Перевод общественно-политических материалов с английского языка на русский. Учебно-практическое пособие
.pdfCuts in conventional forces have been even more dramatic: the number of U.S. tanks in Europe has dropped from over 5,000 to 130; Germany has eliminated more than 5,000 tanks of its own; Russia, over 4,000; and the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Ukraine, together almost 8,000 tanks. With all this dismantling going on, the U.S.-Russian military balance gradually became the quietest corner of the relationship.
Now, however, arms control is back at center stage. One reason is the calendar: the two treaties on U.S.-Russian strategic arms reductions will expire during the next U.S. president's term. But far more important is Moscow's altered view of what is at stake. The former chief of the Russian general staff, Yuri Baluyevsky, declared earlier this year that U.S. nuclear policies reflect a "drive for strategic domination." Ignoring the ongoing decline in military forces across Europe, Putin has charged that other states are taking advantage of Russia's peaceful nature to wage an "arms race" (and on this basis, in December 2007 he suspended Russia's compliance with the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe). Russian officials also insist that the U.S. missile defense system planned for deployment in eastern Europe after 2012 is, despite Washington's denials, designed to neutralize Russia's strategic deterrent. To thwart this, they say, Russia must deploy nuclear forces that restore it to a position of rough equality with the United States. "National security," Putin and his successor as president, Dmitry Medvedev, have taken to saying, "is not based on promises."
Many U.S. foreign policy specialists look at the return of arms control with a mixture of boredom and regret. Most stopped viewing Russia as an interesting security problem years ago. When civilian experts bother with the issue of strategic arms reductions, it is usually not because they think that the U.S.-Russian strategic balance matters but because they want to revive attention to some related issue, such as "loose" nuclear weapons and materials or the need for the United States and Russia to strengthen non-proliferation efforts by making large cuts in their own arsenals. It is telling that the most significant arms control idea of recent years, advanced by the Cold War veterans Kissinger, Sam Nunn, William
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Perry, and George Shultz, has been nuclear abolition. Mere nuclear parity apparently bores them, too.
Hostility to old-style arms control and inattention to the growing mismatch between U.S. and Russian thinking on national security clearly led the Bush administration to mishandle these issues with Moscow. Merely dismissing Moscow's charges that the U.S. missile defense plans threaten Russia's security has not stopped the Russians from objecting ‒ or from winning the sympathy of some U.S. allies. Washington proposed allowing Russian military monitors at the U.S. missile defense sites in the Czech Republic and Poland, but the Czechs and the Poles opposed this plan, giving Moscow one more reason to complain.
To keep military issues from becoming a continuing source of U.S.- Russian discord, the next U.S. president will want to adopt a different approach. He will surely drop his predecessor's resistance to formal and legally binding arms control agreements.
Yet both Washington and Moscow will further benefit by preserving some elements of the Bush administration's outlook ‒ above all, the recognition that the treaties that work best are those that allow each side maximum flexibility in implementation. If both sides can also agree that their military forces do not really threaten each other, they will not have to sweat every detail over limiting them.
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Unit 3
ADDRESS OF THE RUSSIAN PRESIDENT TO THE FEDERAL
ASSEMBLY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
3.1. About Society’s Ideals and Moral Principles
Word List:
to bring civilization – сделать цивилизованным
to build up powerful economic and military potential – создавать мирный политический и военный потенциал
to act on solid basis – действовать на прочной основе the test of time – проверка временем
society’s ideals and moral principles – общественные идеалы и моральные принципы
to say frankly – говорить откровенно it is far from easy – очень непросто
to have it firmly in the head – нужно твердо знать to give up things – поступиться вещами
to fight until victory – бороться и побеждать things dear to you – то, что дорого вам political equality – политическое равноправие
responsible leaders – ответственные руководители
to give each individual a decent place in our society – добиваться достойного места для каждого человека в обществе
freedom of speech and religion – свобода слова и вероисповедания welfare and dignity – благосостояние и достоинство
faithfulness – верность
sober and critical look – трезвый и критический взгляд deep-rooted love – глубокая привязанность
moral beacon – нравственные ориентиры to put things more simply – говорить просто
to make a single people – делать народ единым
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Text
I think it could hardly be otherwise when we are talking about people with more than a thousand years history, a people that have developed and brought civilization to a vast territory, created a unique culture and build up a powerful economic and military potential, a people who act on solid basis of values and ideals that have taken shape over the centuries and stood the test of time.
