Английский язык межкультурная коммуникация. Учебное пособие

Exercise 9. Read the dialogue and fill in the gaps with a suitable word or expression.

a bit late

informal conversation relaxed

embarrassing silence going to parties make small talk break the ice

guests

nice weather for the first time go home

advice

Small talk

Rob: So, Feifei, how did the blind date go? Feifei: Not great - a disaster in fact.

Rob: Oh no. Why didn't you just follow my …….. (1)? Feifei: I did! Wear something nice, turn up late and ……. (2). Rob: Yes, make small talk. Exactly.

Feifei: Well, when I started making small talk, the guy looked at me in a strange way and then walked off.

Rob: Oh no. What did you say?

Feifei: Things like 'hi', 'good', 'yes', 'no', 'great' - small words.

Rob: But no sentences? I think you've got the wrong end of the stick here - I mean you've misunderstood - making small talk means making ……. (3) about unimportant things. If you're meeting someone______

(4), it's a good way to make them feel relaxed - you know, …….. (5). Feifei: Right! Make 'small' conversation.

Rob: I guess we should hear some examples...

I didn't know anybody at my cousin's wedding, so I tried to make small talk with the……… (6). I'm shy and not very good at small talk. That's

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why I hate _____ (7). At the office party, we all had to stand around making small talk, but all I really wanted to do was _____ (8)!

Feifei: This is The English. We Speak from BBC Learning English. And we're learning about the expression 'small talk' - that's informal conversation which is meant to make people feel more ______ (9) and stops any ……. (10). Actually, Rob, I do know about small talk. It's just that...

Rob: So, why didn't you say?

Feifei: Well, I was going to tell you that...

Rob: You'll never get a boyfriend if you don't speak up, Feifei! You really need to talk more.

Feifei: Rob.

Rob: Yes?

Feifei: What I was trying to say was, I did not have time for small talk because my date would not stop talking. He was rude, arrogant and wouldn't let me get a word in edgeways! Now, who does that remind me of?!

Rob: Err. ……… (11) for the time of year, don't you think?

Feifei: It's ……… (12) for small talk now, Rob. You've said far too much.

Rob: Oh. Feifei: Bye bye! Rob: Bye!

PART II. NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Unit 1.

Gestures and Body Language

Active Vocabulary

beckon – подзывать кивком головы, рукой bow – склонить голову, поклониться cross your legs – закинуть ногу на ногу fold your arms – скрестить руки

hold hands – держаться за руки nod – кивнуть в знак согласия

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pat somebody on the back / head – похлопать, погладить по спине/голове

point at somebody/ something – показать, указать на кого-либо/

что-либо

shake hands – пожать руки (дословно трясти руками) shake your head – покачать головой в знак несогласия wave – помахать рукой

wink – подмигнуть hug – обнимать

greet – приветствовать

treat – обращаться, относиться

It is polite – это вежливо

It is rude/ impolite – это грубо/ невежливо

Exercise 1. Look at the pictures and say what these people are doing.

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G_________________ H._____________________

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.

TEXT A

Body Language and Gestures

In India, Africa, and the Middle East, people always use their right hand for greeting, touching, and eating. They consider the left hand unclean, so you should never use it for anything publicly.

Several cultures consider crossing your legs to be rude. For example, in the Middle East and South Africa, crossed legs often show the sole of the foot, a sign of an ill wish or a bad omen. In Japan, it's considered rude to cross your legs in the presence of someone older or more respected than you.

Certain gestures considered acceptable in one country can be highly offensive in another. For example, a "thumbs up" gesture is seen as a sign of satisfaction in the West, but is highly offensive in some Middle Eastern countries.

In the United States, a handshake demonstrates that negotiations are finished, and that everyone is leaving on good terms.

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In the Middle East, a handshake is a sign that serious negotiations are now beginning.

In many cultures, pointing is impolite, so it's usually best to avoid it entirely. If you must gesture toward something, use your entire hand.

Exercise 3. Use words and expressions in the box to complete the sentences.

1.In most European countries, people _____to mean “no”.

2.In most European countries, people _____to mean “yes”.

3.In Bulgaria, on the contrary, people _____to mean “yes” and

_____to mean “no”.

4.You _____ somebody if you want them to come to you.

5.You often _____ to somebody when you say goodbye.

6.People sometimes _____ when they say “well-done”.

7.Couples sometimes _____ when they are walking.

8.You often _____ family members if you haven’t seen them for a long time.

9.Many Asian people _____ to show respect when they meet.

10.In the USA, it is normal for men to _____ when they meet.

11.In Arab countries, close male friends or colleagues _____ .

12.To _____ is to close one eye briefly as a way of greeting someone or of showing that you are not serious about something you have said.

13.It is rude to _____ at people with your index finger.

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Focus on grammar

Модальные глаголы must/ mustn’t/ needn’t/ should/ shouldn’t. Модальные глаголы выражают не действие (идти, читать, рисовать), а отношение говорящего к этим действиям -

возможность, совет, необходимость, разрешение и т.д. сделать что-то. (надо идти, должен читать, могу рисовать).

Глагол must переводится как «должен/обязан». Он используется, если нужно что-то сделать, так как это необходимо и важно (it is necessary, it is important) или это закон, правило, традиция.

