Сборник индивидуальных заданий для самостоятельной работы. Растворы. Учебно-методическое пособие
.pdfɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɚɦɦɨɧɢɹ" Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ"
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɞɟɰɢɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥɄɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ"
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɝ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɟɪɦɚɧɝɚɧɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ" Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɝɚɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɧ ɭ "
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɆ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥɄɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ" Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɝɚɡɚ
ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɧ ɭ "
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɝ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
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ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ" Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɝɚɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɧ ɭ "
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ
Ɇ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ
ɝ ɦɥɄɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɛɚɪɢɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɦɥ Ɇ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ" Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ"
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɝ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɢɞɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ" Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɝɚɡɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɧ ɭ "
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ɌȿɆȺ
«ɗɄȼɂȼȺɅȿɇɌ. ɆɈɅəɊɇȺə ɆȺɋɋȺ ɗɄȼɂȼȺɅȿɇɌȺ. ɆɈɅəɊɇȺə ɄɈɇɐȿɇɌɊȺɐɂə ɗɄȼɂȼȺɅȿɇɌȺ (ɇɈɊɆȺɅɖɇȺə ɄɈɇɐȿɇɌɊȺɐɂə)»
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ
Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɧɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
Mɷ = M Â fɷ
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɟɧ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ, ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ, ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ (Ca(OH)2) - ɞɜɭɯɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
fɷ(Ca(OH)2) = ½ Mɷ(Ca(OH)2) = 74Â ½ = 37 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɟɧ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ, ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ, ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɏɨɫɮɨɪɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ (H3PO4) – ɬɪɺɯɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ.
fɷ(H3PO4) = 1/3 Mɷ(H3PO4) = 98Â 1/3 = 32,7 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɟɧ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɜ ɫɨɥɢ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɜ ɫɨɥɢ.
1
fɷ(Al2 +3(SO4)3) = ----- = 1/6 3Â2
Mɷ(Al2(SO4)3) = 342 Â1/6 =57 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)
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ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɯɥɨɪɢɞ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɛ ɯɥɨɪɢɞ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɇɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ
ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ.
ɚ) ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɨɥɶ – ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɯɥɨɪɢɞ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ.
Ca(OH)2 +HCl = CaOHCl + H2O
Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɨɧ OH – ɡɚɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɨɧ ɯɥɨɪɚ Cl -, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ Ca(OH)2 ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɪɚɜɟɧ 1.
fɷ(Ca(OH)2) = 1 Mɷ(Ca(OH)2) = 74 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)
ɛ) ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɫɨɥɶ.
Ca(OH)2 +2HCl = CaCl2 + 2H2O
Ⱦɜɚ ɢɨɧɚ OH – ɡɚɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɨɧɵ ɯɥɨɪɚ Cl -, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ Ca(OH)2 ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɞɜɭɯɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɪɚɜɟɧ 1/2. fɷ(Ca(OH)2) = 1/2
Mɷ(Ca(OH)2) = 37 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)
ɉɪɢ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɢ ɝ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ
xɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɫ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɦ: |
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m(O2) = m(MeO) - m(Me) = 0,8062 – 0,4864 = 0,3198 (ɝ) |
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x ɉɨ |
ɡɚɤɨɧɭ |
ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ: |
ɦɚɫɫɵ |
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ |
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ |
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵ ɢɯ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɦɚɫɫɚɦ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ: |
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m(Me) |
Mɷ(Me) |
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------------ |
= ----------- |
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m(O2) |
Mɷ (O2) |
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0,4864 (ɝ) |
Mɷ (Me) |
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0,3198 (ɝ) |
8(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) |
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Mɷ (Me)=12,16 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)
Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 12,16 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)
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ɇɚɣɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɟɫɥɢ ɜɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɝ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
Ⱦɚɧɨ
V = 400 ɦɥ = 0,4 ɥ mɜ = 196 ɝ
ɫɟɪɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ H2SO4
M(H2SO4) = 98 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ
---------------------
Cɇ - ?
