#He painted the house red — 1 "
paint " the house red, -" " the house,
" " red.
•, " -
: to want, to expect, would prefer, would like, to get, to believe, to wish, to find, to persuade, to desire, to allow, to like, to order. !
to.
% ", -
, "
".
Mum wants me to be happy. " , . I don't want you to leave. 2 , ( #.
Nobody expected Monica to marry Henry. Do you expect them to join you?
We would like you to visit us.
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I would prefer you to stay here.
They will get you to do it.
Nobody will make me give up this idea.
I believe him to be an honest man.
Why don't you believe him to be an honest man?
I like it when it snows. , .
She likes it when all her family gathers at the table.
•! to :
1.< : to feel, to hear, to see, to watch, to
notice.
I've never heard you sing. 2 , . We've watched you grow for many years.
I saw her leave the house. Everybody noticed Daniel turn pale.
2.%: to let, to make, to have.
What makes you think so? < "?
Never let him go.
They had the man do what they wanted.
•% , - , ", . ) "
to have, to be.
I consider him to be the best candidate . 2 " ".
•% catch, find, leave, discover ., -
" - ".
I caught them stealing my peaches . 2 " , "
.
•% need, want, prefer , "
, -
"
I heard his name mentioned several times . 2 , "
".
•% to see to hear « » «"»
. , -
:
We heard them laughing, (" " .)
We hear that he returned to Moscow, (" : ", -
" .).
I see them playing, ( . ") - I see that you are wrong, ( ,
" .).
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•% " , - .
I dislike his working late. — ,
.
•)
, II.
to have one's hair cut, to have one's teeth examined, to have one's car serviced, to have one's eyes tested, to have one's watch repaired . .
1, " = , -
. . , " : « " ,
" , » . .
I am going to have my hair cut. 2 . It's too long. You must certainly have your eyes tested.
When are you going to have your piano tuned?
,% 1 '( ! '( The Complex Subject
•. / " & " " " & ( " # )
:
1.- -" " " " "
2.( " ) + .
1 "
".
% is known to be a good engineer. !,
.
% is said to have graduated from the University. $ ,
.
The experiments were reported to be successful. ,- ,
. " .
# = " " "
: |
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to see |
# |
to hear |
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to say |
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to expect |
#, |
to think |
#, , |
to report |
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to suppose |
# |
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