Сборник индивидуальных заданий для самостоятельной работы. Растворы. Учебно-методическое пособие
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ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
ȼ ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɝ &D&O ā + 2 Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
Ʉ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ., ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɥɢ ɝɪɚɦɦ ɢɨɞɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɋɦɟɲɚɥɢ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɢɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɬɪɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
ȼ ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɝ 1D 62 ā + 2 Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
Ʉ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ., ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɥɢ ɝɪɚɦɦ ɜɨɞɵ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɝ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
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ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
ȼ ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɝ &X62 ā + 2 Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɦɟɞɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɂɡ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ .&O ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɜɵɩɚɪɢɥɢ ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɋɦɟɲɚɥɢ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɢɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɛɪɨɦɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
ȼ ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɝ =Q&O ā + 2 Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɰɢɧɤɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
Ʉ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɥɢɝɪɚɦɦ ɜɨɞɵ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɺɦɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥɄɚɤɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ"Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥɄɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
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ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ &X 12 ā + 2 ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
ɂɡ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɜɵɩɚɪɢɥɢ ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɺɦɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥɄɚɤɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɫ ɝ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ"
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ȼ ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɝ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ 1D ɋ2 ā + 2 ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
Ʉ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɥɢɝ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɋɦɟɲɚɥɢ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɢ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɛɪɨɦɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɛɪɨɦɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɪɨɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
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ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ȼ ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɝ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ )H62 ā + 2 ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
Ʉ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɥɢ ɝ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɝ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɛɪɨɦɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɛɪɨɦɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɚ ɛɚɪɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɫ ɝ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɛɚɪɢɹ"
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ȼ ɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɥ ɯɥɨɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝ ɦɥ ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ =Q&O ā + 2 ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
Ʉ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɥɢ ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
ɋɦɟɲɚɥɢ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɢ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢɨɞɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɧ ɭ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɫ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
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ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɝ 0J62 ā + 2 "ɂɡ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɜɵɩɚɪɢɥɢ ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɄɚɤɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɝ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɛɪɨɦɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɛɪɨɦɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɝ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ"
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɯɥɨɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
ȼ ɦɨɥɹɯ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɦɨɥɹ &R&O ā + 2 Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɨɛɚɥɶɬɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ $O&O ā + 2 ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɝ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ
ȼ ɦɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɝ ɤɚɥɢɹ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ
Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɤ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɫɟɪɵ ,9 ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ
Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɜ ɝ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ "
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ɌȿɆȺ
«ɆɈɅəɊɇȺə ɄɈɇɐȿɇɌɊȺɐɂə»
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
Ⱦɚɧɨ:
V= 200 ɦɥ = 0,2 ɥ CM = 0,1 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ
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m (Na2SO4 ) - ?
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ:
Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ (CM ) ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ (n) ɤ ɨɛɴɺɦɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ (V), ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɥɢɬɪɚɯ.
CM = |
n |
---------- [ ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ ] |
V
x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ:
n = CM ÂV = 0,1 (ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ) Â0,2 (ɥ) = 0,02 (ɦɨɥɶ)
x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ:
M(Na2SO4) = 23(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) Â2 + 32 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) + 16(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) Â4 = 142(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)
x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ:
m (Na2SO4) = n  M (Na2SO4) = 0,02 (ɦɨɥɶ)  142(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)= 2,84 (ɝ)
Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 2,84 (ɝ)
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɝ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
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V= 500 ɦɥ = 0,5 ɥ |
Ⱦɚɧɨ : |
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m (H2SO4 ) = 4,9 ɝ |
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CM |
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Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ |
x |
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ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ: |
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x |
M(H2SO4) = 1(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) Â2 + 32 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) + 16(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) Â4 = 98 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) |
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ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ: |
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m(H2SO4) |
4,9 ( ɝ ) |
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n = |
----------- = |
------------------ = 0,05 (ɦɨɥɶ) |
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M (H2SO4) |
98 ( ɝ / ɦɨɥɶ ) |
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x |
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ: |
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n |
0,05 (ɦɨɥɶ) |
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CM = ------ = ----------------- = 0,1 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ = 0,1 Ɇ |
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V |
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0,5 (ɥ) |
Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 0,1 Ɇ |
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Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ |
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ |
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ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ" |
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Ȧ1 = 40 % = 0,4 |
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Ⱦɚɧɨ: |
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ȡ1 = 1,07 (ɝ/ɦɥ) |
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V2= 200 ɦɥ = 0,2 ɥ |
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CM 2 = 0,5 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ |
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------------------- |
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V1 - ? |
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Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ |
x |
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ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ: |
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n2 = CM 2 ÂV2 = 0,5 (ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ) Â0,2 (ɥ) = 0,1 (ɦɨɥɶ) |
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x |
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ: |
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M(HCl) = 1(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) |
+ 35,5 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) = 36,5 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) |
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x |
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ: |
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m 2(HCl) = n  M (HCl) = 0,1 (ɦɨɥɶ)  36,5(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)= 3,65 (ɝ) |
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Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ |
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ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ. |
x |
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m 1(HCl) = m 2(HCl) |
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ: |
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m 1(HCl) |
3,65 (ɝ) |
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V1 = ------------- = -------------------- = 8,5 (ɦɥ) |
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Ȧ1 Â ȡ1 |
0,4 Â 1,07 (ɝ/ɦɥ) |
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Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 8,5 (ɦɥ) |
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
Ⱦɚɧɨ:
CM 1 = 2 ɦɨɥɶ\ɥ
CM 2 = 0,5 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ V2 = 200 ɦɥ = 0,2 ɥ
-------------------
V1 - ?