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ (ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ) (Cɇ ) – ɷɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (nɷ ) ɤ ɨɛɴɺɦɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ (V), ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɥɢɬɪɚɯ:
nɷ Cɇ = -------
V
x Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (nɷ ) ɪɚɜɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (mɜ) ɤ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (Mɷ):
mɜ (H2SO4)
nɷ = ------------------; Mɷ(H2SO4)
x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
Mɷ (H2SO4) = M (H2SO4) Â fɷ(H2SO4)= 98 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) Â1/2 = 49 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ; 196 (ɝ)
nɷ = --------------- = 4 ɦɨɥɶ;
49 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ
4 ɦɨɥɶ
Cɇ = ----------- = 10 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ = 10ɇ 0,4 ɥ
Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 10ɇ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
Ⱦɚɧɨ
V = 200 ɦɥ = 0,2 ɥ Cɇ = 2ɇ
ɏɥɨɪɢɞ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ
M(AlCl3) = 133,5 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ
---------------------
mɜ - ?
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Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ (ɦɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ) (Cɇ) – ɷɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (nɷ ) ɤ ɨɛɴɺɦɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ (V):
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nɷ |
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Cɇ = ------- |
x |
V |
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (nɷ ): |
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x |
nɷ = Cɇ Â V = 2 (ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ) Â 0,2 ɥ = 0,4 (ɦɨɥɶ) |
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (nɷ) ɪɚɜɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɫɫɵ |
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ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (mɜ) ɤ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (Mɷ): |
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mɜ (AlCl3) |
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nɷ = ------------------; |
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Mɷ(AlCl3) |
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Mɷ ((AlCl3)) = M ((AlCl3)) Â fɷ((AlCl3))= 133,5 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) Â1/3 = 44,5 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ; |
x |
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ mɜ (AlCl3): |
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mɜ (AlCl3)= nɷ Â Mɷ(AlCl3)= 0,4 (ɦɨɥɶ) Â44,5 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ = 17,8 ɝ |
Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 17,8 ɝ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɝ ɦɥ
Ⱦɚɧɨ
Ȧ = 20 % = 0,2 ȡ= 1,178 ɝ/ɦɥ ɏɥɨɪɢɞ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ
M(CaCl2) = 111 ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ
---------------------
CɆ - ? Cɇ -?
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Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ |
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Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ. |
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ɉɭɫɬɶ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ 100 ɝ (mɪ=100 ɝ) . |
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x |
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ: |
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x |
mɜ (CaCl2) = mɪ Â Ȧ = 100(ɝ) Â 0,2 = 20(ɝ) |
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ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (n) ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ |
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(nɷ) ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ: |
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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (n) ɪɚɜɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (mɜ) ɤ |
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ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (M): |
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mɜ (CaCl2) |
20(ɝ) |
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n = ------------------ =-------------- = 0,18 (ɦɨɥɶ); |
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M(CaCl2) |
111 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) |
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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (nɷ) ɪɚɜɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (mɜ) ɤ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (Mɷ):
mɜ (CaCl2) n= ----------------
Mɷ(CaCl2)
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (Mɷ):
Mɷ (CaCl2)= M(CaCl2) Â fɷ(CaCl2)=111(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) Â1/2=55,5 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)
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mɜ (CaCl2) |
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20( ɝ) |
nɷ =------------------ |
= |
--------------= 0,36 (ɦɨɥɶ); |
Mɷ(CaCl2) |
55,5 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) |
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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (nɷ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (nɷ) ɪɚɜɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (n) ɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ(fɷ):
nɷ = |
n |
0,18 (ɦɨɥɶ) |
------- = |
-------------- = 0,36 (ɦɨɥɶ) |
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fɷ |
1/2 |
x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ (mɪ) ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɦ ɧɚ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ (ȡ): |
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mɪ |
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100 (ɝ) |
V = ------ |
= |
-------------- = 85 (ɦɥ) = 0,085 (ɥ) |
ȡ |
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1,178(ɝ/ɦɥ) |
x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ:
CM = |
n |
0,18 ( ɦɨɥɶ ) |
---------- = |
---------------- = 2,1 (ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ)=2,1Ɇ |
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V |
0,085 ( ɥ ) |
Cɇ = |
n ɷ |
0,36 ( ɦɨɥɶ ) |
= ---------------- |
= 4,2 (ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ)=4,2ɇ |
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V |
0,085 ( ɥ ) |
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Ɉɬɜɟɬ : 2,1Ɇ; 4,2ɇ |
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɥ ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
Ⱦɚɧɨ:
V(NaOH) = 10 ɦɥ = 0,01 ɥ Cɇ (NaOH) = 1ɇ= 1 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ V(H2SO4) = 20 ɦɥ = 0,02 ɥ
---------------------------------
Cɇ (H2SO4) - ?