I would like to say a few words separately about our values, our society’s ideals and moral principles. But I say, quite frankly, based on my own experience, that it’s far from easy to make decisions that will affect the lives welfare and health of thousands of citizens, a reputation and destiny of great people. When I make these decisions, I need to have it firmly in my head that there are things that cannot be given up, things for which we have to fight until victory, things dear to you, dear to me, dear to us all, things without which it is impossible to imagine our country.
Our people have a rich spiritual and moral heritage. The values in our country are well known. There is justice, which we understand as political equality, honest courts and political leaders.
Justice is embodied in practice as social guarantees and the fight against poverty and corruption, the efforts to give each a decent place in our society and give the Russian nation as a whole a worthy place in the system of international relations.
There is freedom-personal, individual freedom. It means economic freedom, freedom of speech and religion, freedom to choose one’s place of residence and one’s job. And there is general national freedom, the independence and freedom of the Russian state.
There is a welfare and dignity of human life. There is interethnic peace and unity of diverse cultures. There are family traditions, love and faithfulness, care for the young and for the old. There is patriotism, along with the most sober and critical look at our country’s history and our far from ideal present, belief in Russia that shines through no matter what the circumstances, deep-rooted love for our native land and our great culture.
These are our values, the foundations of our society and our moral beacons. To put things more simply, it is these self-evident things that we all understand that are what make us a single people, what make us Russia.
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Answer the following questions about the text.
1.Is it easy to make decisions: affecting the lives, welfare and health of a great people?
2.Are there any things that cannot be given up?
3.What is justice as a value in our society?
4.How is justice embodied in practice?
5.In what way is freedom interpreted?
6.What values make us Russia?
Vocabulary Exercises
I. Fill in the gaps with the word or word combinations from the
box.
1.It is far from easy to make decisions that will _________ of thousands of citizens.
2.Our people have _________.
3.We are talking about the people which more than a thousand years
history, a people that _________.
4.Justice is embodied in a practice as and _________ to fight against poverty and corruption.
5.There is _________.
6.There is freedom-personal and individual among _________.
to develop and bring civilization to vast territory, to affect the lives, welfare and health of citizens, a great spiritual and moral heritage, as social guarantees, welfare and dignity of human life, to choose place and residence
II. What is the Russian for:
the unity of diverse cultures, moral beacons, national freedom and independence of Russian state, to make decisions, to act on solid basis of values and ideals, to be based on someone’s experience, to fight until
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victory, to affect lives, welfare and health of people, society’s ideals and principles.
III. Make a pre-translation analysis of the text.
1.Определите тип источника и реципиента текста. На основании каких данных в тексте это можно сделать?
2.Охарактеризуйте лексику и термины данного текста. Приведите примеры из текста.
IV. Translate the text in a written form and single out the difficulties in translation.
V. What translation decisions have you made in the following sentences?
1.But I say, quite frankly, based on my own experience, that it’s far from easy to make decisions that will affect the lives welfare and health of thousands of citizens, a reputation and destiny of great people.
2.There is justice, which we understand as political equality, honest courts and political leaders.
3.There are family traditions, love and faithfulness, care for the young and for the old.
4.There is patriotism, along with the most sober and critical look at our country’s history and our far from ideal present, belief in Russia that shines through no matter what the circumstances, deep-rooted love for our native land and our great culture.
5.To put things more simply, it is these self-evident things that we all understand that are what make us a single people, what make us Russia.
