Communication. Science. Учебно-методическое пособие

UNIT 4: WORK

GRAMMAR FOCUS

Relative Pronouns (Unit 2)

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a “relative” pronoun because it “relates” to the word that its relative clause modifies.

Here is an example:

The person who phoned me yesterday was my colleague.

In the above example, “who” relates to “The person”, which “who phoned me yesterday” modifies and introduces the relative clause “who phoned me yesterday”.

There are five basic relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that. We can use who or that when we talk about people (who is more formal

than that):

This is the man who helped us (more formal). This is the man that helped us (less formal).

We use which or that when we talk about things (which is more formal than that):

It’s the watch which my father bought me for my birthday (more formal). It’s the watch that my father bought me for my birthday (less formal).

In informal speech, we can omit which and that when the pronoun refers to the object of the sentence:

It’s the watch my father bought me for my birthday. (In this sentence, “the watch” is the object of the verb bought so we don’t need to use that or which.)

We cannot omit which and when the pronoun refers to the subject of the sentence:

It was the man that sold me the car. (In this sentence, “the man” is the subject of the verb sold so we need to use that or who. It was the man sold me the car.)

We use whose to show possession: John, whose mother is also a balletdancer, has become very popular this year.

61

И. И. ЛУШНИКОВА. COMMUNICATION: SCIENCE

REPORTING VERBS (UNIT 4)

Reporting verbs are used to paraphrase what someone has said. The verbs “say” and “tell” are often used to express what someone has said. Other reporting verbs are served to change direct speech into indirect more accurately.

62

ANSWER KEY SECTION

Unit 1

Part 4

Task 1: 16 psychology, 10 specific, 5 unique, 15 researcher, 14 hippocampus, 2 academy, 12 spatial, 20 bilingual, 19 onset, 1 interpret, 4 MRI, 9 cognitive, 13 navigation, 18 Alzheimer’s disease, 17 indicated, 11cerebral cortex, 6 observe, 7 flair, 3 fast pace, 8 fluent.

Task 3: 1 Alzheimer’s disease, 2 interpret, 3 bilingual, 4 pace, 5 flair, 6 spatial, 7 researcher.

Task 4: 1 B, 2 A, 3 A, 4 B, 5 A, 6 A, 7 A, 8 B, 9 B, 10 B, 11 A, 12 A Task 5: Academy, pace, researchers, unique, flair, fluently, cognitive,

specific, hippocampus, navigation, performed, psychology, indicated, onset, bilingual.

Unit 2

Part 3

Task 1: 1. 3 autoimmune,1 annual, 4 diabetes, 2 spouse, 6 osteoporosis, 7 hamper, 5 caregiver; 2. 2 indeed, 4 startling, 6 initiate, 1 chronic, 3 antibodies, 7 counterpart, 5 ailing; 3. 2 occur, 1 inflammation, 4 ultimately, 3 impact, 7 elicit, 5 chronically, 6 disease.

Task 3: 1 spouse, 2 immune system, 3 adequate, 4 alternative, 5 caregiver, 6 startling 7 osteoporosis.

Task 4: 1 B, 2 C, 3 B, 4 B, 5 C, 6 B, 7 A, 8 A, 9 C, 10 C, 11 B, 12 C, 13 B, 14 B, 15 A, 16 A, 17 B, 18 C.

Task 5: impact, realize, annual, immunologist, startling, caregivers, ailing, antibodies, immune, adequate, ultimately, counterintuitive, immune, initiate, chronic, inflammation, osteoporosis, allergies, pollen, recent, breath, relaxation, prevention, lazy.

Unit 3

Part 3

Task 1: 1. 6 beneficial, 7 rapidly, 1 emerging, 2 artificial, 3 diverse, 4 to spur, 5 ensure; 2. 2 investigation, 1 likelihood, 5 deliberation, 3 ethical,

63

И. И. ЛУШНИКОВА. COMMUNICATION: SCIENCE

4 impact, 7 societal, 6 trend; 3. 2 predict, 3 dignity, 1 undergo, 7 resource, 6 tutoring, 5 to monitor, 4 alter.

Task 3: 1 software, 2 application, 3 forecast, 4 pattern, 5 underserved. Task 4: 1 C, 2 C, 3 A, 4 B, 5 B, 6 C, 7 C, 8 B, 9 C, 10 A, 11 A, 12 C,

13 A, 14 A, 15 B, 16 C, 17 C, 18 C

Task 5: artificial, diverse, beneficial, emerging, ongoing, ethical, sections, impacts, likelihood, autonomous, sensors, remote, monitor, regulators, tutoring, augment, tools, personalized, benefits, dignity, employment, undergoes.

Unit 4

Part 3

Task 1: 6 motion, 2 counterpart, 4 complement it, 1 indicate, 11 similar, 9 initially, 8 crucial, 3 precise, 13 conclusion, 5 achieve, 12 refine, 10 performed, 7 instrument, 14 imitate.

Task 2: conduct, crucial, application, initially.

Task 3: 1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 4 B, 5 A, 6 C, 7 A, 8 A, 9 B, 10 A, 11 B, 12 B, 13 С, 14 C, 15 C, 16 А, 17 В, 18 B, 19 С.

Part 4

Task 3: imitate, indicates, complete, precise, complement, opportunities, decrease, conduct, similar, guided, initially, although, research, validate, cooperate, healthcare.

64

GLOSSARY

Check your knowledge of the following words and expressions.

65

И. И. ЛУШНИКОВА. COMMUNICATION: SCIENCE

66

GLOSSARY

67

И. И. ЛУШНИКОВА. COMMUNICATION: SCIENCE

68

GLOSSARY

69

И. И. ЛУШНИКОВА. COMMUNICATION: SCIENCE

70