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Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ |
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x |
ɉɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ: |
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nɷ (NaOH) = nɷ(H2SO4) |
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Cɇ (NaOH) Â V(NaOH) = Cɇ (H2SO4) Â V(H2SO4) |
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x |
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ: |
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Cɇ (NaOH) Â V(NaOH) |
1(ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ) Â 0,01 (ɥ) |
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Cɇ(H2SO4)=-------------------------------- |
=------------------------ |
= 0,5 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ = 0,5ɇ |
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(H2SO4) |
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0,02 (ɥ) |
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Ɉɬɜɟɬ: |
Cɇ (H2SO4) = 0,5ɇ |
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8.Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
2ɇ, V-? 100 ɦɥ, 20%, 1,1 ɝ/ɦɥ
KOH + HCl = KCl + H2O
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ:
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ :
x |
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ: |
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mɜ (HCl) = Vɪ ÂȡÂȦ = 100(ɦɥ) Â1,1(ɝ/ɦɥ) Â 0,2 = 22 (ɝ) |
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ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ: |
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mɜ (HCl) |
22(ɝ) |
= 0,55 (ɦɨɥɶ); |
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nɷ = --------------- |
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= ------------------ |
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x |
M(HCl) Â fɷ |
36,5(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) Â1 |
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ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ: |
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nɷ |
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0,55 (ɦɨɥɶ) |
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Cɇ = ---------- |
= |
---------------- |
= 5,5 (ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ)=5,5ɇ |
x |
V |
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0,1 (ɥ) |
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ɉɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ: |
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nɷ (KOH) = nɷ(HCl) |
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Cɇ (KOH) Â V(KOH) = Cɇ (HCl) Â V(HCl) |
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Cɇ (HCl) Â V(HCl) |
5,5 (ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ) Â0,1(ɥ) |
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V(KOH) = ------------------------- |
=-------------------------- |
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=0,275 (ɥ)=275 (ɦɥ) |
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Cɇ (KOH) |
2 (ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ) |
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Ɉɬɜɟɬ: V(KOH) = 275 ɦɥ
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ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ³ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɆɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ´
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
Ɇɟɬɚɥɥ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɝ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɝ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɝ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɦɟɞɢɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɦɥ ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɯɥɨɪɢɞ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
Ɇɟɬɚɥɥ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɝ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫ ɝ ɫɟɪɵ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɦɟɞɢ ,, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɫ ɦɥ ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɦɟɞɢ"
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɛɚɪɢɹ ɫɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɹ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɇɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
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ɉɪɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɝ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɫ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚɧ ɭ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɝ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɛɚɪɢɹ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɪɨɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɝ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ"
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ,,, ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ,,, ɇɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɇɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɝ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɥ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɧ ɭ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ,,, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɛɟɪɢɥɥɢɹ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ,,, ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɨɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ,,, ɇɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɂɡ ɝ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɦɥ ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɨɦ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ"
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