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Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ
x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ:
n2 = CM 2 ÂV2 = 0,5 (ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ) Â0,2 (ɥ) = 0,1 (ɦɨɥɶ)
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ.
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n1 = n2 |
x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ: |
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n1 |
0,1 (ɦɨɥɶ) |
V1 = --------- = -------------- = 0,05 ɥ |
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CM 1 |
2 (ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ) |
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Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 50 (ɦɥ) |
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ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ |
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ |
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ɝ ɦɥ |
Ⱦɚɧɨ: |
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Ȧ= 10 % = 0,1 |
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ȡ = 1,05 (ɝ/ɦɥ) |
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HNO3 |
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------------------- |
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CM - ? |
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ |
ȼɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ 100 ɝ. mɪ = 100 ɝ
x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ. mɜ = mɪ Â Ȧ = 100 (ɝ) Â 0,1 = 10 (ɝ)
x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ:
M(HNO3) = 1(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) + 14 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) + 16(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) Â3 = 63 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)
x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ: 10 (ɝ)
n= -------------- = 0,16 (ɦɨɥɶ) 63(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)
x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ:
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mɪ |
100 ( ɝ ) |
V = |
-------- = |
-------------- = 95 (ɦɥ) = 0,095 (ɥ) |
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ȡ |
1,05( ɝ / ɦɥ ) |
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x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ:
CM = |
n |
0,16 ( ɦɨɥɶ ) |
---------- = |
---------------- = 1,7 (ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ) |
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V |
0,095 ( ɥ ) |
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Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 1,7 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ |
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ"
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ:
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ
V-?
12%, 1,106 ɝ/ɦɥ 200 ɦɥ, 0,5 ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ
3KOH + H3PO4 = K3PO4 + 3H2O
x ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ. n(H3PO4) = CM Â V = 0,5 (ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ) Â0,2(ɥ)= 0,1 (ɦɨɥɶ)
x |
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ |
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ɩɪɨɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɫ 0,1 ɦɨɥɶ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ: |
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ɉɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ |
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3 ɦɨɥɶ KOH ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ 1 ɦɨɥɶ H3PO4 |
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n ɦɨɥɶ KOH ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ 0,1 ɦɨɥɶ H3PO4 |
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n(KOH) = 3 Â 0,1 = 0,3 (ɦɨɥɶ) |
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ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ |
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M(KOH) = 39(ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) + 16 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) + 1( ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ)=56 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) |
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x |
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ: |
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mɜ(KOH) = n(KOH) Â M(KOH) = 0,3 (ɦɨɥɶ) Â 56 (ɝ/ɦɨɥɶ) = 16,8 (ɝ) |
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ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ: |
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mɜ(KOH) |
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16,8 (ɝ) |
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mɪ(KOH) = -------------- |
= |
---------- = 140 (ɝ) |
x |
Ȧ(KOH) |
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0,12 |
ɇɚɣɞɺɦ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ (V(KOH)), ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɭ |
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ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ mɪ(KOH) ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɦ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ (ȡ(KOH)): |
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m ɪ (KOH) |
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140 ( ɝ) |
V (KOH) = ---------------------- |
= |
-------------------- = 127 (ɦɥ) |
ȡ(KOH) |
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1,106 (ɝ/ɦɥ) |
Ɉɬɜɟɬ: 127 ɦɥ
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ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ³Ɇɨɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ´
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɆ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ"
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɝ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɞɨɥɸ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɛɚɪɢɹ" Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ"
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ ɫɚɧɬɢɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɚɡɨɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɦɥ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɚ" Ʉɚɤɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ"
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɝ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ
Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɥ Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ"
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