You must switch off your mobile phone in class. - Вы должны отключить мобильный телефон, когда у вас занятие.

Mustn’t – обозначает запрет: не должен, нельзя!

You mustn’t park your car here – Здесь нельзя парковать машину. You mustn’t make any noise in the museum. - Нельзя шуметь в музее.

Needn’t - не нужно, нет необходимости (It is not necessary), но если хотите, можете сделать.

needn’t hurry. – У нас куча времени. Можно не торопиться. (нет необходимости торопиться)

Глагол should переводится как «следует/должен» (shouldn’t – не следует, не должен) и используется, как правило, чтобы дать совет. Этот глагол является не таким строгим, как must. Когда мы

говорим should, то действие не требует обязательного выполнения. Это скорее рекомендация, как следует поступить.

You should think about it. - Вам следует подумать над этим. What should I do this time? Что мне нужно (следует) сделать в этот раз?

She shouldn’t go there. Ей не следует идти туда.

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Exercise 4. Choose must, mustn’t or needn’t.

1.In many Arab countries, you ………arrive on time for meetings and social events – punctuality is not considered important.

2.In many parts of Asia, you ……… touch or pat somebody on the head – it is considered offensive.

3.In many Asian countries, you …….. eat with your right hand because your left hand is considered dirty.

4.In many countries you ……. use your index finger to beckon somebody – it is very rude.

5.If you are invited to somebody’s home in Brazil, you ……. take a gift, but it’s normal to send a thank-you letter the next day.

6.In most Asian countries, you ……. remove your shoes when entering someone’s house.

Exercise 5. Give recommendations using must, mustn’t or needn’t. Start your sentence with You.

Example: - It isn’t necessary to wear a tie.

Нет необходимости носить галстук

- You needn’t wear a tie.

Вам не нужно (необязательно) носить галстук

1.It is important not to be late.

…………………………………………..

2.Don’t wink at women.

…………………………………………..

3.It isn’t necessary to eat with a knife and a fork.

……………………………………………………

4.In China it isn’t necessary to talk during the meal.

……………………………………………………………………

5.In the USA it’s important not to touch people if you don’t know them very well.

…………………………………………………………………

6.In American restaurants it’s important that you leave the waiter a

15% tip.

…………………………………………………………………

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7.It’s important not to call people after 10 p.m. unless it’s an emergency.

…………………………………………………………………

8.Don’t accept invitation if you don’t want to go.

…………………………………………………………………

Unit 2.

Differences in cross-cultural non-verbal communication

Active Vocabulary

non-verbal communication – невербальная коммуникация, выражающаяся в мимике, жестах, позах

verbal communication – устное сообщение, речевая коммуникация

facial expression – выражение лица, мимика conceal – прикрывать, маскировать, прятать reveal – донести, открыть, обнародовать hide – прятать, скрывать

maintain – поддерживать confident – уверенный в себе

supervisor – начальник, руководитель maturity – зрелость

Exercise 1. Translate the derivatives.

communicate – communication; maintain – maintenance; express – expression; supervise – supervision – supervisor, confident – confidence; mature – maturity; face – facial, verb - verbal.

Exercise 2. Read the text paying attention to active vocabulary.

TEXT A

Differences in non-verbal communication

Non-verbal communication can be just as tricky to navigate as verbal communication and, in some countries, it is much more important than verbal one. In many countries, giving a thumbs-up sign

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is a positive expression that signals agreement. But in some cultures, such as Japan, Indonesia, and Latin America, it is considered offensive.

Some of the most common forms of nonverbal communication include gestures, facial expressions, interpersonal distances, touching, posture or eye contact.

When a person is laughing or smiling, it may not simply mean they are happy when you consider broader cultural context. For example, in Japan, people smiling or laughing might mean they are angry and are trying to conceal it. In many Asian cultures, not revealing real feelings is a sign of maturity. However, in American culture and some European cultures, people usually do not hide their real emotions, and are more straightforward.

Each culture reads the meaning of eye contact distinctively. In most Asian cultures, avoiding eye contact is a sign of respect. Especially in professional or family settings, locking gazes with supervisors and seniors is considered impolite. However, in America, maintaining eye contact with supervisors means that person is confident and honest. Similarly, in Germany, people usually will not break eye contact during their talking.

Body language includes head, arms, legs, and hands gestures. When a person is nodding the head, the worldwide perception would think the person means yes. On the contrary, in India, Bulgaria nodding the head means “no”, and shaking the head means “yes.”

Exercise 3. Match the words with their opposites from the list. There are two extra words that you don’t have to use.

Gestures, angry, strangers, reveal, rude, comfortable, shake your head, offend, similar, negative, maintain.

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Exercise 4. Match the words to make expressions.

Exercise 5. Complete the table using information from the text “Differences in non-verbal communication”. What do these forms of communication mean in these countries? Give a detailed answer.

Exercise 6. Read the text and say if the following statements are true or false.

1.The personal distance between the speakers in the USA is bigger than in Arab and in Asian countries. True/False

2.People keep the same distance between friends and strangers.

True/ False

3.You should avoid touching in Mediterranean and South American cultures. True/ False.

4.It’s offensive to touch your colleagues and strangers in Eastern countries. True/ False.

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