Техносферная безопасность. Английский язык. Учебно-методическое пособие для бакалавров АТИ РУДН

3.Ученые и специалисты по изучению окружающей среды в аспекте проблем здравоохранения ведут исследования с целью идентификации, ослабления или устранения источников загрязнения, которые неблагоприятно влияют на окружающую среду и здоровье населения.

4.Инженеры-химики разрабатывают оборудование для химических предприятий и изобретают процессы производства химических продуктов, таких как бензин, синтетический каучук, пластик, моющие средства, цемент, бумага и пр., а также занимаются практическим приложением принципов химии, физики и инженерного дела.

GRAMMAR REVIEW

The Passive Voice

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8.Change the sentences from Active into Passive. Then make questions about these sentences.

1.You generally need a bachelor's degree in science or engineering to become a safety engineer.

2.We have investigated the workplace for hazards.

3.Also, they develop new forms of energy and ways to increase the efficiency of generating and using energy.

4.Workers will be trained about job related risks.

5.We can use the steam and hot water to heat buildings or generate electricity.

6.Environmental engineering also includes studies on the environmental impact of proposed construction projects.

7.Currently environmental engineers design municipal water supply and industrial wastewater treatment systems.

8.More engineers are utilizing their technical expertise in the practices of environmental engineering law.

9.We used computer to model the problem and evaluate solutions.

10.Most jurisdictions have imposed licensing and registration requirements.

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UNIT III

PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT

1. Complete the table and translate into Russian

2. Find the English equivalents.

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3. Read and translate the text into Russian.

PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Process safety management is a regulation or combination of activities including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling or the onsite movement of highly hazardous chemicals.

Process safety focuses on preventing fires, explosions and accidental chemical releases in chemical process facilities or other facilities dealing with hazardous materials.

Functional safety is the part of the overall safety of a system or piece of equipment that depends on the system or equipment operating correctly in response to its inputs, including the safe management of likely operator errors, hardware failures and environmental changes.

Occupational safety and health primarily covers the management of personal safety. Well developed management systems also address process safety issues. The tools, techniques, programs etc. required to manage both process and occupational safety can sometimes be the same (for example, a work permit system) and in other cases may have very different approaches. LOPA (Layers of Protection Analysis) or QRA (Quantified Risk Assessment) for example focus on process safety whereas PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) is very much an individual focused occupational safety issue.

The objective of functional safety is freedom from unacceptable risk of physical injury or of damage to the health of people either directly or indirectly (through damage to property or to the environment).

Process safety generally refers to the prevention of unintentional releases of chemicals, energy, or other potentially dangerous materials (including steam) during the course of chemical processes that can have a serious effect to the plant and environment. Process safety involves, for example, the prevention of leaks, spills, equipment malfunction, over-pressures, over-temperatures, corrosion, metal fatigue and other similar conditions. Process safety programs focus on design and engineering of facilities, maintenance of equipment, effective alarms, effective control points, procedures and training. It is sometimes useful to consider process safety as the outcome or result of

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a wide range of technical, management and operational disciplines coming together in an organised way.

4.Make word combinations matching the two parts of the table.

5. Say whether these statements are true or false

1.Process safety management is a regulation or combination of technical, management and operational disciplines.

2.Process safety generally refers to the prevention of unintentional releases of chemicals, energy, or other potentially dangerous materials.

3.Functional safety covers the management of personal safety.

4.Process safety involves the prevention of leaks, spills, equipment malfunction, over-pressures, over-temperatures, corrosion, metal fatigue and other similar conditions.

5.The tools, techniques, programs are required to manage both process and occupational safety.

6.Translate from Russian into English

Безопасность технологических процессов

Безопасность технологических процессов рассматривают как комплекс требований к безопасности двух составляющих:

производственного оборудования;

технологических процессов производства.

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В технологических процессах производства в заводских условиях или в условиях ремонтных мастерских задействовано разнообразное производственное оборудование.

Потенциальную опасность могут представлять процессы работы на станках, погрузочно-разгрузочные и транспортные операции на подъемно-транспортных машинах и др.

На предприятиях железнодорожного транспорта технологические процессы ремонта подвижного состава, путевых и погрузочно-разгрузочных машин также связаны с присутствием опасных факторов.

Основными требованиями производственной безопасности

ктехнологическим процессам являются:

1)исключение контакта работников с материалами, заготовками, полуфабрикатами, готовой продукцией и отходами производства, оказывающими вредное воздействие на человека;

2)замена травмоопасных и вредных технологических процессов процессами, обеспечивающими сохранение здоровья и жизни работников;

3)применение дистанционного управления и роботизации в особо вредных и травмоопасных технологических процессах;

4)рациональная организация труда и отдыха с целью профилактики снижения работоспособности в результате быстрого утомления, травматизма и профзаболеваний;

5)ограничение тяжести и напряженности трудовых процессов за счет применения комплексной механизации, автоматизации и роботизации на тяжелых и требующих высоких умственных напряжений производственных операциях;

6)своевременное удаление и обезвреживание отходов производства, которые являются источниками вредных и опасных производственных факторов;

7)обеспечение пожаро- и взрывобезопасности;

8)обеспечение безопасности выполнения внутрицеховых операций по транспортировке исходных материалов, готовой продукции, отходов производства.

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GRAMMAR REVIEW

Participle

7.Complete the following sentences using the present participle or past participle form of the verb.

1.A ……………….. child dreads fire.

2.He was wearing a ……………….. shirt.

a) Tearing b) Torn

3.…………………. the wicked man, the boy ran into the house.

4.……………….. occupied with work, he couldn’t meet us.

a) Been b) Being

5.……………… by her behaviour, he walked out.

6.It was ……………… in the storm.

7.He lived alone, ………………. by everybody.

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8.I love the noise of …………………. rain.

9.The house looked ………………….

a) Abandoned b) Abandoning

10.I was very ………………….. in the program.

11.She is a very …………………. writer.

12.He is a well-…………………. person.

a) Read b) Reading

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UNIT IV

FIRE SAFETY

1. Complete the table and translate into Russian

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3. Read and translate the text into Russian.

FIRE SAFETY

Fire safety is the set of practices intended to reduce the destruction caused by fire. Fire safety measures include those that are intended to prevent ignition of an uncontrolled fire, and those that are used to limit the development and effects of a fire after it starts.

Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the construction of a building or implemented in structures that are already standing, and those that are taught to occupants of the building.

Threats to fire safety are commonly referred to as fire hazards. A fire hazard may include a situation that increases the likelihood of a fire or may impede escape in the event a fire occurs.

Fire safety is often a component of building safety. Those who inspect buildings for violations of the Fire Code and go into schools to educate children on Fire Safety topics are fire department members known as Fire Prevention Officers. The Chief Fire Prevention Officer or Chief of Fire Prevention will normally train newcomers to the Fire Prevention Division and may also conduct inspections or make presentations.

Elements of a fire safety policy

Building a facility in accordance with the version of the local building code

Maintaining a facility and conducting oneself in accordance with the provisions of the fire code. This is based on the occupants and operators of the building being aware of the applicable regulations and advice.

Examples of these include:

Not exceeding the maximum occupancy within any part of the building.

Maintaining proper fire exits and proper exit signage (e.g., exit signs pointing to them that can function in a power failure)

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