Корма и питание животных = Animal Feed and Nutrition. Учебно-методическое пособие

Exercise 2. Determine the average daily gain of the calf. The animal ate 5 kg of feed per day and in its body it was postponed: _____ g, with _______ g.

The productive action of nutrients (the coefficients of the productive action of Kelner):

1kgofdigestibleproteinpromotesthedepositionof235goffat.

1kgofdigestiblefatofroughagepromotesthedepositionof474goffat.

1kgofdigestiblefatofgrainfeedspromotestothedepositionof526goffat. 1 kg of digestible fat of oilseeds promotes the deposition of 598 g of fat. 1kgofdigestiblefatfiberpromotestothedepositionof248goffat.

1kgofdigestiblestarchfatpromotesthedepositionof248goffat.

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The content of exchange energy and digestible nutrients for ruminants

(thecoefficientsofJ.Axelson):

Coefficients for green and roughage fodder for pigs:

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Exercise 1. Calculate the total nutritional value of fodders (Task 1.2) in starch equivalents and oat feed units based on the chemical composition and digestibility ratios ofnutrients.

Exercise 2. Determine the content of metabolizable energy in the fodder

and express nutrient in energetic feed unit (EFU)

kcal

KJ

Total metabolizable energy in 1 kg of feed:

kcal

KJ

Feeding nutrition in the energetic feed unit

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4. PROTEIN NUTRITION OF FODDER

Exercise 1. To assess the protein nutrition of fodder.

Exercise 2. Calculate the biological value of the protein based on the results of the balance experiment on two groups of pigs.

Exercise 3. Determine the reasons for the different uses of protein in rations of pigs, that have the same level of total and protein nutrition.

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5. MINERAL AND VITAMIN NUTRIENT VALUE OF FODDER

When organizing the mineral nutrition of animals, along with the determination of the total intake of macroand micro elements, it is necessary to take into account the reaction of the ash of the rations (especially for pigs and poultry).

It is determined by the ratio of acidic and alkaline elements, expressed in gram equivalents. To translate an element into gram equivalents, use conversion factors:

The formula for calculating the ash reaction:

In rations, the ratio of acidic gram-equivalents to alkaline should not exceed 0.8 – 1. Excess of alkaline gram-equivalents per 1 feed unit of the ration should be in the range 0.3-0.5.

1. Production evaluation of feeds

Calculate the ratio of acid and basic elements and determine the reaction of ash in the cow's ration (exercise 1.3).

Ratio of acid elements to basic:

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6. TYPES OF FEED AND THEIR APPOINTMENT

Exercise 1. Take the finished tables from exercise 1 of the first topic and give a detailed description of each feed and its purpose in feeding animals. The characteristic should cover all species of animals for all indicators of nutritional and chemical composition of the feed.

Norms of feeding animals.

The technique of compiling rations and their analysis

To conduct this lesson need guides to standards in animal feeding and energy and chemical composition of feed.

Norms and rations of feeding of farm animals. Reference book 3rd edition revised and supplemented by A.P. Kalashnikov, V.I. Fisinin, V.V. Shcheglov, N.I. Kleimenov. Moscow 2003, Internet access address: http://www.nicbiotech.ru/files/attach/litra/kalashnikov.pdf

Rules for the preparation of rations

In compiling rations species, age, weight, sex of the animal, its physiological state, the productivity trend and the breed, season of the year to be considered.

Depending on the above factors, feeds and their ratio in the diet are selected. In addition, the list of feed resources may depend on the region in which the farm is located.

To simplify the calculation of the ration, you can use a variety of computer programs, such as Coral; access address: http://www.nicbiotech.ru/files/attach/litra/kalashnikov.pdf, HYBRIMIN Futter; access address: http://soft-agro.com/products/hybrimin, Racion 5.0.0; access address: http://krsaksoft.narod.ru/Index.html.

These programs take into account not only the needs of animals and the content of nutrients and energy in feed, but also a variety of unaccounted factors that contribute to the loss of nutritive value of feeds or incomplete use of animals. This makes it possible to calculate with high accuracy the ration for each animal individually. Such precision is achieved by using the simplex method.

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If you can not use such programs, you can use the table Exel (Windows) or Calk (Linux).

Table 1. Example of a ration for a horse weighing 500 kg

Information on the animal's need for the content of nutrients and energy in selected feeds should be placed in the cells of the table. The column "weight of forages" remains unfilled.

Column 1 shows the name of the feed. In column 2, the estimated quantety of feeds is entered. Columns 3,5,7,9,11 give information for each fodder in 1 kg: vitamins in IU, dry matter in g, etc.

Columns 4,6,8,10,12 prescribe the formula: C3 * B3, E4 * B4, and so on. Thus, selecting the necessary indicators of the mass of fodder, you can bring

all the indicators to match with the norm.

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