VI. Choose the best variant of translation and correct the mistakes of each other.
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3.2. At the Cutting Edge of Innovation
Word List:
to refer to – иметь в виду
enterprises in crucial sectors – предприятия в важных отраслях machinebuilding industry – машиностроение
defence industry – оборонно-промышленный комплекс
small businesses – малое предприятие (предприятие малого бизнеса)
to pay close attention to – обращать максимальное внимание на to delay the implementation of a programs – откладывать решение программы
to keep one step ahead – действовать на опережение to compete – конкурировать
to gain benefits in future – получить выгоду и преимущества в будущем
to occupy niches in the world economy – занять ниши в мировой экономике
to produce knowledge – производить знания
cutting – edge achievements – достижение лидирующих позиций to be at the cutting-edge of innovations – быть на переднем крае инноваций
to guarantee equal opportunities – гарантировать равные возможности
ability to innovate and create – способность к новаторству и творчеству
to consolidate around national priorities – консолидироваться вокруг национальных приоритетов
to set on populist chatter – настроиться на популистскую болтовню to satisfy personal ambitions – удовлетворять личные амбиции to seek to provoke tension – провоцировать обострение
to inflame social and interethnic strife – разжигать социальную и межнациональную рознь
to draw to illegal actions – вовлекать в противоправные действия to maintain constitutional order – обеспечить конституционный порядок
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Text
I am referring here to the enterprises in crucial sector such as agriculture, construction, machine building and defense industry. I am also talking about small businesses. Here we must pay close attention to the effectiveness of our work and the justification of our plans and programs. This applies to the state, business, and to each individual.
What we need more than anything today is trust and cooperation. We must not delay the implementation of our strategic programs not even for a day. In this situation we need to keep one step ahead. It is now that to lay the foundations that will enable our country to compete in areas where future benefits are to be gained. We need to work fast to occupy niches in the world economy that are still free.
We need to build new and effective enterprises and spread the use of the most advanced technology. Our priority is to produce new technology and advanced culture, cutting-edge achievements in science, education and the arts in other words.
We must be at the cutting edge of innovation in the main economic sectors and in public life.
Our policies are based on an ideology which has people at its center, people as individuals and citizens, people who are guaranteed equal opportunities from birth. Their success in life depends on their personal initiative and independence, and on their abilities to innovate and create. This is more important now than ever before for our country. We simply must consolidate around our national priorities.
Those who want to make some “easy” political capital out of economic difficulties, whose who have their hearts set on populist chatter and want to destabilize society in order to satisfy their personal ambitions, I advise them to read the Constitution. I consider in my duty to warn those who seek to provoke tension in political situation.
We will not allow anyone to inflame social and interethnic strife, deceive people and draw them into illegal actions. We will continue to maintain Constitutional order through all the legal means.
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Answer the following questions about the text.
1.What is the president talking about?
2.What does Russia need more today?
3.What do we need to realise our strategic programmes?
4.What is our priority?
5.What are our policies based on?
6.In what way is it possible to maintain Constitutional order?
Vocabulary Exercises
I. Fill in the gaps with the word or word combinations from the
box.
1.I consider it my duty to warn those who seek ______.
2.Their success in life depends on their personal initiative and their______.
3.Here we must ______to the effectiveness of our work and the justification of our plans and programmes.
4.We need _______ and spread the use of the most advanced technology.
5.We must ______in the main economic sectors and public life.
6.What we need more than anything today is ______.
to pay close attention to, trust and cooperation, to build new and effective enterprises, to be at the cutting edge of innovations, abilities to innovate and create, to provoke tension in the political situation
II. What is the Russian for:
crucial sectors, defence industry, cutting-edge achievements in science, education and art, to produce new technology, to occupy the niches in the world economy, small businesses, delay the implementation of strategic programmes, to keep one step ahead, to lay the foundations, justification of plans and programmes
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III. Make a pre-translation analysis of the text.
1.Определите тип источника и реципиента текста. На основании каких данных в тексте это можно сделать?
2.Охарактеризуйте лексику и термины данного текста. Приведите примеры из текста.
IV. Translate the text in a written form and single out the difficulties in translation.
V. What translation decisions have you made in the following sentences?
1.In this situation we need to keep one step ahead.
2.We must be at the cutting edge of innovations in the main economic sectors and in public life.
3.Our policies are based on an ideology which has people at its center, people as individuals and citizens, people who are guaranteed equal opportunities from birth.
4.We will not allow anyone to inflame social and interethnic strife, deceive people and draw them into illegal actions.
5.I am referring here to the enterprises in crucial sector such as agriculture, construction, machine building and defense industry.
VI. Choose the best variant of translation and correct the mistakes of each other.
3.3. The Role of Constitution in the Development of Russia’s Statehood
Word List:
toupholdfreedomandjustice–утверждатьсвободуинезависимость human dignity and welfare – человеческое достоинство и благополучие
the unity of our multiethnic people – единство нашего многонационального народа
common values – общепризнанные ценности legal concepts – юридические понятия
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